PCR检测结核分枝杆菌DNA中不同细菌裂解方法结果观察

目的：寻找适合于临床ＰＣＲ检测结核杆菌ＤＮＡ简单、快速、有效、经济的细菌裂解方法。方法：采用１１种细菌裂解剂对相同数量的结核分枝杆菌进行裂解，裂解上清液直接用于ＰＣＲ扩增，结果：１％ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００，１％ＮＰ４０，１％Ｔｅｗｅｅｎ２０、和１％ＯＰ四种裂解剂的裂解液可直接扩增出结核分枝杆菌ＤＮＡ；ＳＤＳ，ＮａＯＨ，十二烷基肌酸钠等裂解剂的裂解液直接用于ＰＣＲ扩增均为阴性。结论：１％的Ｔｒｉｔｏｎｘ－１００，ＮＰ４０、Ｔｅｗｅｅｎ２０和乳化剂ＯＰ裂解细菌效果好，又不抑制ＰＣＲ反应，适合于作为临床ＰＣＲ检测结核杆菌的裂解剂。     

Immunogenic Deposition and Destruction of Glomerulus in IgA Nephritis

The correlation between glomerular immune deposition and histological alteration was studied in serial paraffin sections of kidney biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephritis using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. IgA deposition was detected in preserved glomerular extracellular matrix or in newly formed interposed matrix along the capillary loops (mesangial interposition). On the other hand, deposition of IgA was scanty or absent in the distorted extracellular matrix where severe exudative inflammation or extracapillary escape of exudates was occurring segmentally. Ultrastructurally such extracellular matricial destruction was expressed as splitting or thinning of the lamina densa, as well as mesangial edema, reticulation or mesangiolysis of the axial matrix. Therefore it appears that at least two types of change in the extracellular matrix are induced by IgA immune complexes in IgA nephritis; immunogenic deposition and destruction.     

The Enlightenment of Evidence and the Leap in the Dark

This article is a free inspiration following R.D. Hinshelwood's ‘Intuition from beginning to end?’. The author tries to show Bion's Kleinian skill to listen to every detail of the clinical hour, picking up clues and putting them together to render meanings and presenting them to the patient. While doing so, Bion created a richness of concepts for analysts to try out as tools for observation and understanding of their patients’ mental functioning. Several of these concepts along with the clinical inspirations are described here. The author believes, therefore, that even during his ‘loyalty to Klein’ period, Bion was also extremely creative though inspired by Klein. When it comes to intuition, the author prefers to be modest, listen to the patient's free associations and allow intuitions to mate with concepts before getting back to the patient.     

分割小鼠胚胎的简易方法和分割后二分胚的发育能力

本研究改进和简化了小鼠胚胎分割方法,在普通立体显微镜下用玻璃针手工切割,每切割一枚胚胎只需1min。共切割4日龄鼠胚701枚,得1346枚可用半胚,分割成功率为96.01%。半胚培养发育率达73.70%。冷冻裸半胚,装透明带半胚和装透明带后再用琼脂包埋半胚的解冻后培养发育率分别为26.67%、56.67%和64.29%。     

治疗窗窄药片5种分剂量准确性研究

目的了解5种治疗窗窄药片分剂量的准确性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法应用药片切割器、剪刀、刀片对5种药片分剂量成2等份及4等份。结果 5种治疗窗窄药片中,硬度最大和最小的药片分别为氨茶碱、地高辛;直径最大和最小的药片分别为卡马西平、地高辛;厚度最大和最小的药片分别为卡马西平、地高辛。地高辛（切）、苯妥英钠（切）FW1/2和FW1/4与TW1/2和TW1/4比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;地高辛（剪）、氨茶碱（剪）、华法林钠（剪）、苯妥英钠（剪）FW1/4与TW1/4比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05和P〈0.01）;华法林钠（刀）FW1/2和FW1/4与TW1/2和TW1/4比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。5种药片用3种工具分剂量至少有5片超出质量差异15%,均不符合欧洲药典标准。分剂量成2等份时,应用剪刀超出平均质量15%的药片数均较其他2种方法多;分剂量成4等份时,3种方法超出平均质量15%的药片数均较分剂量成2等份时多。结论 5种治疗窗窄药片应用3种工具分剂量准确性较差,临床用药应引起足够的注意。需要调整给药剂量时,可考虑用液体制剂分剂量。     

流行性出血热病毒的毒粒多态性和裂解产物多样性

作者将EHFV有关产物经过多种电泳和不同染色剂的对比检测,揭示了EHFV的多态性(呈现六条格外整齐、深浅不一、迁移率互异的染色带)和极端的不稳定性(在-30℃冻存下也会出现裂解等),从而解释了诸多学者在电镜观察中为什么对EHFV大小和形态作出如此不同的报道,这与他们所用病毒材料和(或)抽提时所用的溶剂、温度以及提纯后贮存期的长短等密切相关.冻融裂解的应用将加速对EHF病毒分子生物学的研究.     

原发性肝癌患者不成熟防御机制的研究

目的 了解PLC患者的不成熟防御机制的状况。方法 采用防御方式问卷和流调用抑郁自评量表对PLC患者进行测试，并与100例健康人群作对照。结果 PLC患者比健康人群采用较多分裂和潜意显现机制。采用较少抱怨机制，其抑郁症状的发生率亦高于健康人群。结论 PLC患者的心理防御方式存在缺陷。     

The Kleinian Tradition

This paper traces the history of the Kleinian contribution to psychoanalysis, from Melanie Klein's first controversial developments of Freudian theory to the paradigmatic shift of clinical focus introduced by Wilfred Bion. A major advance in psychoanalytic theory was initiated by Klein's discovery of more primitive roots of the anxiety which Freud had identified as crucial to the formation of the superego. Whereas Freud attributed considerable significance to parental influences in the early formation of the superego, Klein accorded greatest pathogenic significance to projective and introjective processes, which she saw as rooted in the biological functions of the organism: biologically determined, internal patterns of relationship thus laid down, like a blueprint, as the shapers of all subsequent personal relationships. In the theory of projective identification, Bion found a tool with which to investigate the nature of human thinking. His aim was to formulate a unifying theory, which would account for neurotic and psychotic pathology. He added a new dimension to Klein's ideas about the significance of early infantile experience, by signalling the critical importance of the early infantile capacity to tolerate frustration. Tolerance of primitive frustration is critical in allowing thought to precede action and determines psychotic or non‐psychotic developmental pathways. Two clinical vignettes illustrate the use of these constructs in my clinical work.     

用三种方法分劈地高辛片的效果比较

目的：选择合适的地高辛片的分劈方法。方法：分别选择刀片分劈、剪刀分劈，双手对掰3种方法对地高辛片进行对半分劈，对各组的分劈片重量及损耗量差异进行分析，并采用USP剂量单位一致性测定方法对分劈片重进行测试，并对各分劈方法的适应性进行考察。结果：3种分劈片平均重量之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05），剪刀分劈法导致的损耗量较大，3种分劈片重量均未通过USP剂量单位一致性测定，双手对掰法的适应性较好。结论：3种方法中，双手对掰法更适合于地高辛片的分劈。