基础疾病负担对药物性肝损伤严重程度及预后的影响

目的探讨基础疾病对药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)患者严重程度及预后的影响。方法纳入北京友谊医院肝病中心2016年1月至2019年12月符合入排标准的DILI患者,依据查尔森合并症指数(Charlson Comorbidity Index,CCI)分为显著基础疾病负担组(CCI>2分)和无或轻度基础疾病负担组(CCI≤2分),通过卡方检验及非参数检验分析两组患者临床特征、损伤程度及预后。结果313例DILI患者年龄为(54±14)岁,女性227例(72.5%),其中无或轻度基础疾病负担的患者272例(86.9%),显著基础疾病负担的患者41例(13.1%)。与无或轻度基础疾病负担组相比,显著基础疾病负担组年龄更大[(63±8)岁比(52±14)岁]、体质指数[(24.2±5.2)比(23.1±3.6)kg/m²]及谷氨酰转肽酶[初始值283.0(159.0,404.0)U/L比189.0(100.0,325.0)U/L;峰值335.0(239.0,582.0)U/L比219.0(131.0,360.0)U/L]更高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);严重程度及临床分型两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在本队列中,250例(79.9%)DILI患者恢复正常,41例(13.1%)发展为慢性DILI,22例(7.0%)需要肝移植或者死亡,显著基础疾病负担组全因病死率及非肝脏相关的病死率均显著高于无或轻度基础病负担组患者(19.5%比3.7%;12.2%比0.7%,均P<0.01)。结论基础疾病负担重的患者预后差,以非肝脏相关死亡为主。     

Different triage categorization using Emergency Severity Index (ESI) method in emergency department

Objective

Triage is basically a categorization process to prioritize various treatments for patients based on the types of disease, severity, prognosis and resource availability. However, the term triage is more appropriate to be used in the context of natural disaster or mass casualties. Within the context of emergency situation in emergency department, the term triage refers to a method used to assess the severity of patients’ condition, determine the level of priority, and mobilize the patients to the suitable care unit. ESI is a new concept of triage using five scales in classifying the patients in emergency department. The real implementation of this concept demands nurses have to immediately make assessment about patients’ condition right away, besides they must give their final decision, whether to move the patients to the ward or to let them leave the hospital.