A comparison of the relationships between psychosocial factors,occupational strain,and work ability among 4 ethnic teacher groups in China

The present study compared the level of occupational strain and work ability among Han, Hui, Uygur, Hui, and Kazakh teachers, and explored ethnic differences based on the associations of psychosocial factors at work, occupational strain, and work ability. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,941 teachers in primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang Province, China. Psychosocial factors, occupational strain, and work ability were measured using the Occupation Stress Inventory—Revised Edition (OSI-R) and Work Ability Index. Han and Hui teachers experienced reduced work ability compared with Uygur and Kazakh teachers, and this finding was caused, in part, by exposure to psychosocial factors at work. The vocational and psychological strains caused by these factors play an important role in reduced work ability among all ethnic teacher groups. The findings indicate the importance of taking action to reduce occupational strain for promoting teachers' work ability in multiethnic workplaces.     

案例教学法在消化内科见习课的应用效果评价

目的探讨案例教学法在消化内科见习课的教学效果和体会。方法选取2017年10月—2017年12月在消化内科进行见习课的2015级39-40班护理本科学生44例(全部为女生),抓阄分成对照组(22人)和试验组(22人),对照组给予传统的带教方法,试验组给予案例教学法教学,比较两组护生在理论、技能、综合能力和对带教满意度方面有无差异。两组学生在性别、年龄、专业前的课程成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结果观察组在理论考核成绩、操作考核成绩、教学满意度等方面均高于对照组。结论案例教学法能提高护理教学的教学效果,增加学生的理论、操作能力,提高护理临床思维能力,提升学生的学习主动性和积极性。     

Identification and functional analysis of ferritin 2 from the Taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus Schulze

Ferritin 2 (FER2) is an iron storage protein, which has been shown to be critical for iron homeostasis during blood feeding and reproduction in ticks and is therefore suitable as a component for anti-tick vaccines. In this study, we identified the FER2 of Ixodes persulcatus, a major vector for zoonotic diseases such as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne relapsing fever in Japan, and investigated its functions. Ixodes persulcatus-derived ferritin 2 (Ip-FER2) showed concentration-dependent iron-binding ability and high amino acid conservation, consistent with FER2s of other tick species. Vaccines containing the recombinant Ip-FER2 elicited a significant reduction of the engorgement weight of adult I. persulcatus. Interestingly, the reduction of engorgement weight was also observed in Ixodes ovatus, a sympatric species of I. persulcatus. In silico analyses of FER2 sequences of I. persulcatus and other ticks showed a greater similarity with I. scapularis and I. ricinus and lesser similarity with Hyalomma anatolicum, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus microplus, and R. appendiculatus. Moreover, it was observed that the tick FER2 sequences possess conserved regions within the primary structures, and in silico epitope mapping analysis revealed that antigenic regions were also conserved, particularly among Ixodes spp ticks. In conclusion, the data support further protective tick vaccination applications using the Ip-FER2 antigens identified herein.     

Self-care Experiences of Adolescents with Spinal Muscular Atrophy

PurposeWe examined the self-care experiences of adolescents with spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) and their perceptions of the interactions between their body and the environment.MethodsWe interviewed ten adolescents with SMA aged 13–18 years regarding personal care practices. Purposive sampling was conducted in two medical centers in northern Taiwan. Data were analyzed using the Giorgi analysis method.ResultsFour constitutions were identified: (1) limited space for independent development, (2) multiple reconstructions of self-image to improve physical ability, (3) self-care of disease, and (4) developing activity styles to accommodate social culture.ConclusionThe self-care lived experiences of patients reflect dynamic changes in the body and environment. Self-existence was exhibited by adjustment, practice, and creativity of physical activity to integrate into society. Nursing staff should understand the self-care experiences and needs of adolescents with SMA to develop a database of self-care skills. This study recommended that nursing staff improve their ability to guide patients in taking care of themselves by developing body awareness self-care courses and individual care plans in response to various stages of disability to help patients delay deterioration, realize their physical potential, and promote independence and social development.     

急诊住院医师的教学查房模式

教学查房是床旁教学的一种重要手段,对住院医师进行教学查房能够有效提高住院医师的岗位胜任力和职业能力,培养急诊住院医师的急诊临床思维。近年来由于国家住院医师规范化培训改革在不断深入,对急诊住院医师的教学查房引起了人们的高度关注,然后在实际的急诊住院医师的教学查房中却还存在着诸多问题,教学查房与日常的临床查房概念混淆、教学查房准备不充分、教学查房目的不明确以及教学查房的互动性不强都严重影响了教学查房的质量。因此需要积极探究急诊住院医师的教学查房的有效模式,从而不断提升住院医师的临床实践能力。     

实体化创伤中心建设提升严重创伤救治能力

为明确实体化创伤中心建设对提升严重创伤救治能力的作用,笔者以兴义市创伤中心实体化建设后所取得的初步成效,从院内多学科团队建设及核心能力维护、创伤救治流程优化、创伤时间节点质量控制与持续改进等方面进行介绍,为实体化创伤中心建设提供借鉴和参考。     

临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标，大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案，以导师制培养为载体，在医学本科教育全过程中，制定分阶段创新能力培养体系，涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练，强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现，“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI，主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足，但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著，对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

翻转课堂教学法在消化内科临床带教的应用评价

目的 探讨翻转课堂教学法在消化内科临床带教的教学效果.方法 选取2018年10月—2019年10月在消化内科进行临床见习的护生48人(全部为女生),按照实习先后顺序,前24人作为试验组,给予翻转课堂教学法教学;后24人作为对照组,采用传统的带教模式.讨论两组护生在理论和操作成绩和对带教满意度方面有无差异.两组学生在试验开始之前的成绩相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结果 试验组在理论、操作、教学满意度等方面的成绩均高于对照组,P<0.05.结论 翻转课堂教学法在消化内科的临床带教中有较好的教学效果,可以提高学生的学习成绩和教学满意度.     

在生物化学教学中培养医学生的科研创新能力

在教学过程中潜移默化培养医学生的科研创新能力，是实践新时代医学教育改革新理念的有益探索。生物化学是医学生的重要专业基础课程之一，探讨在生物化学教学过程中通过多种教学方法培养学生对科研的兴趣，同时，结合科研新进展，开拓学生的视野，培养学生的创新思维，提高医学生科研创新能力的思路。     

Mozart effect in preschool children?

In 1993, Rauscher et al. reported a temporary increase in spatial-temporal ability after listening to Mozart's music. This led to numerous replication and extension studies with mixed findings in the past decade. This study investigated the 'Mozart effect' in preschool children. Forty-one boys and girls, aged three to five, attempted a series of pencil-and-paper maze tests after each of three listening conditions: Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major (K488), age-appropriate popular music and silence. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences among the three interventions. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of other investigations of the Mozart effect, and the need for further investigation of possible trends.