Immunogenicity and protection efficacy of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium fnr,arcA and fliC mutant

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a major food-borne pathogen that can cause self-limited gastroenteritis or life-threatening invasive diseases in humans. There is no licensed S. Typhimurium vaccine for humans to date. In this study, we attempted to construct a live attenuated vaccine strain of S. Typhimurium based on three genes, namely, the two global regulator genes fnr and arcA and the flagellin subunit gene fliC. The S. Typhimurium three-gene mutant, named SLT39 (ΔfnrΔarcAΔfliC), exhibited a high level of attenuation with a colonization defect in mouse tissues and approximately 10⁴-fold decreased virulence compared with that of the wild-type strain. To evaluate the immunogenicity and protection efficacy of STL39, mice were inoculated twice with a dose of 10⁷ CFU or 10⁸ CFU at a 28-day interval, and the immunized mice were challenged with a lethal dose of the wild-type S. Typhimurium strain one month post second immunization. Compared with mock immunization, SLT39 immunization with either dose elicited significant serum total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and faecal IgA responses against inactivated S. Typhimurium antigens at a comparable level post second immunization, whereas the 10⁸ CFU group induced higher levels of duodenal and caecal IgA than the 10⁷ CFU group. Furthermore, the bacterial loads in mouse tissues, including Peyer’s patches, spleen and liver, significantly decreased in the two SLT39 immunization groups compared to those in the control group post challenge. Additionally, all mice in the SLT39 (10⁸ CFU) group and 80% of the mice in the SLT39 (10⁷ CFU) group survived the lethal challenge, suggesting full protection and 80% protection efficacy, respectively. Thus, the S. Typhimurium fnr, arcA and fliC mutant proved to be a potential attenuated live vaccine candidate for prevention of homologous infection.     

基于λ Red重组系统敲除鼠伤寒沙门菌yejE基因

目的 采用改良的λ Red同源重组技术，以减毒沙门菌TT-16（ΔclpP TT-1）为前体菌，构建敲除yejE基因的减毒沙门菌TT-54（ΔclpP ΔyejE TT-1），为后续研究yejE基因的功能奠定基础。方法 （1）将重组质粒PKD46导入减毒沙门菌TT-16（ΔclpP TT-1），获得一次重组受体菌TT-51（ΔclpP PKD46 TT-1）；（2）通过PCR扩增获得yejE基因的一次同源重组打靶片段，将其导入TT-51（ΔclpP PKD46 TT-1），利用四环素平板筛选，获得重组菌TT-52（ΔclpP ΔyejE::tetRA TT-1）；（3）将重组质粒PKD46导入重组菌TT-52，获得同源重组受体菌TT-53（ΔclpP ΔyejE::tetRA PKD46 TT-1）；（4）将PCR扩增获得的yejE基因二次同源重组打靶片段导入TT-53（ΔclpP ΔyejE::tetRA PKD46 TT-1），通过四环素敏感平板筛选，获得敲除了yejE基因的减毒沙门菌TT-54（ΔclpP ΔyejE TT-1）。结果 通过两轮（一次和二次）λ Red同源重组，减毒沙门菌TT-16（ΔclpP TT-1）的yejE基因被成功敲除，PCR及测序鉴定结果符合预期。结论 基于模式菌（大肠杆菌）所构建的λ Red同源重组技术完全适用于沙门菌；通过两轮λ Red同源重组，可实现对沙门菌特定靶基因的无痕敲除。     

A DIVA vaccine for cross-protection against Salmonella

Swine are often asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp., a leading cause of human bacterial foodborne disease. Vaccination against Salmonella is effective for protecting animal health and enhancing food safety. However, with >2500 Salmonella serovars, current vaccines for swine offer limited cross-protection against heterologous serovars. Also, existing vaccines can interfere with surveillance programs that monitor the Salmonella status of swine herds. To overcome Salmonella vaccine limitations, we rationally designed and constructed an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine (BBS 866) by deleting multiple small regulatory RNA (sRNA) genes (omrA, omrB, rybB, micA, and invR) in combination with an rfaH mutation. We vaccinated swine intranasally at 3-weeks of age with PBS (mock-vaccinated), BBS 866 or BBS 202 (S. Typhimurium rfaH, Bearson et al., Front Vet Sci 2014;1:9.) and challenged at 7-weeks of age with virulent S. Choleraesuis, a swine pathogen. Vaccination with BBS 866 enhanced protection against S. Choleraesuis by significantly limiting the duration of fever, weight loss, the levels of circulating INFγ, and the total number of swine with S. Choleraesuis septicemia. Vaccination with either BBS 866 or BBS 202 significantly reduced S. Choleraesuis colonization of both systemic (spleen and liver) and gastrointestinal (Peyer's Patch, Ileocecal lymph nodes, and cecum) tissues. Similar to our earlier report for BBS 202, the BBS 866 vaccine strain can be used in swine without compromising the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Therefore, the attenuated S. Typhimurium BBS 866 strain, containing mutations in rfaH and multiple sRNAs, addresses the limitations of current Salmonella vaccines by providing cross-protection against Salmonella serovars in swine without interfering with established monitoring programs for Salmonella surveillance.     

重组沙门氏菌VNP20009-M对骨肉瘤的治疗作用

目的 研究携带甲硫氨酸酶基因的减毒沙门氏菌VNP20009-M对骨肉瘤的治疗作用及其机制。方法 将重组沙门氏菌VNP20009-M与骨肉瘤细胞MNNG-HOS共培养；骨肉瘤细胞MNNGHOS、U2OS及SaoS-2均高表达甲硫氨酸酶基因后探索细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡能力的变化；构建MNNG-HOS裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型，评价不同剂量的VNP20009-M在动物模型中的治疗效果。结果 通过质粒PCR验证甲硫氨酸酶基因只存在于目的菌株VNP20009-M中，且具有较高的甲硫氨酸酶活性，重组沙门氏菌构建成功。VNP20009-M显著诱导骨肉瘤细胞MNNG-HOS的凋亡。相比对照组，甲硫氨酸酶基因过表达的骨肉瘤细胞增殖、迁移能力被显著抑制。VNP20009-M治疗后小鼠皮下肿瘤生长被显著抑制。结论 VNP20009-M可诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡并抑制癌细胞增殖和迁移，可以作为一种新型高效的药物为临床提供新的治疗方式。     

临床分离沙门菌的耐药性及超广谱β-内酰胺酶类耐药基因

目的研究北京地区2012—2015年沙门菌临床分离株的血清型分布、耐药状况及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)耐药基因特征。方法采用最小抑菌浓度法测定北京市肠道门诊分离的677株沙门菌株对16种抗菌药物的耐药情况,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法对244株β-内酰胺酶类耐药菌株进行耐药基因检测。结果677株沙门菌分为68种血清型,其中肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和山夫登堡沙门菌位居前3位。沙门菌对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率分别为42.54%、40.77%,至少耐3种以上抗菌药物的菌株占57.16%。244株对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药的沙门菌,携带至少一种ESBLs基因的菌株174株(71.31%),146株bla_(TEM-1)型,30株bla_(OXA-1)型,18株bla_(CTX-M)型(其中7株bla_(CTX-M-15),6株bla_(CTX-M-55)和5株bla_(CTX-M-14));20株同时携带2种耐药基因。结论该地区沙门菌携带ESBLs耐药基因水平较高,以bla_(TEM-1)为主,同时伴有bla_(OXA-1)和3种bla_(CTX-M)基因亚型,呈现基因多样性。     

广东省东莞市2012—2018年黄金海岸沙门菌临床分离株的病原学特征

目的 通过分析2012—2018年东莞市黄金海岸沙门菌临床分离株的病原学特征,为早期发现该罕见血清型沙门菌引起的聚集病例的及时干预和控制提供病原学依据。方法 对东莞市2012—2018年食源性疾病监测中分离的30株黄金海岸沙门菌临床分离株进行复核鉴定、血清分型、抗生素敏感性试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）的分子分型。结果 30株黄金海岸沙门菌抗原式均为6,8∶r∶l,w,每年菌株数量的构成比有随年度增加而增高的趋势,且差异有统计学意义（χ²=19.67,P<0.05）。东莞市黄金海岸沙门菌对磺胺异噁唑、四环素、复方新诺明、氯霉素、链霉素的耐药率较高,分别为90.0%、90.0%、80.0%、80.0%和76.7%;对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南的敏感率达到100%;对3类及3类以上抗生素耐药的菌株数达到25株,占比为83.33%。30株黄金海岸沙门菌共分为12个PFGE 型,其中2种PFGE型包含条带的相似率为100%的谱型分别为DG-GC06型15株和DG-GC12型3株。结论 东莞市黄金海岸沙门菌的构成比在2012—2018年间呈逐年上升趋势,多重耐药现象严重,且存在潜在暴发现象,应加强暴发发现、流行病学调查及耐药监测。     

广西西江经济带人源性沙门菌数据的动态偏离-份额分析

目的 通过动态分析2015—2019年的广西西江经济带人源性沙门菌的增长情况,为预防和控制沙门菌引起的疾病提供科学参考。方法 以西江经济带为研究区域,通过构建动态偏离-份额分析法模型,获取人源性沙门菌的区域增长份额、构成偏离份额和区位偏离份额。结果 从2015—2019年的合计数看,西江经济带的肠炎沙门菌的总偏离量（+6.943株）、伦敦沙门菌的总偏离量（+0.725株）、火鸡沙门菌的总偏离量（+0.575）均为正值,总偏离量符号为“+”表明该沙门菌属血清型的增长速度快于广西沙门菌总体的增长速度;西江经济带的鼠伤寒沙门菌的总偏离量（-42.794株）、斯坦利沙门菌的总偏离量（-3.401株）、德尔卑沙门菌的总偏离量（-7.552株）、阿贡纳沙门菌的总偏离量（-6.127株）、韦太夫雷登沙门菌的总偏离量（-0.425株）、科特布斯沙门菌的总偏离量（-6.275株）均为负值,总偏离量符号为“-”表明该沙门菌属血清型的增长速度慢于广西沙门菌总体的增长速度。从时间序列看,西江经济带的鼠伤寒沙门菌、斯坦利沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、阿贡纳沙门菌的总偏离量经历先下降然后上升最后再下降的过程,西江经济带的肠炎沙门菌、韦太夫雷登沙门菌、科特布斯沙门菌的总偏离量经历先上升然后下降最后再上升的过程,西江经济带的伦敦沙门菌、火鸡沙门菌的总偏离量经历先连续上升最后下降的过程。结论 西江经济带的肠炎沙门菌、伦敦沙门菌、火鸡沙门菌是具有增长优势的沙门菌属血清型。     

Targeting Orthotopic Glioma in Mice with Genetically Engineered Salmonella typhimurium

Objective

With the growing interests of bacteria as a targeting vector for cancer treatment, diverse genetically engineered Salmonella has been reported to be capable of targeting primary or metastatic tumor regions after intravenous injection into mouse tumor models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of the genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) to access the glioma xenograft, which was monitored in mouse brain tumor models using optical bioluminescence imaging technique.

Methods

U87 malignant glioma cells (U87-MG) stably transfected with firefly luciferase (Fluc) were implanted into BALB/cAnN nude mice by stereotactic injection into the striatum. After tumor formation, attenuated S. typhimurium expressing bacterial luciferase (Lux) was injected into the tail vein. Bioluminescence signals from transfected cells or bacteria were monitored using a cooled charge-coupled device camera to identify the tumor location or to trace the bacterial migration. Immunofluorescence staining was also performed in frozen sections of mouse glioma xenograft.

Results

The injected S. typhimurium exclusively localized in the glioma xenograft region of U87-MG-bearing mouse. Immunofluorescence staining also demonstrated the accumulation of S. typhimurium in the brain tumors.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that S. typhimurium can target glioma xenograft, and may provide a potentially therapeutic probe for glioma.     

武汉地区门诊患者喹诺酮耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌耐药机制分析

目的 研究分析腹泻门诊患者中分离的喹诺酮耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌的耐药机制和遗传关系.方法 对2002-2005年问武汉同济医院腹泻门诊患者中分离的36株喹诺酮耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌进行了耐药谱测定,并通过PCR方法和序列测定对整合子、β内酰胺酶基因、喹诺酮耐药决定区的突变、qnr基因和aac(6')-Ib-cr基因进行了分析,运用脉冲场电泳方法(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)对所收集的菌株进行了分子分型,分析喹诺酮耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌的耐药机制和遗传关系.结果 喹诺酮耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌均为多重耐药株,普遍携带有Ⅰ类整合子,环丙沙星耐药菌株与敏感菌株在PFGE谱型上存在显著性差异,31株环丙沙星耐药菌株在喹诺酮耐药决定区中至少携带GyrA和ParC上的3个点突变,且在这些菌株中均检出了OXA-30基因,这些菌株对头孢吡肟的敏感性出现了不同程度的下降.结论 对环丙沙星耐药的鼠伤寒沙门菌在武汉地区已普遍存在,且这些菌株具有独特的遗传背景,建议在今后的细菌耐药性监测工作中应对这类细菌的耐药谱变化进行重点监测,尤其应加强对氟喹诺酮-三代头孢类抗菌药物均耐药菌株的针对性预警监测.