Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预对尿失禁的预防效果

目的分析前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预对尿失禁的预防效果。方法 42例行前列腺癌根治术的患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组21例。对照组患者给予常规干预,研究组患者采取围术期康复干预。对比两组患者的尿失禁发生率,下尿路症状改善情况,生活质量。结果研究组患者的尿失禁发病率14.29%明显低于对照组的47.62%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者的下尿路症状评估量表(LUTS)评分均低于本组干预前,且研究组患者的LUTS评分(10.25±2.02)分明显低于对照组的(15.63±2.59)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的生理功能、情感职能、社会功能、总体健康评分分别为(75.14±4.28)、(76.67±4.31)、(74.98±4.25)、(75.87±4.26)分,均高于对照组的67.21±4.35)、(68.22±4.39)、(66.58±4.37)、(68.01±4.36)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预可以有效降低术后并发症发生率,改善患者临床症状,提高患者生活质量,效果显著,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

Metastatic stage vs complications at radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy

BackgroundTo investigate perioperative complication rates at radical nephrectomy (RN) according to inferior vena cava thrombectomy (IVC-T) status and stage (metastatic vs non-metastatic) within kidney cancer patients.Materials and methodsWe ascertained perioperative complication rates within the National Inpatient Sample database (2016–2019). First, log-link linear Generalized Estimating Equation function (GEE) regression models (adjusted for hospital clustering and weighted for discharge disposition) tested complication rates in IVC-T patients, according to metastatic stage. Subsequently, a subgroup analysis relied on RN patients with or without IVC-T. Here, multivariable logistic regression models tested complication rates in RN patients according to IVC-T status, after propensity score matching including metastatic stage.ResultsOf 26,299 RN patients, 461 (2%) patients underwent IVC-T. Of those, 252 (55%) were non-metastatic vs 209 (45%) were metastatic. Rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), transfusion, cardiac, thromboembolic and other medical complications in non-metastatic vs metastatic patients were 40 vs 40%, 25 vs 22%, 21 vs 23%, 19 vs 14% and 38 vs 40%, respectively (all p ≥ 0.2). Metastatic stage in IVC-T patients did not predict differences in complications in log-link linear GEE regression models (all p > 0.1). However, in logistic regression models with propensity score matching, relying on the overall cohort of RN patients, IVC-T status was associated with higher complication rates (all p < 0.001): AKI (Odds ratio [OR]:2.60; 95%-CI [95%-Confidence interval: 1.97–3.44), transfusions (OR:2.40; 95%-CI: 1.72–3.36), cardiac (OR:2.27; 95%-CI: 1.49–3.47), thromboembolic (OR:9.07; 95%-CI: 5.21–16.58) and other medical complications (OR:2.01; 95%-CI: 1.52–2.66).ConclusionsThe current analyses indicate that presence of concomitant IVC-T is associated with higher complication rate at RN. Conversely, metastatic stage has no effect on recorded complication rates.     

EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2020 Update. Part 1: Screening,Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent

ObjectiveTo present a summary of the 2020 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa).Evidence acquisitionThe panel performed a literature review of new data, covering the time frame between 2016 and 2020. The guidelines were updated and a strength rating for each recommendation was added based on a systematic review of the evidence.Evidence synthesisA risk-adapted strategy for identifying men who may develop PCa is advised, generally commencing at 50 yr of age and based on individualised life expectancy. Risk-adapted screening should be offered to men at increased risk from the age of 45 yr and to breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation carriers, who have been confirmed to be at risk of early and aggressive disease (mainly BRAC2), from around 40 yr of age. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies is recommended. When a biopsy is performed, a combination of targeted and systematic biopsies must be offered. There is currently no place for the routine use of tissue-based biomarkers. Whilst prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography computed tomography is the most sensitive staging procedure, the lack of outcome benefit remains a major limitation. Active surveillance (AS) should always be discussed with low-risk patients, as well as with selected intermediate-risk patients with favourable International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2 lesions. Local therapies are addressed, as well as the AS journey and the management of persistent prostate-specific antigen after surgery. A strong recommendation to consider moderate hypofractionation in intermediate-risk patients is provided. Patients with cN1 PCa should be offered a local treatment combined with long-term hormonal treatment.ConclusionsThe evidence in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. The 2020 EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on PCa summarise the most recent findings and advice for their use in clinical practice. These PCa guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management.Patient summaryUpdated prostate cancer guidelines are presented, addressing screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. These guidelines rely on the available scientific evidence, and new insights will need to be considered and included on a regular basis. In some cases, the supporting evidence for new treatment options is not yet strong enough to provide a recommendation, which is why continuous updating is important. Patients must be fully informed of all relevant options and, together with their treating physicians, decide on the most optimal management for them.     

Locally advanced cervical carcinoma patients treated with chemoradiation followed by radical surgery: clinical response and oncological outcomes according to histotype after propensity score analysis

IntroductionThe aims of this study were to analyze the pathological response, and survival outcomes of adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous (AC/ASC) versus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) managed by chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery.MethodsRetrospective, multicenter, observational study, including patients with SCC and AC/ACS LACC patients treated with preoperative CT/RT followed by tailored radical surgery (RS) between 06/2002 and 05/2017. Clinical-pathological characteristics were compared between patients with SCC versus AC/ASC. A 1:3 ratio propensity score (PS) matching was applied to remove the variables imbalance between the two groups.ResultsAfter PS, 320 patients were included, of which 240 (75.0%) in the SCC group, and 80 (25.0%) in the AC/ASC group. Clinico-pathological and surgical baseline characteristics were balanced between the two study groups. Percentage of pathologic complete response was 47.5% in SCC patients versus 22.4% of AC/ASC ones (p < 0.001). With a median follow-up of 51 months (range:1–199), there were 54/240 (22.5%) recurrences in SCC versus 28/80 (35.0%) in AC/ASC patients (p = 0.027). AC/ASC patients experienced worse disease free (DFS), and overall survival (OS) compared to SCC patients (p = 0.019, and p = 0.048, respectively). In multivariate analysis, AC/ACS histotype, and FIGO stage were associated with worse DFS and OS.ConclusionIn LACC patients treated with CT/RT followed by RS, AC/ASC histology was associated with lower pathological complete response to CT/RT, and higher risk of recurrence and death compared with SCC patients. This highlights the need for specific therapeutic strategies based on molecular characterization to identify targets and develop novel treatments.     

中耳胆脂瘤手术ICD-9-CM-3编码分析

手术治疗特别是中耳病变切除联合鼓室成形术是目前根治中耳胆脂瘤最主要的方法,依据2012年版的中耳炎手术分型指南内容,按照手术对外耳道后壁和鼓窦上鼓室侧壁处理方式不同,中耳病变切除具体类型和对应ICD-9-CM-3编码为:完壁式乳突根治术20.4900x009、开放式乳突根治术20.4900x008、完桥式乳突根治术20.49和上鼓室鼓窦切开术20.4900x007等,为避免上述手术编码的混淆,编码员应掌握每种术式的具体内涵。同时对于重要的其它手术操作如鼓室成形术19.4~19.5、耳甲腔成形术18.79、外耳道后壁重建术18.6和乳突缩窄术20.92等也不能漏编和多编。编码员应加强中耳结构和手术知识的学习,当不能确定手术具体类型时,应与耳鼻喉医师沟通,确定正确手术类型和内容时方可编码。     

超声引导下连续腹横肌平面阻滞对开腹直肠癌根治术患者术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的评价超声引导下连续腹横肌平面阻滞对开腹直肠癌根治术患者术后镇痛及早期恢复质量的影响。方法择期全麻下行开腹直肠癌根治术患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄45～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:连续腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和患者自控静脉镇痛组(C组),每组30例。T组麻醉诱导后行超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,分别注入0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml,术毕双侧分别输注0.25%罗哌卡因5 ml/h。C组术毕采用舒芬太尼1μg/ml行PCIA。记录首次下床时间、术后首次排气时间、住院时间和补救镇痛情况;记录术后不良反应的发生情况;分别于术前1 d、术后3 d采用40项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-40量表)评估患者恢复质量。结果与C组比较,T组首次下床时间、肠道功能恢复时间明显缩短(P0.05);补救镇痛率和恶心呕吐发生率明显降低(P0.05)。T组未见腹横肌平面阻滞相关并发症的发生。术后3 d T组的情绪状态评分、身体舒适度评分、心理支持评分、疼痛评分及总评分明显高于C组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下连续腹横肌平面阻滞用于开腹直肠癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果满意,提高患者术后早期恢复质量。     

External Validation of the European Association of Urology Biochemical Recurrence Risk Groups to Predict Metastasis and Mortality After Radical Prostatectomy in a European Cohort

The impact of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical treatment of prostate cancer on oncological outcomes remains unclear. A new European Association of Urology BCR risk stratification (low and high risk) has been proposed. To validate these risk groups, we retrospectively analyzed data for 1125 post-radical prostatectomy (RP) BCR patients (surgery between 1992 and 2006). Univariable Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to test the independent predictor status of the risk grouping on metastatic progression (MP) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). The 5-yr MP-free and PCSM-free survival rates were significantly higher among patients with low BCR risk compared to their high-risk counterparts. In multivariable analyses, the BCR risk grouping reached independent predictor status for MP (hazard ratio [HR] 3.46; p < 0.001) and PCSM (HR 5.12; p < 0.001). Salvage radiation therapy, especially when delivered at prostate-specific antigen <0.5 ng/ml, was highly protective. Our findings corroborate the validity of this novel BCR risk grouping, which is easily applicable in daily practice and could be valuable in decision-making for salvage therapy and clinical trials.Patient summaryThe European Association of Urology grouping for the risk of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy was valid when applied in a European study cohort.     

Active Surveillance Versus Radical Prostatectomy in Favorable-risk Localized Prostate Cancer

BackgroundActive surveillance (AS) and radical prostatectomy (RP) are both accepted treatments for men with favorable-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) (ie, clinical tumor category 1-2b, Gleason Grade Group 1-2, and prostate-specific antigen < 20 ng/mL). However, head-to-head studies comparing oncologic outcomes and survival between these 2 treatment strategies are warranted. The objective of this study was to compare the use of prostate cancer treatments and PCa death in men managed on AS and men who underwent immediate RP.Patients and MethodsThis was an observational study including 647 men on AS and 647 men treated with RP propensity score matched. We examined the 10-year cumulative incidence of salvage radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, castration-resistant PCa, and PCa death.ResultsThe 10-year curative treatment-free survival for men on AS was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57%-65%). No differences in use of salvage radiotherapy (AS, 2.7%; 95% CI, 1.4%-4.1% vs. RP 5.4%; 95% CI, 3.4%-7.3%), hormonal therapy (AS, 6.9%; 95% CI, 4.4%-9.4% vs. RP, 4.1%; 95% CI, 2.5%-5.6%), developing castration-resistant PCa (AS, 1.7%; 95% CI, 0.5%-2.9% vs. RP, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0.7%-3.4%), or cumulative PCa mortality (AS, 0.4%; 95% CI, 0%-1.0% vs. RP, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0%-1.5%) were observed between the treatment strategies. The main limitation was the non-random allocation to treatment strategy.ConclusionIn this observational study on men with favorable-risk localized PCa, we found similar PCa mortality at 10 years between men on AS and men who underwent immediate RP. Moreover, there were no differences in the use of PCa therapies between the groups. Our study supports active surveillance as a treatment strategy for men with favorable-risk localized PCa.