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1.
目的探讨新生儿化脓性脑膜炎近期预后不良的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2015年9月至2021年1月于河北省人民医院新生儿科诊治的76例新生儿化脓性脑膜炎患儿的相关临床资料,根据其6~12个月内转归分为预后良好组(n=46)和预后不良组(n=30),比较两组新生儿的一般情况、出生史、临床特点、实验室检测结果及病原菌类别等情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析近期预后不良的因素,并通过绘制ROC曲线评估各个指标对于预后预测的效能。 结果预后不良组患儿男婴占比(23/30,76.67%)、低出生胎龄比例(13/30,43.33%)、低出生体重(8/30,26.67%)、合并意识障碍比例(13/30,43.33%)、电解质异常比例(9/30,30.00%)较预后良好组高[52.17%(24/46)、2.17%(1/46)、2.17%(1/46)、21.74%(10/46)、2.17%(1/46)],两组比较均差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.62,4.01,9.99;均P<0.05)。预后不良组患儿脑脊液(CSF)白细胞计数[435(165,875)×106/L]、CSF蛋白水平[1.54(0.90,2.38)g/L]均高于预后良好组[78(32,305)×106/L,0.70(0.57,1.02)g/L)],CSF葡萄糖/血糖比值[0.37(0.27,0.53)]低于预后良好组[0.54(0.46,0.68)],两组比较均差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.78,-4.72,-3.26;均P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,CSF白细胞计数、CSF蛋白水平、CSF葡萄糖/血糖比值是提示预后不良的危险因素(OR=1.002,2.840,0.056;均P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,CSF白细胞计数、CSF蛋白水平、CSF葡萄糖/血糖比值及三者联合模型曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.800,0.822,0.769,0.879。 结论CSF白细胞计数高、CSF葡萄糖/血糖比值低、CSF蛋白水平高是提示新生儿化脓性脑膜炎近期预后不良的独立危险因素。  相似文献   
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BackgroundCryptococcus neoformans infections occur in immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV infection, chemoradiotherapy after cancer, and organ transplantation. Infection can cause pneumonia and meningoencephalitis in severe cases with a high mortality rate if not treated. Although fluconazole and amphotericin B are the first-line treatments for cryptococcosis, the rate of fluconazole resistance has increased significantly due to long-term use. Minocycline is a derivative of tetracycline that exerts its antibacterial effect through inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. It is also able to pass the blood-brain barrier to act on the central nervous system. The present study investigates the effects of minocycline in combination with antifungals in treating C. neoformans.ObjectiveTo determine in vitro interactions of minocycline combined with itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B against C. neoformans.MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antifungals were determined by the CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 microdilution method. The in vitro synergistic effects of minocycline combined with itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B on C. neoformans were detected by the broth microdilution checkerboard technique and disk diffusion testing.Results and ConclusionThe working concentration ranges were 0.125–4 µg/mL for itraconazole, 0.03–0.125 µg/ml for voriconazole, 0.03–1 µg/ml for posaconazole, 0.25–16 µg/ml for fluconazole, and 0.125–2 µg/ml for amphotericin B. The synergistic rates of minocycline combinations against C. neoformans were 55% with itraconazole, 10% with voriconazole, 85% with posaconazole, 20% with fluconazole, and 70% with amphotericin B. The effective MIC value of minocycline in the synergistic combination decreased to 2–32 µg/ml, while the MIC of itraconazole decreased to 0.03–0.125 µg/ml, voriconazole 0.03–0.125 µg/ml, posaconazole 0.03–0.125 µg/ml, 0.125–4 µg/ml fluconazole, and 0.06–0.50 µg/ml amphotericin B. The disk diffusion assay showed that the plates containing minocycline and antifungal drugs produced inhibition zones with diameters larger than the single drug plates. Minocycline showed no antagonistic effect in the combinations. In conclusion, the combination of minocycline and azoles or amphotericin B has synergistic effects against C. neoformans in vitro.  相似文献   
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An 81-year-old man with a history of gingival bleeding presented with a fever, headache, and drowsiness. His mouth and full dentures were unsanitary. Laboratory tests revealed Streptococcus oralis meningitis caused by odontogenic bacteremia. We reviewed eight reported cases, including the present case, because S. oralis meningitis is rare. Our review indicated that S. oralis meningitis needs to be considered when encountering cases of a fever, disturbance of consciousness, and headache with episodes of possible odontogenic bacteremia.  相似文献   
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Determinants of tuberculosis (TB) syringomyelia, its management options and outcomes are still under investigation. The aim of this study is to present a case of TB syringomyelia with markedly improved symptoms status-post surgery and to understand the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 33 TB syringomyelia cases reported in the literature. Specifically, we examined the differences between patients who were managed medically and those who underwent surgical intervention. Inclusion criteria for the cases were (1) syringomyelia caused by TB infection rather than co-occurrence of these conditions, (2) management protocol described, and (3) post-treatment outcome described. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range (IQR): 23–40) with 55% males. The median time between TB onset to syringomyelia diagnosis was 2 years. Nineteen patients were surgically treated, 11 were medically treated, and 3 received no treatment. Twenty-one patients showed improvement in at least one prior symptom, but no patient experienced a full recovery. Those that underwent surgical intervention were more likely to have TB meningitis (95% vs. 64%, p < 0.05) upon initial TB presentation and have a greater interval between TB onset and syringomyelia presentation (median of 2.6 vs. 0.33 years, ns). A greater proportion of the surgically managed patients experienced improvement in any symptom (74% vs. 45%, ns). Future case-controlled studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate and further understand the outcomes of surgically-managed TB syringomyelia.  相似文献   
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Psychosis is a common and intractable disorder of hospitalization, especially in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Along with the widely use of multiple antibiotics in community-acquired infection and hospital-acquired infection, the occurrence of antibiotic-associated neurological disorders has become more frequently. However, antibiotic neurotoxicity is often overlooked or misinterpreted. In this review, we summarized the neurological disorders caused by antibacterial agent usage and firstly systematically formulated the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated neurotoxic reactions. Precautions of the complications are critical in preventing serious clinical outcome as the inducement is curable. Regular neurological physical examination, electroencephalogram (EEG) examination, lumbar puncture and therapeutic drug monitoring closely are essential for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨苏州地区细菌性脑膜炎患儿病原构成及耐药性。方法:回顾性分析2011-2019年在苏州大学附属儿童医院住院的细菌性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液培养结果,总结不同年龄段患儿的病原分布特点及耐药情况。结果:535例患儿中,162例细菌培养阳性,阳性率为30.3%;菌种主要为肺炎链球菌42株(25.9%)、无乳链球菌39株(24.1%)、大肠埃希菌36株(22.2%)等。1~3岁组阳性率为53.6%,均高于其他各年龄组(P均<0.05)。革兰阴性杆菌组的患儿年龄与革兰阳性球菌组、革兰阳性杆菌组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),年龄越小越容易感染革兰阴性杆菌。新生儿组以无乳链球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,29 d~1岁组病原种类较多,多见肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠埃希菌,而>1岁患儿以肺炎链球菌为主。脑脊液培养前使用过抗菌药物的患儿细菌检出阳性率低于未使用过抗菌药物的患儿(P<0.05)。药敏结果显示,肺炎链球菌及无乳链球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺敏感率达100%;肺炎链球菌对青霉素的耐药率较高,为85.7%;大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松的耐药率分别为66.7%、53.8%、38.7%,对碳青霉烯类(美罗培南、亚胺培南、厄他培南)、酶抑制剂复合制剂(哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦)敏感性达100%。结论:肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠埃希菌为苏州地区儿童细菌性脑膜炎的常见病原菌,不同年龄组患儿检出的细菌构成不同,临床应根据脑脊液培养、药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物。  相似文献   
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