“医信融合”视域下复合型医学人才培养目标及效果评价

培养“医信融合”复合型医学人才是医学高等教育在新时代信息技术发展背景下的历史使命。在引入“医信融合”教育理念的基础上，提出“医信融合”教育的人才培养目标及其内容体系，并据此构建了“医信融合”人才培养质量评价指标，提出了培养效果评价方法。介绍“医信融合”教育人才培养效果的评价方法，对山西医科大学“医信融合”教学效果进行实证分析，从而为“医信融合”教育实践提供借鉴。     

临床护士情绪智力对护士领导力的影响

目的 探讨临床护士情绪智力对护士领导力的影响,为提高护士领导力提供参考。方法 在郑州市5所医院便利抽取925名 临床护士,采用一般资料调查表、护士领导力问卷、情绪智力量表对其进行调查分析。结果 临床护士领导力总均分为4.04± 0.56,解决问题能力得分最高,其次是护理专业能力,得分最低的是评判性思维能力和自护能力;情绪智力得分为55.54±10.33, 情绪智力总分及4个维度均与护士领导力及7个维度呈正相关(均P<0.01)。多元回归分析结果显示,情绪的运用和情绪的调 节为护士领导力的主要影响因素(均P<0.01)。结论 临床护士领导力及情绪智力处于中等偏上水平,两者呈正相关关系,情绪 的运用和情绪的调节是护士领导力的主要影响因素,护理管理者应予以重视并进行针对性干预,以提升临床护士情绪智力,进而 提升护士领导力。     

Delirium do despertar após anestesia com sevoflurano em adultos: estudo observacional prospectivo

Background and objectivesEmergence delirium after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has not been frequently reported in adults compared to children. This study aimed to determine the incidence of emergence delirium in adult patients who had anesthesia with sevoflurane as the volatile agent and the probable risk factors associated with its occurrence.Design and methodsA prospective observational study was conducted in adult patients who had non‐neurological procedures and no existing neurological or psychiatric conditions, under general anesthesia. Demographic data such as age, gender, ethnicity and clinical data including ASA physical status, surgical status, intubation attempts, duration of surgery, intraoperative hypotension, drugs used, postoperative pain, rescue analgesia and presence of catheters were recorded. Emergence delirium intensity was measured using the Nursing Delirium Scale (NuDESC).ResultsThe incidence of emergence delirium was 11.8%. The factors significantly associated with emergence delirium included elderly age (>65) (p = 0.04), emergency surgery (p = 0.04), African ethnicity (p = 0.01), longer duration of surgery (p = 0.007) and number of intubation attempts (p = 0.001). Factors such as gender, alcohol and illicit drug use, and surgical specialty did not influence the occurrence of emergence delirium.ConclusionsThe incidence of emergence delirium in adults after general anesthesia using sevoflurane is significant and has not been adequately reported. Modifiable risk factors need to be addressed to further reduce its incidence.     

Confidentiality and cultural competence? The realities of engaging young British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis into substance use services

Aims: This paper focuses on the reasons for the under-representation of British South Asians in substance use services. Based on a small-scale evaluation of a substance use service that delivers targeted outreach support within two predominantly Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities in the north west of England, this paper contributes to the debate around how substance use services can best engage with young British Pakistani and Bangladeshi substance users.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews (with six staff members, 18 young Pakistani and Bangladeshi service users, and 18 stakeholders and partner agencies), a detailed ethnographic observation of the service, and an analysis of routinely collected quantitative monitoring data.

Findings: The paper highlights the importance of what Fountain terms low threshold/open access services. Alongside this, the paper argues that the building of trust and confidence in a substance use service is a key when it comes to engaging with young Pakistani and Bangladeshi substance users. Yet this necessary process takes time: something that is at odds with the current trend towards short-term funding regimes and ‘quick wins’.

Conclusions: The paper concludes by advocating the need for, not only a diverse range of engagement strategies, but also a longer term approach when it comes to developing and delivering substance use services aimed at successfully engaging with this particular group of substance users.     

住院医师规范化培训中引入Mini-CEX的实践

目的　观察对住院医师规范化培训部分学员使用Mini-CEX进行临床教学的效果。方法选取我院2015级住培学员40名，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组20人。2015年10月至2018年4月，对照组采用传统教学；实验组在传统教学基础上结合Mini-CEX活动，实验组每人在每个轮转科室至少进行2次Mini-CEX。毕业时应用改良的Mini-CEX评分量表、病例答辩和OSCE三种考核方法对两组学员进行测评。针对实施过Mini-CEX的教师和学员分别发放问卷，进行满意度调查。采用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析，组间比较采用独立样本t检验，组内前后比较采用配对样本t检验。结果 Mini-CEX测评显示，两组学员各项临床能力毕业成绩均高于入学成绩，实验组学员毕业成绩优于对照组，实验组学员成绩提高分数大于对照组提高分数，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。病例答辩显示，实验组学员平均成绩为（81.16±3.75）分，优于对照组的（70.13±3.88）分，差异有统计学意义（t= -9.140，P=0.000）。OSCE考核显示，实验组平均总分为（96.300±4.681），优于对照组的（91.775±3.227）分，差异有统计学意义（t=-3.559，P=0.001）。共发放调查问卷80份，其中教师40份、学员40份，结果显示教师满意率达95.0%、学员满意率达92.5%。结论　Mini-CEX应用于住院医师规范化培训临床带教中，有利于提高学员的临床思维、医患沟通和人文关怀能力。     

Single stage immediate breast reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix and implant: Defining the risks and outcomes of post-mastectomy radiotherapy

IntroductionThe objective of this study is to evaluate outcomes and complications in patients with single-stage ADM-implant based immediate breast reconstruction with and without radiotherapy (RT), highlighting the effects of RT on the reconstruction.Materials and methodsThis prospective study recruited 91 consecutive patients who underwent skin-sparing, nipple-sparing or wise-pattern skin reduction mastectomy with direct-to-implant breast reconstruction with ADMs using sub-pectoral or pre-pectoral approach at the two breast units. Early and late complications like seroma, delayed wound healing, wound breakdown, infection, capsular contracture, implant loss and revision surgery were evaluated in the RT and non-RT groups.ResultsIn the total cohort of 91 patients, 29 received adjuvant RT and 62 did not need RT. In the RT group, 3–7% of them had early complications like seroma, wound infections and delayed healing. 20.7% had post-RT capsular contractures which either required revision surgery with autologous flap (6.9%) or capsulotomy with exchange of implant (6.9%). In the non-RT group, 7–9% cases had seroma & wound infections, 3.06% had delayed wound healing and 7.25% had capsular contracture. 13.04% required revision surgery due to infection, implant loss or failure to achieve expectations. The total loss of implants in the cohort was 7.14% (RT group 6.9% and non-RT group 7.25%). The need for PMRT could have been predicted pre-operatively in the RT group in 55.17% cases based on the extent of disease, multifocality, tumour grade and positive LN status on imaging.ConclusionADM based reconstruction in patients anticipated to receive adjuvant RT is always debatable. Though there is no significant difference in the revision surgeries in our study of the 2 groups, the rate of capsular contracture as expected, was higher in the RT group. Hence, pre-operative discussion on the need for RT highlighting the risks and complications will help patients make a better-informed choice.