术中按需喷洒与术前口服二甲硅油 在肠镜检查中的作用研究

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨术中按需喷洒与术前口服二甲硅油在肠镜检查中的应用效果。 方法：选取 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 6 月于萍乡市人民医院行肠镜检查的无明显症状患者 90 例，按随机数字表法分为两组，对照组和观察组各 45 例。两组均 使用聚乙二醇电解质散清洁肠道，对照组术前口服二甲硅油，观察组术中按需喷洒二甲硅油。比较两组患者肠道清洁分级、 气泡分级、二甲硅油用量、肠镜检查操作时间、结肠息肉检出率及患者满意度。 结果： 两组患者肠道清洁分级相比，差异无 统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。观察组患者气泡分级 1 级率为 80.00 %，高于对照组的 62.22 %，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 观察组患者二甲硅油用量为（14.58 ± 2.01）mL，少于对照组的（22.35 ± 2.65）mL，进、退镜时间分别为（8.89 ± 1.14）min、 （8.33 ± 1.08）min，短于对照组的（9.76 ± 1.27）min、（10.27 ± 2.04）min，差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者 结肠息肉检出率、患者满意度为 17.78 %、97.78 %，高于对照组的 4.44 %、82.22 %，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：术中按需喷洒二甲硅油在肠镜检查中效果更佳，可减少二甲硅油用量，提高视野清晰度，缩短肠镜检查操作时间， 并利于结肠息肉的检出，提高患者满意度。     

胆汁槟榔维B1胶囊联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散在肠镜检查前的肠道准 备效果观察

目的:探讨胆汁槟榔维B1胶囊联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散在电子肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用效果。方法:选取2017年1月至2017年12月来我院行电子肠镜检查的180例病人为研究对象，并随机等分为A、B、C三组，A组病人于肠镜检查前6 h口服3盒复方聚乙二醇电解质散；B组病人于肠镜检查前1 d口服胆汁槟榔维B1胶囊；C组患者在检查前1 d口服胆汁槟榔维B1胶囊，并于肠镜检查前6 h口服3盒复方聚乙二醇电解质散。比较三组病人的排便次数、肠道清洁效果、肠道清洁范围、气泡量及不良反应发生情况。结果:C组病人肠道清洁效果、肠道清洁范围、气泡产生量显著优于A、B组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），肠道清洁效果与气泡产生量A组与B组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；排便次数B、C组少于A组（P<0.05），且B组少于C组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不良反应发生情况B组低于A、C组（P<0.05），A组与C组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:胆汁槟榔维B1胶囊联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散行肠道准备可明显提高肠道清洁效果、肠道清洁范围、降低气泡产生量，并且不良反应发生率不高于单独使用复方聚乙二醇电解质散，能够取得更加满意的肠道准备效果，可在肠镜检查前肠道准备中广泛推广。     

揿针、聚乙二醇 4000 散联合生物反馈疗法治疗功能性便秘临床研究

目的:观察揿针、聚乙二醇4000散联合生物反馈疗法治疗功能性便秘的临床疗效。方法:选取102例功能性便秘患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各51例。对照组采用揿针联合聚乙二醇4000散治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用生物反馈疗法治疗。观察患者治疗后便秘症状改善情况及肛门直肠动力、肛门直肠感觉和生活质量的变化,比较2组临床疗效。结果:观察组总有效率96.08%,高于对照组的80.39%(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组便秘症状评分均较治疗前降低,观察组便秘症状评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组直肠最低敏感量、最大耐受量、直肠顺应性均较治疗前降低,观察组以上3项指标值均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗前后直肠静息压、肛门括约肌压力比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组躯体不适、心理社会不适、担心和焦虑、满意度及总分均较治疗前降低,观察组躯体不适、心理社会不适、担心焦虑、满意度及总分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:揿针、聚乙二醇4000散联合生物反馈疗法治疗功能性便秘,可改善患者的便秘症状、肛门直肠动力、肛门直肠感觉及生活质量,提高治疗效果。     

Disengagement of tibial insert locking pin in total knee arthroplasty - A rare failure case report

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) has seen many advancements over the years. One such advancement is development of locking mechanism for polyethylene insert in modular implants. It aims to reduce micro motion and wear problems. Disengagement of locking pin from insert after primary TKA without trauma is rare complication. The author describes a rare case of disengagement of the polyethylene insert locking pin in primary total knee arthroplasty. Disengagement of the locking clip was observed 8 months after index operation without any trauma.     

Demonstration of pharmaceutical tablet coating process by injection molding technology

We demonstrate the coating of tablets using an injection molding (IM) process that has advantage of being solvent free and can provide precision coat features. The selected core tablets comprising 10% w/w griseofulvin were prepared by an integrated hot melt extrusion-injection molding (HME-IM) process. Coating trials were conducted on a vertical injection mold machine. Polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide based hot melt extruded coat compositions were used. Tablet coating process feasibility was successfully demonstrated using different coating mold designs (with both overlapping and non-overlapping coatings at the weld) and coat thicknesses of 150 and 300?μm. The resultant coated tablets had acceptable appearance, seal at the weld, and immediate drug release profile (with an acceptable lag time). Since IM is a continuous process, this study opens opportunities to develop HME-IM continuous processes for transforming powder to coated tablets.     

Lipid based nanocarriers: a translational perspective

Over the recent couple of decades, pharmaceutical field has embarked most phenomenal noteworthy achievements in the field of medications as well as drug delivery. The rise of Nanotechnology in this field has reformed the existing drug delivery for targeting, diagnostic, remedial applications and patient monitoring. The convincing usage of nanotechnology in the conveyance of medications that prompts an extension of novel lipid-based nanocarriers and non-liposomal systems has been discussed. Present review deals with the late advances and updates in lipidic nanocarriers, their formulation strategies, challenging aspects, stability profile, clinical applications alongside commercially available products and products under clinical trials. This exploration may give a complete idea viewing the lipid based nanocarriers as a promising choice for the formulation of pharmaceutical products, the challenges looked by the translational process of lipid-based nanocarriers and the combating methodologies to guarantee the headway of these nanocarriers from bench to bedside.     

复方聚乙二醇电解质散在老年肠道准备的临床观察

目的 比较甘露醇、蓖麻油、复方聚乙二醇电解质散在老年科肠道镜检肠道准备的效果、耐受性及不良反应发生率.方法 选取门诊及同期住院进行肠镜检查的93例老年病人(分为甘露醇组31例,蓖麻油组32例,复方聚乙二醇电解质散组30例),对肠道准备过程中清洁肠道的效果、病人的耐受性和胃肠道反应情况进行比较.结果 甘露醇组、蓖麻油组、复方聚乙二醇电解质散组发生肠胃肠道反应者分别为7例、12例和3例,复方聚乙二醇电解质散组与前两组比较,p＜0.05;不能耐受者甘露醇组、蓖麻油组和复方聚乙二醇电解质散组分别为7例、9例和1例,复方聚乙二醇电解质散组与前两组比较,p＜0.05;肠道清洁度Ⅰ Ⅱ级者甘露醇组、蓖麻油组和复方聚乙二醇电解质散组分别为12例、11例和28例,复方聚乙二醇电解质散组明显优于前2组,p＜0.05.结论 复方聚乙二醇电解质散有明显的泻下作用,病人耐受性好,胃肠道反应少而轻,清洁肠道效果明显优于甘露醇和蓖麻油.     

利那洛肽联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散在门诊患者肠道准备中的临床应用

目的 探讨利那洛肽联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散（polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder,PEG）用于门诊患者肠镜检查前肠道准备的安全性及有效性。方法 选取2020年8月至2021年8月于台州市中心医院（台州学院附属医院）行肠镜检查的150例患者为研究对象,按照不同的肠道准备方法将其分为3L PEG组（50例）、4L PEG组（50例）和3L PEG+利那洛肽组（50例）。通过Boston肠道准备评分量表（Boston bowel preparation scale,BBPS）评价三组患者的肠道准备效果,并比较三组患者的不良反应及对肠道准备方案的满意度。结果 3L PEG组患者的左半结肠、横结肠、右半结肠评分及BBPS总评分均显著低于4L PEG组和3L PEG+利那洛肽组（P<0.05）;4L PEG组患者的左半结肠、横结肠、右半结肠评分及BBPS总评分与3L PEG+利那洛肽组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3L PEG+利那洛肽组患者的首次排便时间明显短于3L PEG组和4L PEG组（F=18.860,P<0.001）。4L PEG组患者的满意度低于3L PEG组和3L PEG+利那洛肽组（P<0.05）,3L PEG+利那洛肽组患者的满意度最高。4L PEG组患者的不良反应发生率显著高于3L PEG组和3L PEG+利那洛肽组（P<0.05）。结论 肠镜检查前使用利那洛肽联合PEG进行肠道准备,可提高患者肠道准备质量,降低服药中的不良反应,缩短首次排便时间,提高患者的满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

Axonal fusion via conduit-based delivery of hydrophilic polymers

Background

Hydrophilic polymers have been shown to improve physiologic recovery following repair of transected nerves with microsutures. Our study was designed to combine hydrophilic polymer therapy with nerve tubes (NT) to enhance polymer delivery to the site of nerve injury.

Methods

Using a rat sciatic nerve injury model, a single transection injury was repaired in an end-to-end fashion with NT + polyethylene glycol (PEG) to NT alone. Compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded before nerve transection and after repair. Behavioral testing was performed for 5 weeks.

Results

PEG therapy restored CAPS in all, but one, animals, while no CAPS were recorded in animals not receiving PEG. Behavioral nerve function was measured using the standardized functional assessment technique and foot fault asymmetry scores (FF). FF scores were improved for the PEG therapy groups on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. However, after expected eventual axonal outgrowth, the benefit was less noticeable at days 28 and 35. Immunohistochemistry of the distal axon segments showed an increase number of sensory and motor axons in the NT + PEG group as compared to NT alone.

Conclusion

These data suggest that PEG delivery via a conduit may provide a simple, effective way to fuse severed axons and regain early nerve function. For proximal nerve injuries in large animals, recovery of axonal continuity could dramatically improve outcomes, even if fusion only occurs in a small percentage of axons.