生理学网络教学的开发与应用

利用计算机多媒体技术，开展生理学网络教学是医学教学的一项重要任务，本文主要从生理学网络教学系统的开发、网络教学的优势和实践应用及思考作简要阐述。     

Sensori-motor Function in Older Persons with Diabetes

Twenty-five persons with diabetes (aged 55–83 years) who were living independently in the community, and 40 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls were assessed for tactile sensitivity, vibration sense, proprioception, quadriceps strength and body sway. In both men and women, those with diabetes performed significantly worse in tests of body sway on firm and compliant surfaces compared with the control subjects after controlling for weight and body mass index. The female diabetic subjects also performed significantly worse in tests of peripheral sensation and strength compared with controls. Age-related declines in sensori-motor function were greater in the diabetic group (r = 0.55–0.75) than in the controls (r < 0.44), while within the diabetic group, duration of diabetes and vibration sense were significantly correlated with sway on a compliant (foam rubber) surface with the eyes open (partial r = 0.52, p < 0.01 and r = 0.55, p < 0.01, respectively). The study findings provide evidence that older people with diabetes have problems with stability and related sensori-motor factors which may place them at increased risk of falls.     

人际交往训练降低医学生心理应激反应的实验研究

目的　探讨人际交往训练降低医学生心理应激反应的有效模式 ,以培养交往手段 ,促进身心健康 ,提高学习效率。方法　从云南中医学院中医专业 2 0 0 0级 8个班 ,41 2名学生中随机抽取 2个班 ,共 1 0 6人为被试对象 ,结合专业学习 ,在生理学课堂教学中贯穿人际交往训练 ,训练前后分别测查 90项症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )和防御方式问卷 ( DSQ) ,并用 Q分类法检验被试课前和课后自我评价。最后 ,对被试和其余 6个班的学生进行生理测验 ,并对测验成绩进行比较。结果　被试在交友信心、乐观豁达、口头表达、积极接纳、说服技巧方面均比训练前有显著和极显著提高 ;且考前心理应激反应明显降低 ,防御方式趋向成熟 ,测验及格率高于其余 6个班。结论　结合专业进行人际交往训练可在近期内改善医学生的心理健康水平 ,有利于提高学习效率 ,深受大学生欢迎     

Electroconvulsive shock effects on food and water intake as a function of prior deprivational state

Two experiments, each using approximately 30 male and 30 female hooded rats, examined the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on water intake as a function of the water deprivation state of the animal and food intake and body weight as a function of food deprivation state. In Experiment 1, half the animals were subjected to water deprivation prior to ECS or sham ECS, and the other half were watered ad lib; in Experiment 2, food deprivation was the pre-ECS manipulation. As predicted, ECS produced a decrease in water intake in the ad lib watered animals but not in the deprived ones. A similar treatment by deprivation interaction was not found for food intake or body weight. In the males, food intake was decreased for one day by the treatment but recovered to a normal level two days following ECS; however, such an effect of ECS on food intake did not occur in the females. Since food and water intake was not differentially affected by ECS and sham ECS in deprived animals, previous cautions regarding ECS effects on motivational states may not be germane to many studies using appetitive conditioning paradigms.     

Mast cell corticotropin-releasing factor subtype 2 suppresses mast cell degranulation and limits the severity of anaphylaxis and stress-induced intestinal permeability

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Relations between various fiber groups of vagal and splanchnic nerves and gastric motility in rats

Gastric motility changes evoked in rats by electrical stimulation of centrally transected vagal and splanchnic B and C fibers were investigated. Gastric motility was slightly facilitated by repetitive stimulation of vagal B fibers and was greatly facilitated by similar stimulation of the C fibers. In addition, vagal C fiber stimulation evoked a transient, initial inhibition of motility. Splanchnic C fiber stimulation inhibited gastric motility, but the B fiber contribution to inhibition was much greater.     

Morphological variability, lectin binding and Na+,K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity of isolated Müller (glial) cells from the rabbit retina

Rabbit retinal Müller cells were isolated by means of papaine and mechanical dissociation. These cells were shown to have a well preserved morphology and to preserve viability for many hours. Intense wheat germ agglutinin binding occurs on the photoreceptor side of Müller cells, especially in the microvillous region. Rabbit retinal Müller cells have a Na+,K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity in the same order of magnitude as brain astroglial cells.     

Regulation of organic cation transport

Transport of organic cations (OC) is important for the recycling of endogenous OC and also a necessary step for detoxification of exogenous OC in the body. Even though the identification and characterisation of numerous OC transporters in recent years has allowed the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying OC transport, elucidation of the regulation of this transport is just beginning. This review summarises the general properties of OC transport and then analyses the literature on the regulation of these processes. Studies on short- and long-term regulation of OC transport are considered separately. Important aspects of short-term regulation have been clarified and the regulatory pathways of several OC transporters have been characterised. Short-term regulation appears to be transporter subtype-, tissue- and species-dependent and to involve transporter phosphorylation. Transporter phosphorylation may alter the affinity for substrates or/and expression on the plasma membrane. Even though several studies have shown long-term regulation of OC transport, the pathophysiological meaning of these changes are not well understood. In this case, regulation seems to be subtype-, tissue- and gender-specific. Further research is necessary to clarify this important issue of regulation of OC transport.