惠州市成人非酒精性脂肪性肝病流行病学调查与干预措施

目的：探讨非酒精性脂肪肝患者进行饮食及有氧运动等干预措施的临床疗效。方法：应用随机分层抽样的方法,对4个城乡居民区的成年人群进行体检及问卷调查,同时完善相关理化及腹部B超检查。选择非酒精性脂肪肝患者100例,随机分为对照组及实验组,实验组患者在硫普罗宁基础上予强化饮食及运动干预,对照组予硫普罗宁。结果：总共纳入2645名受访者,其中非酒精性脂肪肝患者378例,农村人群患病率低于城市,男性高于女性;随着年龄增长,非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率也逐渐增高,其中60-70岁间最高。治疗后,实验组患者的血脂及肝功水平改善优于对照组,且B超结果提示脂肪肝恢复到正常的人群比例也明显多于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：我市成年人群中非酒精性脂肪肝的发病率较高,其危险因素为血脂异常及年龄。通过使用药物结合生活方式的干预,可以有效改善患者的肝功,降低血脂,提高临床的疗效。     

Physical Exercise Helped to Maintain and Restore Functioning in Chinese Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 5-Year Prospective Study of the Hong Kong Memory and Ageing Prospective Study (HK-MAPS)

Objective

This study investigated the potential of physical exercise habit as a lifestyle modification against cognitive and functional decline at the community level.

Dietary program and physical activity impact on biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Objectives

Evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of independently or combined dietary and physical activity programs on the blood glucose values and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes, including participants aged 60 years and over.

Modulation of cardiac mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptotic signaling by endurance training and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia

Background

Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and inhibition of the apoptotic signaling are critically associated with the cardioprotective phenotypes afforded by both intermittent hypobaric-hypoxia (IHH) and endurance-training (ET). We recently proposed that IHH and ET improve cardiac function and basic mitochondrial capacity, although without showing addictive effects. Here we investigate whether a combination of IHH and ET alters cardiac mitochondrial vulnerability to MPTP and related apoptotic signaling.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into normoxic-sedentary (NS), normoxic-exercised (NE, 1 h/day/5 week treadmill-running), hypoxic-sedentary (HS, 6000 m, 5 h/day/5 weeks) and hypoxic-exercised (HE) to study susceptibility to calcium-induced cardiac MPTP opening. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D (CypD), adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), Bax and Bcl-2 protein contents were semi-quantified by Western blotting. Cardiac caspase 3-, 8- and 9-like activities were measured. Mitochondrial aconitase and superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and sulphydryl group (–SH) content were determined.

Results

Susceptibility to MPTP decreased in NE and HS vs. NS and even further in HE. The ANT content increased in HE vs. NS. Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased in NE and HS compared to NS. Decreased activities in tissue caspase 3-like (HE vs. NS) and caspase 9-like (HS and HE vs. NS) were observed. Mitochondrial aconitase increased in NE and HS vs. NS. No alterations between groups were observed for caspase 8-like activity, MnSOD, CypD, MDA and –SH.

Conclusions

Data confirm that IHH and ET modulate cardiac mitochondria to a protective phenotype characterized by decreased MPTP induction and apoptotic signaling, although without visible addictive effects as initially hypothesized.     

体育锻炼与大学生健康生活方式现状分析

目的了解体育锻炼与大学生健康生活方式的现状,分析锻炼频率和锻炼持续时间对大学生健康生活方式的影响。方法运用问卷调查法于2013年3—4月对大连海事大学400名大学生进行调查,采用多因素方差分析法对结果进行分析。结果大学生每周参加课外体育锻炼频率偏低,每周参加4次以上体育锻炼的人数偏少（18.4%）,甚至有相当一部分群体不参加体育锻炼（13.2%）;大学生每次锻炼持续时间偏短,有大约1/3学生的锻炼时间不超过30 min（32.5%）;锻炼频率为每周＂从不参加＂和＂参加2次＂、＂参加3次＂、＂参加4次以上＂大学生健康生活方式总分差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,均值差值分别为-7.3548、-12.7018和-14.5305;锻炼持续时间为每次＂小于30 min＂和＂大于1 h＂大学生健康生活方式总分差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,均值差值为-6.5986;专业、锻炼频率对大学生健康生活方式具有主效应（F=8.028,P〈0.05;F=2.920,P〈0.05）;专业和锻炼频率对生命欣赏行为具有交互效应（F=2.105,P〈0.05）。结论锻炼频率和锻炼持续时间的增加对大学生健康生活方式的培养具有促进作用。     

Effect of mild exercise on glycemic and bodyweight control in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective analysis

We retrospectively evaluated the effects of mild physical exercise (P) in a routine clinical setting on glycemic and bodyweight control in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with and without individualized nutritional therapy (D). We analyzed 49 patients who participated in P that measured 2.5 metabolic equivalents and was held once every 2 weeks, compared with 83 non‐participant controls, followed over a period of approximately 1.6 years. With a Cox model, the adjusted hazard ratio for improved glycated hemoglobin by numerical count of P was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.07; P = 0.025). Among four categories – with neither P nor D, only P, only D, and both P and D – the hazard ratios for reduced body mass index were 1.0, 0.87 (95% CI 0.46–1.67), 0.58 (95% CI 0.25–1.30) and 2.17 (95% CI 1.03–4.59), respectively. Even mild physical exercise contributed to glycemic control. The combination of P and D exerted beneficial effects on bodyweight control.     

The effect of a high calory diet on hormonal changes in young men during prolonged physical strain and sleep deprivation

Summary Major changes occur in the serum level of several hormones during 5 days of heavy and continuous physical activities, with less than a total of 2 h of sleep. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the importance of caloric deficiency, energy requirement being about 8,000–10,000 kcal/24 h. A comparison between well fed subjects and those with food deprivation revealed significantly higher levels of (T₃) triiodothyronin, insulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the well-fed subjects, who also had lower levels of growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol, whereas no difference was found between the two groups for thyroxin (T₄). Increased levels were found for T₃ and T₄ in both groups during the first day of activity, with a concomitant decrease in TSH and a subsequent decrease of T₄ during the next 2 days. T₃ decreased only in the low-calory group whereas increased levels were found in the iso-calory group throughout the course. The resting levels of insulin decreased during the course in the low-calory group whereas it increased in the iso-calory group. High levels were maintained throughout the course for hGH. Cortisol showed high levels just before the start of the course and then decreased from day 2 to day 4. No difference was found between the morning and evening levels for cortisol, indicating disappearance of the circadian rhythm. The present investigation has shown that energy deficiency during prolonged physical strain is responsible for the decreased serum levels of T₃ and insulin and may contribute to the decrease in TSH and the increase in hGH and cortisol.     

Role of circulating catecholamines in the control of pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin release

The influence of circulating catecholamines on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin was studied in volunteers. Physical exercise increased plasma epinephrine by 374 +/- 123% and plasma norepinephrine by 167 +/- 30%, but plasma PP concentrations remained unchanged during standardized bicycle ergometry. Immediately after cessation of exercise catecholamine levels decreased rapidly, whereas PP concentrations increased by 55%. In a second series, epinephrine infusion (5, 25, and 75 ng.kg-1.min-1) increased epinephrine levels by 38 +/- 12, 331 +/- 69, and 1229 +/- 131%, respectively, whilst norepinephrine was unaffected. Neither during nor after catecholamine infusion PP secretion was affected. Gastrin release increased by a maximum of 85 +/- 38% (at epinephrine 75 ng.kg-1.min-1). It is concluded, that (1) changes in circulating adrenaline do not significantly influence PP secretion in man; (2) the PP increase immediately following physical exercise cannot be attributed to a rapid fall of catecholamine levels; (3) endogenous catecholamines are of minor importance in the control of gastrin secretion.     

The influence of penbutolol and placebo on blood sugar levels and insulin consumption in the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (“Artificial endocrine pancreas”)

Summary The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of 40 mg of the beta-blocker penbutolol (BetapressinTM; Hoechst Ltd., Frankfurt/ Main) in comparison to placebo on the insulin consumption on the blood sugar profile in twelve insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) patients. The patients were treated with penbutolol and placebo for a period of three days, and then were examined with the help of the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system.The blood sugar profile and insulin consumption over a 24 hour period was not affected by either penbutolol or placebo, nor could any changes be measured in these parameters when measured after food intake.After a submaximal exercise load on the bicycle ergometer (1 watt per kg body weight) following an evening meal, no difference could be observed between penbutolol and placebo in the above-mentioned parameters. The same was also true for hormonal parameters as STH, ACTH, cortisol, and catecholamines.These findings demonstrated that medication of penbutolol over a three-day period has no influence on the baseline blood sugar profile and insulin consumption or on insulin consumption after food intake during rest and physical exercise.Abbreviations IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes - STH somatotropic hormone - GH growth hormone - ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone - HbA1 glycosylated hemoglobin A1 - mE milli-units - SEM standard error of the mean