Factors associated with the decision of a French hospital to report child abuse to judicial rather than administrative authorities

ObjectivesTwo independent sectors manage the child protection system in France: judicial and administrative protection. The choice between judicial or administrative reporting depends on the seriousness of the case. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics associated with the decision in a French pediatric hospital to report child abuse to judicial instead of administrative authorities.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted. Participants were all the children (n = 83) who were admitted from 2017 to 2018 to the emergency department (ED) and the general ward of a pediatric university hospital in France, and were reported for suspicion of child abuse by the professional teams. The children who were suspected victims of sexual abuse were excluded. Multivariate logistic regressions were used.ResultsA total of 47 children were reported to judicial authorities, and 36 to administrative authorities. Their median age was 7 years. Suspicion of physical abuse (odds ratio [OR]: 21.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5–99.1), cases reported by the pediatric ward team (OR: 9.1; 95% CI: 1.9–43.6), adult person different from parents who accompanied the child to the ED (OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.2–28.6), and perception of parental behavior as inappropriate and non-cooperative (OR: 6.6; 95% CI: 1.4–29.6) were associated with a higher risk of the case being reported to judicial authorities. Data were often unavailable for parental health issues, history of child abuse, and intimate partner violence.ConclusionSome factors associated with the choice of report type were most likely quite subjective. Better documentation and standardization are needed.     

Turkish pediatric residents’ knowledge,perceptions, and practices of blood culture sampling

IntroductionPediatrics is one of the medical specialties in which blood cultures for bloodstream infections are performed very frequently. This study aimed to evaluate pediatric residents’ knowledge and perceptions of blood culture sampling.Material and methodsBetween June 2019 and September 2019, a questionnaire comprising 20 questions about blood culture sampling was sent via email to participants who were pediatric residents at five different hospitals in Turkey. There were 11 true/false and nine multiple-choice questions that assessed three aspects of culture sampling: indications, sampling practice and knowledge, and contamination. The percentage of correct answers was used to calculate an overall score and subsection scores.ResultsA total of 132 pediatric residents [102 (77%) female] with a mean age of 28.3 ± 2.8 years completed the questionnaire. Forty-five (35%) were in their 1st year of residency. Sixty (46%) participants reported that they had not performed blood culture sampling in the last week. There was a negative relationship between years in training and the number of cultures performed (Kendal's tau-b = ?0.297, p < 0.001). The overall median score was 65 (range, 35–90) and it seemed to increase with years of training. The lowest median score was in the contamination subscale and only one (0.76%) participant correctly answered all questions concerning contamination.ConclusionResidents who obtained the majority of blood cultures had the lowest knowledge levels. Therefore, it is evident that the knowledge levels of pediatric residents must be increased in order to improve blood culture sampling practices in centers where they perform blood culture sampling.     

Parental intentions to vaccinate children against COVID-19: Findings from a U.S. National Survey

We examined parents' COVID-19 vaccination intentions for their children, reasons for not vaccinating, and the potential impact of a school/daycare vaccination requirement or pediatrician’s recommendation on vaccination intentions. Two online surveys were conducted in June–July and September–October 2021, before pediatric COVID-19 vaccines were authorized for emergency use in children age < 12 years, with an internet-based, non-probability sample of U.S. adults. Respondents with children (age < 18 years) in the household were asked about their intention (likelihood) of vaccinating these children against COVID-19. Weighted Chi-square tests using a Rao-Scott correction were performed. Vaccinated (45.7 %) versus unvaccinated (6.9 %) parents were almost seven times more likely to have vaccinated their 12–17-year-old children against COVID-19. Approximately 58.4 % of respondents with unvaccinated children ages 2–11 years and 42.4 % of those with children < 2 years said they are “very” or “extremely likely” to vaccinate these children against COVID-19. Female parents were significantly more likely (p < .01 to p < .001) to express lower levels of COVID-19 vaccine intentions. Across all age groups of children unvaccinated against COVID-19, parental vaccine intentions increased with increased household income and education levels. COVID-19 vaccine side effects and safety concerns were primary reasons for not vaccinating children. Strategies including school vaccination requirements and recommendations from pediatricians were shown to increase parental COVID-19 vaccination intentions for some. More research is needed on factors that increase/hinder COVID-19 pediatric vaccine uptake.     

Consensus statements on pediatric atopic dermatitis from dermatology and pediatrics practitioners in Japan: Goals of treatment and topical therapy

BackgroundPediatric atopic dermatitis (PAD) is a pluricausal disease and is frequently seen in dermatological and pediatric practice. Therefore, it is important to find common views in clinical practice and to promote consensus among practitioners. Aiming to obtain common views among dermatologists and pediatricians and to disseminate them widely in clinical practice, we held the PAD Consensus Forums described herein.MethodsQuestionnaire surveys of treatment goals and drug therapy were conducted to prepare topics for discussion at the PAD Consensus Forums. Reaching consensus was defined as agreement among at least 70% of the participants.ResultsAs a result of discussion among 24 dermatologists and 25 pediatricians, consensus was obtained on 7 topics. These topics configure 3 consensus of treatment goals (Attainment targets were divided into the short/medium term and the long term. Attainment targets were associated with the primary evaluation domains of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) roadmap, etc.) and 4 consensus of drug therapy (The number of applications of topical anti-inflammatory drugs in the acute phase and selection and ideal intervals between applications of topical anti-inflammatory drugs in proactive therapy, etc.).ConclusionsThe consensus is expected to help practitioners set appropriate treatment goals in clinical practice and facilitate the choice of drugs for treatment.     

小儿神经专科进修医生培养体会

根据小儿神经专科进修医生自身的特点和进修目的,结合医院和科室的师资、设施以及病员优势,制订切实可行的培养计划。尤其注重以下几个方面：临床与基础理论知识的融会提高;提升临床科研和论文撰写能力;加强医患沟通能力培养;医德医风培养和医疗法规学习。全面提高小儿神经专科进修医生的临床水平、科研能力和综合职业素养,取得了良好效果。     

郴州地区各级医院儿科状况及住院儿童疾病谱分析

目的了解郴州地区各级医院儿科门诊、住院的设置及儿科医师的分布,分析住院儿童疾病的类型,为儿科建设和儿童疾病防治提供帮助。方法调查郴州地区77家医院儿科设置情况,收集2008～2010年各县、市、乡镇医院,民营医院病案统计室疾病分类统计报表及病案首页信息库和出院病人登记本,采用国际（ICD-10）标准分类,用病案统计软件对病案首页信息进行分析。结果 77所医院均设置有儿科或内儿科门诊,单独设置儿科住院部的有23所,占29.87%;儿科与内科一起设置为内儿科住院部的有36所,占46.75%;缺儿科住院部的有17所,占22.08%;儿童医院专科医院1所,占1.3%;注册的儿科医师361名。近3年住院儿童疾病排在前5位的疾病依次为呼吸系统疾病、消化系统、新生儿疾病、小儿外伤、烧伤及传染性疾病,这5种疾病占了总数的63.78%。结论郴州地区各级医院设置了儿科门诊,部分设有住院部,儿科医生相对偏少,在儿童疾病谱中,以呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病为主,要加强此类疾病的防治。     

郴州地区各级医院儿科状况及住院儿童疾病谱分析

目的了解郴州地区各级医院儿科门诊、住院的设置及儿科医师的分布,分析住院儿童疾病的类型,为儿科建设和儿童疾病防治提供帮助。方法调查郴州地区77家医院儿科设置情况,收集2008～2010年各县、市、乡镇医院,民营医院病案统计室疾病分类统计报表及病案首页信息库和出院病人登记本,采用国际(ICD-10)标准分类,用病案统计软件对病案首页信息进行分析。结果 77所医院均设置有儿科或内儿科门诊,单独设置儿科住院部的有23所,占29.87%;儿科与内科一起设置为内儿科住院部的有36所,占46.75%;缺儿科住院部的有17所,占22.08%;儿童医院专科医院1所,占1.3%;注册的儿科医师361名。近3年住院儿童疾病排在前5位的疾病依次为呼吸系统疾病、消化系统、新生儿疾病、小儿外伤、烧伤及传染性疾病,这5种疾病占了总数的63.78%。结论郴州地区各级医院设置了儿科门诊,部分设有住院部,儿科医生相对偏少,在儿童疾病谱中,以呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病为主,要加强此类疾病的防治。     

Recruitment in pediatric clinical research was influenced by study characteristics and pediatricians' perceptions: a multicenter survey

ObjectivesThe aim of this survey was to quantify refusal rates and identify factors of refusal pertaining to studies and recruiting pediatricians in the research recruitment process.Study Design and SettingWe performed a cross-sectional survey on all clinical studies conducted in six pediatric Clinical Investigation Centers in France over an 18-month period. Data were retrieved using a data collection form for the characteristics of each of the studies included in the survey and a questionnaire addressed to recruiting pediatricians. Multilevel models were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsOverall, 145 pediatricians approached the families of 999 children and adolescents for participation in 44 studies. In the 36 of the 44 studies that enrolled subjects, median refusal rate was 12.5% (Q1–Q3, 0–28%). Lower refusal rates were associated with therapeutic drug use as the focus of the study [odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.05], additional hospital stays required for the study (OR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.99), longer duration of the inclusion visit (OR, 0.93/10 min; 95% CI: 0.87, 1), and recruitment by a pediatrician with university teaching responsibilities (OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68). Refusal rate was higher when the recruiting pediatrician perceived the study as generating heavy practical burden for the subject and/or its family (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.45).ConclusionRefusal to participate in clinical research was low and was influenced by factors associated to the objectives and conduct of the studies and factors related to the characteristics and perceptions of the recruiting pediatricians.     

医学模式转变与儿科医生素质提高的伦理思考

为了适应医学模式的转变,儿科医生除了具备精湛的医术外,还必须努力做到:更新观念,改变原有思维方式,改善知识结构、增加人文社会伦理科学和交叉科学的知识,加强综合能力和技术伦理学技能.