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1.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.  相似文献   
3.
Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.  相似文献   
4.
IntroductionWorkplace violence is a crucial problem experienced by health workers who serve at the emergency service. The identification of emergency nurses’ workplace experiences is of importance to the prevention of violence and the development of solutions.PurposeThis study was performed to identify the workplace violence experiences of the nurses working for the pediatric emergency units.MethodA total of 20 nurses who experienced violence at the emergency service participated in the study that was conducted as qualitative research. The data were collected with the semi-structured interview form and were evaluated by using thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes, namely, “the characteristics of violence”, “the causes of violence”, “the approach during/after the violence”, “the consequences of the violence for the person”, and the “consequences of the violence for the profession”, were identified. Nurses stated that they often experienced verbal violence due to patient relatives’ unmet expectations, the failure of patient relatives to understand treatments and practices, and the heavy workload, they endeavored to eliminate violence by trying to communicate with perpetrators of the violence, calling the security staff, and reporting the violence to their managers, and they were individually and professionally affected by the violence.ConclusionNurses are negatively affected by workplace violence. Pediatric emergency nurses should be supported with training programs and policies to be developed for the prevention and solution of violence.  相似文献   
5.
目的:观察压力支持通气模式(Pressure Support Ventilation,PSV)对重症监护患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2017年8月德州市陵城区人民医院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的重症治疗患者60例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予低剂量镇静加气管插管的方式进行干预,观察组患者给予压力支持通气模式进行干预,采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)比较2组患者干预前后的睡眠质量改善情况,采用抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)比较2组患者干预前后的焦虑以及抑郁状态改善情况。结果:干预后,观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组,观察组SAS评分、SDS评分显著低于对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对重症监护患者采用压力支持通气模式有利于改善患者的睡眠质量。  相似文献   
6.
Background and study aimsPregnancy in association with cirrhosis is a rather uncommon and highly risky situation for both mother and child. We aim to study all factors and the utility of liver stiffness (LS) measurement by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse elastography (ARFI) to predict hepatic decompensation in pregnant cirrhotic patients.Patients and methodsWe prospectively recruited 224 pregnant women at the multidisciplinary clinic of liver disease with pregnancy, Cairo University. LS was measured using ARFI (Siemens ACUSON S3000 ultrasound system) during the second trimester and 8–12 weeks post-delivery. The outcome of pregnancy and the incidence of hepatic decompensation were assessed.ResultsOur cohort comprised 128 normal pregnancies, 37 patients with pregnancy-related liver disease (Intrahepatic cholestasis (n = 6), preeclampsia (n = 23), and hyperemesis gravidarum (n = 8)) and 59 patients with an established chronic liver disease not related to pregnancy. In all patients, LS significantly decreased after delivery from 1.19 m/s to 0.94 m/s (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, LS was an independent predictor for the outcome of pregnancy in all patients (odds ratio (OR) = 5.442 (3.01–6.82), cut-off = 1.21 m/s). Patients with cirrhosis, mean LS was 1.57 ± 0.66 m/s and 26 (44%) patients had hepatic decompensation (hepatocellular jaundice (n = 8), ascites (n = 9) and variceal bleeding (n = 6)). In multivariate analysis; LS, platelets, albumin, and bilirubin were independent predictors of decompensation post-delivery and the OR for LS was 6.141(4.32–7.98). The optimal cut off value of LS to predict decompensation was 1.46 m/s (8.4 kPa) with AUROC of 0.827.ConclusionLS can be used to predict hepatic decompensation after delivery in pregnant women with manifest cirrhosis.  相似文献   
7.
ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data concerning the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of G-CSF use on relapse-free and overall survival in 358 consecutive, newly diagnosed pediatric ALL patients uniformly treated at the same institution between April 2012 and April 2020.Materials and MethodsPatients were evaluated in two separate periods, based on the G-CSF treatment approach. All patients who underwent ALL treatment between April 2012 and December 2016 received G-CSF (G-CSF+ arm; n: 245) in the course of the protocol for reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia and/or inducing neutrophil recovery to prevent any treatment delay. No patients after December 2016 received G-CSF, even if they belonged to the high-risk group, and these were included in the G-CSF? arm (n: 113).ResultsEstimated mean relapse-free (106.5 months; 95 % CI 102?110.8 vs 82 months 95 % CI 75.2?88.9; p: 0.794) and overall survival (111.4 months; 95 % CI 108?114.8 vs 85 months 95 % CI 80.4?89.8; p: 0.431) rates were similar between the G-CSF+ and G-CSF? groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that G-CSF use during ALL treatment had no effect on relapse rates or overall survival.  相似文献   
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10.
目的 探讨儿童哮喘风险评分(PARS)和哮喘预测指数(API)对反复喘息幼儿发生支气管哮喘(哮喘)的预测价值,为儿童哮喘的精准预测提供充分的证据。方法 收集100例1~3岁反复喘息儿童的临床资料,分别进行PARS和API评估,随访观察患儿是否发生哮喘,比较两者单独或联合应用的预测效能。结果 PARS预测反复喘息幼儿发生哮喘的灵敏度和特异度分别为54.55%和86.52%,ROC AUC为0.744 (95% CI 0.578~0.909)。API预测反复喘息幼儿发生哮喘的灵敏度和特异度分别为72.73%和52.81%,ROC曲线下面积为0.628(95% CI 0.460~0.796)。两者联合预测反复喘息幼儿发生哮喘的灵敏度和特异度分别为81.82%和44.94%,ROC曲线下面积为0.634(95% CI 0.474~0.794)。PARS预测反复喘息幼儿发生哮喘的ROC AUC略高于API及联合检测,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 PARS和API用于预测反复喘息幼儿发生哮喘的临床价值相当。  相似文献   
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