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1.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
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Effective communication between pharmacists and patients is essential for therapeutic success. The pharmacist's perspective may differ from that of the patient in terms of effective communication. Our study aimed to assess the communication efficiency in the pharmacist-patient relationship from the pharmacists’ perspective. We hypothesize that the community pharmacist's perspective can lead to relevant aspects of patient-centred communication and their profession. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire addressed to pharmacists. A number of 506 questionnaires were collected, evaluated, analyzed and interpreted. The questionnaire focused on the following main issues: degree of job satisfaction, essential skills of a pharmacist working in a community pharmacy, different aspects of pharmacist-patient communication, shared decision-making, patient monitoring plan and other elements related to a patient under treatment (healthy lifestyle, receptivity to counselling, loyalty and appreciation of pharmaceutical services). The pharmacist's efficiency in communication with the patient and professional education were also targeted in the study. There are no significant differences between job satisfaction in women compared to men. However, the job satisfaction increases with the average age. Caregiver, communicator and life-long learner were identified as essential skills of a pharmacist. Pharmacists participating in the study generally perceive themselves as good communicators with the patient. Nevertheless, many particular aspects of communication with patients can be greatly improved. The lack of training in the spirit of the ?patient-centred communication” concept has been identified. Still, more than a third of the respondents are missing the need for professional training. A periodic evaluation of the efficiency of pharmacist-patient communication in the community pharmacy is necessary. The degree of subjectivity of the pharmacist from this perspective and self-sufficiency would be significantly diminished if the pharmacists had access to the results of the periodic evaluations.  相似文献   
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住院患者睡眠不良是一个长期被忽视的重要问题,主要表现为睡眠时间缩短、睡眠质量下降。影响患者睡眠的因 素是多方面的,主要为噪音、医疗护理行为及灯光,而疼痛是影响手术后患者睡眠的主要因素。住院患者睡眠不良绝大多数情 况下可防可治。解决住院患者睡眠不良问题需要多管齐下,包括提高对睡眠问题的认识、强化睡眠诊断、常规评估睡眠情况、 营造良好睡眠环境、降低医院中位声级水平、优化病房护理管理、减少医疗护理行为对睡眠的干扰以及增加必要的非药物和药 物干预。住院患者睡眠不良事关医疗质量和患者安全,需要全社会、卫生行政管理部门、医院管理部门,尤其是医护人员的高 度重视。  相似文献   
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ObjectivesPurposeful SDM posits four modes of shared decision making (SDM). The use of each mode depends on the type of problem of care that is being addressed. We sought to identify how current observer-based SDM measures apply to each mode of Purposeful SDM.MethodsFour coders, working independently, evaluated 192 items pertaining to 12 observer-based SDM process measures. They classified the items into 6 themes that vary across Purposeful SDM modes and then into one of the four modes (weighing, negotiating, problem-solving, developing insight). Disagreements were resolved by consensus.ResultsThe items were classified as pertaining to the following themes: problem (28), roles/participation (84), options (62), preferences (21), decision (15), and evaluation (6). They were then classified as pertaining particularly to the SDM modes of weighing (54), negotiating (5), problem-solving (0), and developing insight (0) modes, with 191 items applying broadly to all modes of Purposeful SDM.ConclusionsObserver-based SDM measures describe behaviors pertinent to all modes but lack items sensitive to behaviors particular to some modes of SDM.Practice ImplicationsNew or revised observer-based measures of the SDM process could help estimate the extent to which the appropriate SDM mode is being used to address the patient’s problem.  相似文献   
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目的了解门诊患儿家长对雾化吸入疗法的认知水平,认同度及知识需求情况,为制定有效的健康教育方法,提高患儿家长护理满意度提供参考依据。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法,选取2020年3月—2021年3月在清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院儿科门诊进行雾化吸入治疗的260名患儿家长为研究对象,采用自制的雾化吸入疗法相关知识调查问卷对其进行调查。结果本研究共发放问卷260份,回收有效问卷243份,有效回收率为93.5%。患儿家长雾化吸入疗法认知总分为(50.33±8.38)分;雾化吸入疗法态度总分为(17.86±2.61)分;31.7%(77/243)的患儿家长认为自己非常需要得到雾化吸入疗法相关知识;58.4%(142/243)的患儿家长认为自己需要得到雾化吸入疗法相关知识;67.9%(165/243)的患儿家长首选通过当面演示方式获取雾化吸入疗法相关知识。结论门诊患儿家长对雾化吸入疗法的认同度较高,希望得到相关知识的宣教。护理人员应主要采取当面演示,并辅以视频及宣教手册等方式对患儿家长进行健康宣教,以提高患儿家长护理满意度。  相似文献   
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BackgroundThe patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) is a treatment-response criterion developed to determine the clinical relevance of a treatment effect. Its estimates for some patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in non-specific chronic low back pain (cLBP) are lacking and the stability of PRO estimates between independent cLBP populations is unknown. We hypothesized that these PRO estimates will be stable.ObjectivesTo estimate and compare the PASS for PROs between 2 independent cLBP populations.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (PREDID) and a cohort of outpatients with non-specific cLBP. Using an anchoring question, participants who self-rated their health as “excellent”, “very good” or “good” at 1 month were considered to have an acceptable symptom state. PASS estimates for 5 PROs were calculated by using the 75th percentile method. Estimates were compared between the 2 populations with bootstrap resampling.ResultsA total of 256 participants with non-specific cLBP were included: 135 patients with cLBP and active discopathy from the PREDID trial and 121 outpatients with cLBP without active discopathy followed up in an independent cohort. Overall, 137/256 (54%) participants had an acceptable symptom state at 1 month. PASS estimates were 47.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 40.0 to 50.0)/100 for lumbar pain (0, no pain and 100, maximal pain), 30.5 (30.0 to 40.0)/100 for radicular pain, 39.3 (33.6 to 45.3)/100 for Quebec Back Pain Disability score (0, no disability and 100, maximal disability), 10.0 (9.2 to 10.0)/21 for the Hospital Anxiety Depression anxiety subscale (0, no anxiety, and 21, maximal anxiety) and 6.7 (6.0 to 8.0)/21 for the depression subscale (0, no depression, and 21, maximal depression). PASS estimates did not differ between the 2 populations.ConclusionsOur study provides PASS estimates for 5 PROs commonly used in cLBP. Our estimates were stable between 2 independent populations of people with cLBP. The stability of our PASS estimates suggests that they are relevant for interpreting PRO values in clinical trials and practice. ClinicalTrials.gov no. (PREDID trial) NCT00804531.  相似文献   
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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in severe ongoing blood shortages across the US, despite employment of numerous blood-conservation measures. Massive transfusion protocols (MTP) are one resource-intensive practice that utilize significant amounts of blood products. Alterations to the composition of MTP parameters to conserve scarce biologic resources have hitherto not been examined during the pandemic.MethodsAn anonymous 18-question survey was administered to 115 hospitals with valid email contact information. Survey questions addressed whether institutions have altered their MTPs due to the COVID-19 pandemic and blood shortages, and if so, what adjustments they have made. Additional details concerning potential differences in the number and cycles of MTPs and blood product wastage during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the year prior were assessed.Results50 responses were received (43 % response rate). 10 % (5/50) of institutions altered their MTPs utilizing a variety of approaches in attempt to conserve blood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four additional institutions intend to alter them if it becomes necessary. Following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 24 % of institutions (12/50) reported an increase in monthly MTP activations, while 16 % (8/50) reported decreased activations compared to prior to the pandemic. 22 % (11/50) of institutions experienced increased blood wastage, whereas 16 % (8/50) reported decreased waste compared to pre-pandemic.DiscussionThe results of this survey highlight a variety of mechanisms by which institutions have attempted to conserve blood via altering MTPs. Whether an institution adjusted their MTP does not correlate with changes in blood product wastage compared to pre-pandemic.  相似文献   
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《Cancer radiothérapie》2022,26(8):1034-1044
PurposeAssess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) exploring the use of medical imaging as a therapeutic education (TPE) intervention in external radiation therapy.Materials and methodsExperimental feasibility trial of “RCT” type carried out in a single-center, between November 2019 and March 2020, following adult patients treated by thoracic radiotherapy. In addition to the information usually given, the experimental group benefited from an intervention consisting in the visualization of their own medical images using the open-source software “Stone of Orthanc”.ResultsForty-nine patients were recruited with a refusal rate of 8.16% (4/49). 20 patients were withdrawn from the study for health reasons (COVID), 10 for medical reasons. All the remaining 15 participants completed the process. Although not significant, the experimental group showed a median gain in the perception of knowledge compared to the control group (+ 1.9 (1.6 – 2.2)) vs (+ 1.4 (1.4 – 1.8)), as well as a decrease in scores related to anxiety (? 3.0 (?4.5 - (?2.0)) vs ? 1.0 (?5.0 - 0.0)) and emotional distress ((? 5.0 (? 7.5 - (? 3.5)) vs (? 2.0 (? 5.0 - (? 1.0)) A significant reduction (p = 0.043) is observed for the depression score ((? 2.0 (?3.0 - (?1.5)) vs (0.0 (0.0 – 0.0)).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of the project, with promising preliminary results. Some adaptations in order to conduct a larger-scale RCT are highlighted.  相似文献   
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