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1.
《Pancreatology》2022,22(6):698-705
BackgroundThe functional and morphological recovery following an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children still remains ill understood as research exploring this is limited. We aimed to characterize the morphological and functional changes in pancreas following AP and ARP (acute recurrent pancreatitis) in children.MethodsChildren with AP were followed prospectively and assessed at two time points at least 3 months apart, with the first assessment at least 3 months after the AP episode. Exocrine and endocrine functions were measured using fecal elastase and fasting blood sugar/HbA1c levels respectively. Morphological assessment was done using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging and cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP).ResultsSeventy-three children (boys:59%; mean age:8.4 ± 3.2years) were studied and 21 of them (29%) progressed to ARP. Altered glucose homeostasis was seen in 19 (26%) at first and 16 (22%) at second assessment and it was significantly more in ARP group than the AP group at first (42.8%vs19.2%; p = 0.03) as well as second assessment (38.1%vs15.3%; p = 0.03). Twenty-one children (28.7%) at first and 24 (32.8%) at second assessment developed biochemical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. EUS detected indeterminate and suggestive changes of chronic pancreatitis in 21% at first (n = 38) and 27.6% at second assessment (n = 58). On MRCP, main pancreatic duct and side branch dilatation were seen in 15 (20.5%) and 2 (2.7%) children respectively.ConclusionsMore than one-quarter of children have evidence of altered glucose homeostasis and biochemical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency following an episode of AP. Similarly, morphological features of chronicity seen in some of the children suggest that a fraction of subjects may develop chronic pancreatitis on longer follow-up.  相似文献   
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Hereditary Pancreatitis (HP) has emerged as a significant cause of acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis in the pediatric population. Given that it presents similarly to other causes of pancreatitis, a positive family history and/or isolation of a gene mutation are vital in its designation. Inheritance patterns remain complex, but mutations involving the PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR and CTRC genes are commonly implicated. Since being first described in 1952, dozens of genetic alterations that modify the action of pancreatic enzymes have been identified. Among children, these variants have been isolated in more than 50% of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Recent research has noted that such mutations in PRSS1, SPINK1 and CFTR genes are also associated with a faster progression from acute pancreatitis to chronic pancreatitis. Patients with HP are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Management follows a multi-disciplinary approach with avoidance of triggers, surveillance of associated conditions, treatment of pancreatic insufficiency and use of endoscopic and surgical interventions for complications. With significant sequela, morbidity and a progressive nature, a thorough understanding of the etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnostic evaluation, current management strategies and future research considerations for this evolving disease entity in pediatrics is warranted.  相似文献   
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The COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken to combat it have greatly impacted the health infrastructure of all nations. Here we present a rare case of leptospirosis with severe acute pancreatitis, bilateral peripheral gangrene, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and multiorgan failure. This is a rare presentation of leptospirosis wherein the patient had no history suggestive of acquisition of leptospires. The patient was started on doxycycline but still could not be saved due to the multisystem involvement.  相似文献   
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目的研究大黄附子汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)小鼠肠道微皱褶细胞(M细胞)变化的影响,为大黄附子汤临床防治SAP提供理论基础。 方法选取40只健康SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,随机分为4组(每组10只):空白对照组、大黄附子汤对照组、SAP组、大黄附子汤治疗组,其中SAP组和大黄附子汤治疗组分别以3.5 g/kg剂量腹腔注射20% L-精氨酸,空白对照组和大黄附子汤对照组注射等剂量的等渗盐水;于造模后12、24、36 h,空白对照组和SAP组给予等渗盐水0.2 mL,大黄附子汤对照组和治疗组给予大黄附子汤0.2 mL灌肠,均于造模完成48 h后处死取材,使用ELISA检测血清淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-1β及TNF-α含量,取回肠及胰腺组织行HE染色、评分,免疫组化染色检测M细胞特异性蛋白GP2并评分。 结果(1)一般情况:对照组腹腔注射后小鼠一般情况好,精神状态良好,能正常进水,四肢活动自如,行动未受影响;SAP组小鼠腹腔注射后一般情况差,精神萎靡,反应迟钝,行动迟缓,呼吸急促,拱背收腹,饮水减少。(2)SAP组淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-1β及TNF-α水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);与SAP组进行对比,大黄附子汤治疗组血清淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-1β及TNF-α水平出现显著下降(P<0.05)。(3)HE染色:SAP组胰腺及回肠组织坏死严重,可见大量白细胞浸润。大黄附子汤治疗组胰腺及回肠组织轻度坏死,可见少量中性粒细胞等白细胞浸润。(4)免疫组化染色:SAP组与对照组相比GP2表达降低(P<0.05);相较于SAP组,大黄附子汤治疗组GP2的表达水平升高(P<0.05)。 结论大黄附子汤治疗可改善作为肠道免疫应答起始的M细胞数量与功能,增强肠道免疫应答,减轻肠免疫屏障损伤,减少内毒素入血,改善SAP症状。  相似文献   
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背景 中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板计数与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)在预测胰腺炎严重程度上已被证实有一定意义,但目前探讨NLR、PLR对胆源性急性胰腺炎(BAP)及并发肝损伤的诊断及预测价值的研究较少。 目的 探讨NLR、PLR与BAP病情程度及并发急性肝损伤(ALI)的相关性。 方法 选取2019年3月至2021年3月就诊于南昌大学第二附属医院急诊科收治的142例BAP患者,按照亚特兰大分类将患者分为轻症(MAP)/中度重症急性胰腺炎(MSAP)组(n=98)、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组(n=44);根据肝功能是否损伤分为ALI组(n=92)与无ALI组(n=50),其中ALI组再分为肝细胞型肝损伤亚组(n=1)、胆管细胞型肝损伤亚组(n=16)和混合型肝损伤亚组(n=75)。收集患者一般情况及临床资料,通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及二元Logistic回归分析探究NLR、PLR对BAP严重程度及并发ALI的预测价值。 结果 MAP/MSAP组NLR、PLR均低于SAP组(P<0.05)。ALI组NLR、PLR均高于无ALI组(P<0.05)。胆管细胞型肝损伤亚组、混合型肝损伤亚组NLR、PLR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NLR、PLR及二者联合预测SAP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.809、0.667、0.809;NLR、PLR及二者联合预测BAP发生ALI的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.774、0.767、0.806;NLR、PLR及二者联合预测BAP发生胆管细胞型肝损伤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.813、0.742、0.861;NLR、PLR及二者联合预测BAP发生混合型肝损伤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.763、0.770、0.794。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,NLR升高是SAP的危险因素〔OR=1.184,95%CI(1.102,1.271),P<0.001〕;NLR和PLR升高是BAP发生ALI的危险因素〔OR=1.140,95%CI(1.050,1.238),P=0.002;OR=1.007,95%CI(1.001,1.013),P=0.023〕;NLR升高是BAP发生胆管细胞型肝损伤的危险因素〔OR=1.184,95%CI(1.054,1.331),P=0.004〕;NLR和PLR升高是BAP发生混合型肝损伤的危险因素〔OR=1.120,95%CI(1.120,1.221),P=0.011;OR=1.007,95%CI(1.001,1.013),P=0.034〕。 结论 NLR升高是SAP的危险因素,NLR和PLR升高是BAP发生ALI的危险因素,且NLR的预测价值优于PLR,联合检测效果更好。  相似文献   
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目的探讨CT联合D-二聚体(D-D)在急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)诊断及预后评估中的应用价值。方法选取2016年10月~2018年12月我院收治的重症AP患者84例,所有患者入院后均完善腹部CT检查及血清D-D检测。根据Balthazar CT分级以C级为分界,将患者分为低级组(≤C级)与高级组(> C级);并以D-D=2.00μg/mL为分界,将患者分为低水平组(≤2.00μg/mL)和高水平组(>2.00μg/mL);对上述不同组间患者预后参数进行对比分析。结果 CT分级高级组住院时间明显长于低级组(P<0.05),死亡率明显高于低级组(P<0.05),两组ICU入住率、中转手术率对比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。D-D高水平组死亡率明显高于低水平组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,D-D水平与Balthazar CT分级呈正相关(r=0.368,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,Balthazar CT分级、D-D及二者联合预测重症AP患者死亡的曲线下面积分别为0.660 (95%CI:0.507~0.813)、0.669 (95%CI:0.558~0.780)、0.757 (95%CI:0.614~0.900)。结论 Balthazar CT分级、D-D均可对重症AP患者预后进行判断,二者联合可提高预估价值。  相似文献   
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BACKGROUNDRecurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) may be a presenting feature of and an indication for resection of pancreatic cysts, including intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Few data are available regarding the prevalence of malignancy and post-operative RAP in this population.AIMTo study the role of resection to help prevent RAP and analyze if presentation as RAP would be a predictor for malignancy.METHODSThis retrospective study assessed 172 patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms at a university hospital between 2002 and 2016. The prevalence of preoperative high-risk cyst features, and of neoplasia was compared between patients with and without RAP. To identify the cause of pancreatitis, all the patients had a detailed history of alcohol, smoking, medications obtained, and had cross-sectional imaging (contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) and endoscopic ultrasound to look for gallstone etiology and other structural causes for pancreatitis. The incidence of RAP post-resection was the primary outcome.RESULTSIPMN accounted for 101 cases (58.7%) {[branch duct (BD) 59 (34.3%), main duct (MD) 42] (24.4%)}. Twenty-nine (16.9%) presented with RAP (mean 2.2 episodes): 15 had BD-IPMN, 8 MD-IPMN, 5 mucinous cystic neoplasm and 1 serous cystic neoplasm. Malignancy was similar among those with vs without RAP for all patients [6/29 (20.7%) vs 24/143 (16.8%)] and IPMN patients [6/23 (26.1%) vs 23/78 (29.5%)], although tended to be higher with RAP in BD-IPMN, [5/15 (33.3%) vs 3/44 (6.8%), P = 0.04]. At mean follow-up of 7.2 years, 1 (3.4%) RAP patient had post-resection RAP. The mean episodes of acute pancreatitis before vs after surgery were 3.4 vs 0.02 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONMalignancy was not increased in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms who have RAP compared to those without RAP. In addition, specific cyst charac-teristics were not clearly associated with RAP. The incidence of RAP was markedly decreased in almost all patients following cyst resection.  相似文献   
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