Robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection. Description of the surgical technique and analysis of early outcomes

BackgroundDespite the potential benefits, the adoption of the minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer is still in the initial phase. We investigated the safety and feasibility of the robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with venous resection/reconstruction (RPD SMV/PV).MethodsSince March 2013 to October 2019, a total of 73 RPD and 10 RPD SMV/PV were performed. The two groups were case-matched according to the preoperative characteristics.ResultsMean operative times and estimated blood loss were less in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (525 vs 642 min, p = 0.003 and 290 vs 620 ml, p = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was similar in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (10 days vs 13 days, p = 0.313). The two groups had similar overall postoperative morbidity rate (57.5% vs 60%, p = 0.686), although the severe complication rate was lower in the RPD group (11% vs 40%, p = 0.004).ConclusionsRPD with SMV-PV is associated with increased operative time, estimated blood loss, higher major complication rate compared with RPD.     

Amylase level after pancreaticoduodenectomy in predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula

BackgroundIt is new clinical interest higher serum amylase level with pancreatitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) correlates with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Nevertheless, its evidence and study were scarce. We aimed to investigate correlation of serum amylase level immediate after PD and POPF occurrence.MethodsOf 163 patients who underwent PD at between January 2009 and December 2019, retrospective analysis was conducted to identify risk factors including serum amylase level immediate after PD for POPF occurrence.ResultsOverall incidence of POPF (25/163) was 15.3%. The patients occurred a POPF had significantly higher level of serum amylase on POD0 compared to in whom without a POPF (414 vs 253, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, ASA classification, post pancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (POAP, serum amylase on POD0 >285IU/L) and Fistula Risk Grade were correlated with POPF occurrence. In multivariable analysis, Fistula risk grade and POAP were significantly associated with developing POPF.ConclusionIn patients with higher serum amylase (>285IU/L) on POD0 with higher fistula risk grade, comprehensive management to achieve mitigation of POPF is important.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的影响因素研究进展

胰十二指肠切除术(Pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)是治疗壶腹周围恶性肿瘤、癌前病变和部分良性疾病的标准术式。PD手术切除范围广,吻合口多,手术并发症较多。近年来,PD手术死亡率已经由最初的大于50%下降到目前的小于5%,手术并发症发生率也显著下降。PD术后主要并发症有胰瘘、出血、腹腔感染、胆瘘、乳糜瘘、术后胃排空障碍等。其中,胰瘘是导致PD术后早期死亡的主要原因。本文就影响PD术后胰瘘的全身因素、局部因素和手术相关因素进行综述,为降低PD术后胰瘘发生率提供临床可操作性。     

改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合胰十二指肠切除术临床效果研究

目的探讨改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合的胰十二指肠切除术临床效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年3月62例行胰十二指肠切除术(PD)患者临床资料,其中30例行改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术(改良组),32例行传统胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术(传统组)。选用SPSS 20.00统计学软件进行数据分析,围术期相关指标和术后第1、3、5、7、9 d的腹腔引流液淀粉酶水平用(±s)表示,采用独立t检验;并发症发生率采用χ^2检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果改良组出血量明显小于传统组(P<0.05),其余相关围术期指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);改良组术后发生1例胰瘘明显小于传统组9例(P<0.05),其中改良组B级胰瘘发生率明显小于传统组(P<0.05),生化瘘、C级胰瘘发生率、淋巴瘘、胃排空发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者腹腔引流液淀粉酶含量在术后第1、3、5、7、9 d的检测期间内,传统组腹腔引流液淀粉酶含量小于改良组(P<0.05)。结论改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术相比于传统胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术在PD中能有效降低胰瘘的发生率,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

Paraaortic dissection in “total mesopancreas excision” and “mesopancreas-first resection” pancreaticoduodenectomies for pancreatic cancer: Useless,optional, or necessary?A systematic review

The mesopancreas does not have well-defined boundaries but is continuous and connected through its components with the paraaortic area. The mesopancreatic resection margin has been indicated as the primary site for R1 resection after PD in pancreatic head cancer and total mesopancreas excision has been proposed to achieve adequate retropancreatic margin clearance and to minimize the likelihood of R1 resection. However, the anatomy of the mesopancreas requires extended dissection of the paraaortic area to maximize posterior clearance. The artery-first surgical approach has been developed to increase local radicality at the mesopancreatic resection margin. During PD, the artery-first approach begins with dissection of the connective tissues around the SMA. However, the concept of the mesopancreas as a boundless structure that includes circumferential tissues around the SMA, SMV, and paraaortic tissue highlights the need to shift from artery-first PD to mesopancreas-first PD to reduce the risk of R1 resection. From this perspective the “artery-first” approach, which allows for the avoidance of R2 resection risk, should be integrated into the “mesopancreas-first” approach to improve the R0 resection rate.In total mesopancreas excision and mesopancreas-first pancreaticoduodenectomies, the inclusion of the paraaortic area and circumferential area around the SMA in the resection field is necessary to control the tumour spread along the mesopancreatic resection margin rather than to control or stage the spread in the nodal basin.     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy for paraduodenal pancreatitis is associated with a higher incidence of diabetes but a similar quality of life and pain control when compared to medical treatment

BackgroundParaduodenal pancreatitis is a focal form of chronic pancreatitis that affects the groove area between the duodenum and the head of the pancreas. Consensus regarding surgical or nonsurgical management as the best treatment option is still lacking.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all patients managed for PP at The Pancreas Institute of the University Hospital Trust of Verona from 1990 to 2017. The outcomes of surgical vs. medical treatment with regard to pain control, quality of life and pancreatic insufficiency were evaluated through specific questionnaires.ResultsThe final study population consisted of 75 patients: 62.6% underwent surgery, and 37.4% were managed without surgery. All surgical procedures consisted of pancreaticoduodenectomy. The median follow-up from the diagnosis of paraduodenal pancreatitis was 60 (12–240) months. Patients who underwent surgery experienced a similar incidence of steatorrhea (44.7 vs. 52.6%; p = 0.4) but a significantly higher incidence of diabetes (59.6 vs. 10.7%; p < 0.01) when compared to those managed without surgery. There was no difference in terms of reported chronic pain (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, median 0 vs. 1; p = 0.1) and quality of life (Pancreatitis QoL Instrument, median 82 vs. 79; p = 0.2). However, surgical patients reported a worse level of self-care activities associated with glycemic control (Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire, median 20 vs. 28, p = 0.02).ConclusionIn patients affected by paraduodenal pancreatitis, surgery and medical therapy seem to obtain similar results in terms of quality of life and pain control. However, surgery is associated with an increased prevalence of postoperative diabetes with consequent relevant issues with self-care management. Surgery should be considered only in selected patients after adequate medical treatment.     

联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌的临床探讨

目的探讨联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌患者的效果。方法选取2017年3月至2018年9月于本院接受治疗的胰腺癌患者102例并通过随机数字表法分成两组,每组51例。参考组患者采用常规手术切除,观察组患者采用联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术,比较两组临床指标、术后并发症以及术后生存情况。结果观察组患者术中出血量多于参考组,手术时间、术后住院时间均长于参考组(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于参考组(P<0.05)。术后6个月及术后1年,观察组生存率均高于参考组(P<0.05)。结论胰腺癌患者应用联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建胰十二指肠切除术,能提高手术疗效和患者生存率。     

腹腔镜与开放胰十二指肠切除术疗效的对比观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）的手术和肿瘤学安全性,并与开放胰十二指肠切除术（OPD）进行疗效对比。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年6月中山大学附属第三医院胃肠外科收治并行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,根据所行术式分为LPD组和OPD组,对比分析手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数目、术后第1天腹腔引流量、术后排气时间、恢复流质饮食时间、术后发热天数、术后住院天数、术后并发症发生率、1年生存率和复发率等指标。结果两组患者性别、年龄、ASA分级、手术时间、清扫淋巴结数目、病理分期、术后发热天数、术后引流管拔除时间、术后并发症发生情况以及术后1年生存率和肿瘤复发情况等指标差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。而LPD组相比OPD组,术中出血量[（168．2±87．4） ml比（353．5±140．1） ml,P＝0．000]及术后第1天腹腔引流量[（157．7±69．7） ml比（289．1±197．0） ml,P＝0．039]减少,术后排气时间[（4．1±0．9） d比（6．6±3．4） d,P＝0．024]、恢复流质饮食时间[（5．8±1．3） d比（8．2±3．5） d,P＝0．040]、下床活动时间[（3．6±1．4） d比（6．2±1．5） d,P＝0．000]和术后住院天数[（17．0±2．2） d比（25．7±13．8） d, P＝0．047）明显缩短。结论与传统开放手术相比,LPD能够保证肿瘤根治性切除和手术安全的同时,在减少术中出血和促进术后恢复过程方面具有明显优势。