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1.
目的:探讨上消化道出血患者急性应激障碍的影响因素。方法:运用病例对照研究法,选取天津市第五中心医院消化内科同期住院的270例患者为研究对象。通过斯坦福急性应激反应问卷(SASRQ)的调查,将发生急性应激障碍(ASD)的144例患者作为病例组,将未发生ASD的126例患者作为对照组。由专业人员对研究对象进行SASRQ、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和疼痛视觉模拟评分尺(VAS)和一般资料的调查。比较病例组与对照组之间上述指标的差异。对ASD的影响因素进行Logistic 回归分析。结果:与对照组相比,病例组性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、主要照顾者关系、出血量、出血次数、出血诱因、疼痛程度、是否伴有其他症状、睡眠质量、是否恐惧是导致上消化道出血患者发生ASD的重要影响因素;多因素Logistic回归分析显示:性别(OR=0.435,95%CI:0.202~0.938)、文化程度(OR=0.573,95%CI:0.419~0.784)、出血诱因(OR=0.014,95%CI:0.000~0.410)、疼痛程度(OR=0.442,95%CI:0.221~0.886)、睡眠质量(OR=0.531,95%CI:0.379~0.744)为ASD的保护因素,年龄(OR=1.861,95%CI:1.119~3.095)、主要照顾者(OR=1.871,95%CI:1.172~2.987)、是否伴有其他症状(OR=33.219,95%CI:6.069~81.383)是ASD的危险因素。结论:年龄、主要照顾者关系、是否伴有其他症状是导致上消化道出血患者发生ASD的重要危险因素。  相似文献   
2.
目的:观察针刺联合常规西药治疗带状疱疹患者的效果。方法:选取110例带状疱疹患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各55例。对照组给予常规西药(阿昔洛韦片、甲钴胺片)治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予针刺治疗,比较两组治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、中医证候积分、血清β-内啡肽水平、前列腺素E2水平,以及临床疗效、带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率和不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,两组VAS评分和中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为94.55%,明显高于对照组的81.82%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组β-内啡肽水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,两组前列腺素E2水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访3个月,观察组带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率为1.82%,明显低于对照组的14.55%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:针刺联合常规西药治疗带状疱疹患者可提高治疗总有效率和β-内啡肽水平,降低中医证候积分、VAS评分、前列腺素E2水平和带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率,效果优于单纯常规西药治疗。  相似文献   
3.
目的研究医疗器械上市后风险评估的统计学方法,提高风险管理的科学水平。方法参考欧盟医疗器械新法规中即将实施的趋势报告要求,探索趋势分析方法在医疗器械上市后风险评估中的实践运用,举例说明通过历史数据确定控制限和持续趋势监测的过程,讨论实践中面临的问题。结果趋势分析是科学评估医疗器械上市后风险的方法之一,适于在国内推行。结论企业可运用真实世界风险数据开展趋势分析,提升上市后风险预警能力。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.  相似文献   
5.
ObjectivePreterm infants are subjected to numerous painful procedures during their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. Despite advancements in pain alleviation, nurses remain challenged to provide timely and effective pain management for preterm infants. Greater understanding of the lived experience of nurses caring for preterm infants in pain could provide novel insights to improve pain management for this vulnerable population. The aim of this meta-ethnography was to synthesize and interpret qualitative findings of nurses’ experiences of taking care of preterm infants in pain.MethodsAn extensive literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, BIOSIS and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Database was conducted, including studies within the past 10 years. Two nursing researchers conducted data extraction and analysis independently. Inclusion criteria were applied to search for qualitative studies of nurse participants who worked in the NICU taking care of preterm infants. Studies published in a language other than English, articles that did not include qualitative data and qualitative data that could not be extracted from the findings or did not discuss nurses’ experiences were excluded. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for literature quality evaluation.ResultsEight studies remained after further screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. These eight studies were conducted from 2013 to 2018 and totally enrolled 205 nurses from Iran, Canada, the United States, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and Australia. Five themes emerged on the nurses’ perspectives of taking care of preterm infants in pain: 1) They sense the neonatal pain; 2) Adverse consequences of unrelieved pain; 3) Barriers of managing pain; 4) Concerns of available approaches for pain relief; 5) Failure to work with parents.ConclusionsThis meta-ethnography identified nurses’ understanding of pain in preterm infants that can be assessed, and they acknowledged that unrelieved pain could cause developmental deficits in infants. The barriers are lack of training and support on pain assessment and intervention in preterm infants. Optimizing workload and environment, developing age-specified pain assessment and intervention, receiving emotional support and training, and building up a rapport with parents are urgent needs for nurses to provide better care to infants having pain.  相似文献   
6.
目的提高医疗器械环氧乙烷灭菌的安全性和有效性。方法分析材料的耐受性、灭菌温度、相对湿度、环氧乙烷浓度、作用时间、包装材料等关键质量控制点对医疗器械环氧乙烷灭菌效果的影响。结果环氧乙烷灭菌材料的适应性较好,适宜的灭菌条件为温度30~60℃,相对湿度40%~80%,环氧乙烷浓度300~1 000 mg/L,灭菌时间应至少为医疗器械半周期的2倍,包装材料应根据自身产品特点选择。结论生产企业在采用环氧乙烷对医疗器械进行灭菌时,必须准确把握材料的耐受性、灭菌温度、相对湿度、环氧乙烷浓度、作用时间、物品包装材料等关键质量控制点,才能达到预期的灭菌效果。  相似文献   
7.
Smoking cessation reduces the risk of death, improves recovery, and reduces the risk of hospital readmission. Evidence and policy support hospital admission as an ideal time to deliver smoking-cessation interventions. However, this is not well implemented in practice. In this systematic review, the authors summarize the literature on smoking-cessation implementation strategies and evaluate their success to guide the implementation of best-practice smoking interventions into hospital settings. The CINAHL Complete, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, and PsycInfo databases were searched using terms associated with the following topics: smoking cessation, hospitals, and implementation. In total, 14,287 original records were identified and screened, resulting in 63 eligible articles from 56 studies. Data were extracted on the study characteristics, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes. Implementation outcomes were guided by Proctor and colleagues' framework and included acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. The findings demonstrate that studies predominantly focused on the training of staff to achieve implementation. Brief implementation approaches using a small number of implementation strategies were less successful and poorly sustained compared with well resourced and multicomponent approaches. Although brief implementation approaches may be viewed as advantageous because they are less resource-intensive, their capacity to change practice in a sustained way lacks evidence. Attempts to change clinician behavior or introduce new models of care are challenging in a short time frame, and implementation efforts should be designed for long-term success. There is a need to embrace strategic, well planned implementation approaches to embed smoking-cessation interventions into hospitals and to reap and sustain the benefits for people who smoke.  相似文献   
8.
9.

Background

Hyperglycaemia is common in patients with acute brain injury admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Many studies have found associations between development of hyperglycaemia and increased mortality in hospitalised patients. However, the optimal target for blood glucose control is unknown. We want to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis to explore the beneficial and harmful effects of restrictive versus liberal glucose control on patient outcomes in adults with severe acute brain injury.

Methods

We will systematically search medical databases including CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE and trial registries. We will search the following websites for ongoing or unpublished trials: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ , http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ , www.eudraCT.com , http://centerwatch.com/ , The Cochrane Library's CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded and CINAHL. Two authors will independently review and select trials and extract data. We will include randomised trials comparing levels of glucose control in our analyses and observational studies will be included to address potential harms. The primary outcomes are defined as all-cause mortality, functional outcome and health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes include serious adverse events including hypoglycaemia, length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation, and explorative outcomes including intracranial pressure and infection. Trial Sequential Analysis will be used to investigate the risk of type I error due to repetitive testing and to further explore imprecision. Quality of trials will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Discussion

The results of the systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. With the review, we hope to inform future randomised clinical trials and improve clinical practice.  相似文献   
10.
目的探讨腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞对高龄髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛的缓解作用及对认知功能的保护机制。 方法选取2016年6月至2018年5月于海南省万宁市人民医院行单次全髋关节置换术的高龄患者120例,年龄80~100岁,纳入标准:年龄范围为80~100岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级;符合全髋关节置换术相关手术指征;认知功能正常。排除标准:合并严重原发疾病者;合并精神病或神经系统疾病者;依从性较差者;对本研究麻醉方案过敏者。所有患者采用随机数字表法分为两组:全身麻醉组(GA组),腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞组(PCSNB组),每组各60例。比较两组术中情况(麻醉操作时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术中补液量),手术前后血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)水平。采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评估两组患者术后疼痛程度,采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估两组患者认知功能。正态分布的计量资料采用t检验,同一指标在3个以上不同时间点上比较,采用重复测量方差分析。 结果PCSNB组麻醉操作时间显著高于GA组(t=17.74,P<0.001),术中出血量及术中补液量均显著低于GA组(t=7.56、14.59、7.60,均为P<0.001)。术后1 d两组血清bFGF水平均有所下降(t=13.14、6.82,均为P<0.001),但PCSNB组血清bFGF水平显著高于GA组(t=7.43,P <0.001)。PCSNB组术后2、12及24 h的VAS评分显著低于对照组(F=8.03、6.56,均为P <0.001)。术后1 d,PCSNB组MMSE评分及MoCA评分均显著低于对照组(t=3.89、4.58,均为P <0.001)。 结论腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞可减轻高龄髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛,对患者认知功能具有保护作用,可能与bFGF水平有关。  相似文献   
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