Incidence,causes, and management of failed awake fibreoptic intubation—A retrospective study of 833 procedures

Awake fibreoptic intubation has been considered a gold standard in the management of the difficult airway. However, failure may cause critical situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and causes of failed awake fibreoptic intubation at a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted at St. Olav University Hospital in Trondheim, Norway. Problems occurring during anaesthesia are routinely recorded in the electronic anaesthesia information system (Picis Clinical Solutions Inc.), including difficult intubations. We applied text search on all anaesthesia records between 2011 and 2021 and identified 833 awake fibreoptic intubations. The anaesthesia records were examined to identify failed awake fibreoptic intubations, the cause of failure and how the airway ultimately was secured. Among 233,938 patients who received anaesthesia, 90,397 received tracheal intubation and 833 received awake fibreoptic intubation. Twenty-nine of the procedures failed. In nine patients the failure caused loss of airway control with desaturation and hypoventilation. The major causes of failure were dislodged tube after induction of general anaesthesia (n = 8), patient distress (n = 5), tube not able to pass (n = 5), and airway bleeding (n = 3). The situations were primarily solved using direct laryngoscopy, with or without bougie, or with video laryngoscopy. Tracheostomy was performed in four patients. Awake fibreoptic intubation failed in 3.5% of patients, most often due to dislocation, problems passing the tracheal tube, or patient discomfort. The failure rate was higher than in previous studies.     

野外急救多功能气道防护屏的研制

研制一种适合野外急救使用的多功能气道防护屏,以解决气道相关操作时患者呼吸道分泌物喷溅的问题。多功能气道防护屏由一个底部为直角"目"型框架,两个体部为直角"∏"形不锈钢支架,一个双层开放气道体位调节垫和一个透明塑料罩组成,具有可拆卸、可折叠及视野清晰的多功能呼吸道防护装备;防护屏设计具有可调节头颈后仰卧位,能充分显露气道提高气管插管成功率,可提高医护人员安全性和满意度;在防护屏内建立人工气道、实施各种气道护理,可防止患者呼吸道分泌物喷溅,使周围环境处于相对安全状态,有效避免职业暴露及交叉感染。     

Major complications of airway management: a prospective multicentre observational study

We conducted an observational study of serious airway complications, using similar methods to the fourth UK National Audit Project (NAP4) over a period of 1 year across four hospitals in one region in the UK. We also conducted an activity survey over a week, using NAP4 methods to yield an estimate for relevant denominators to help interpret the primary data. There were 17 serious airway complications, defined as: failed airway management leading to cancellation of surgery (eight); airway management in recovery (five); unplanned intensive care admission (three); and unplanned emergency front of neck access (one). There were no reports of death or brain damage. This was an estimate of 0.028% (1 in 3600) complications using the denominator of 61,000 general anaesthetics per year in the region. Complications in patients with ‘predicted easy’ airways were rare (approximately 1 in 14,200), but 45 times more common in those with ‘predicted difficult’ airways (approximately 1 in 315). Airway management in both groups was similar (induction of anaesthesia followed by supraglottic airway or tracheal tube). Use of awake/sedation intubation, videolaryngoscopy and high-flow nasal oxygenation were uncommon even in the predicted difficult airway patients (in 2.7%, 32.4% and 9.5% of patients, respectively). We conclude that the incidence of serious airway complications is at least as high as it was during NAP4. Despite airway prediction being used, this is not informing subsequent management.     

蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合氢定乳膏治疗PICC局部湿疹临床观察

目的观察蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合应用氢定乳膏治疗PICC局部湿疹的疗效。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,选择PICC门诊2014年1月-2018年12月PICC局部湿疹患者80例,随机分为实验组39例和对照组41例,观察组用蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合氢定乳膏加局部敷料开窗法进行护理。对照组用氢定乳膏加局部敷料开窗法,比较2组的临床疗效。结果观察组39例,总有效34例(87.18%);对照组41例,总有效23例(56.10%)。2组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论蒲地蓝消炎口服液联合氢定乳膏治疗PICC局部湿疹的效果优于对照组。     

Assessment and management of the predicted difficult airway in babies and children

Although it is essential to take a history and examine every child prior to airway management, preoperative anticipation of a difficult airway is not totally reliable and therefore it is wise to be prepared for the unexpected difficult airway. Information about the airway can be gained from previous medical records, current history, physical examination and other tests. A natural consequence of airway assessment is development of an airway plan. Important anatomical and physiological features may be identified in an airway assessment which can then have a direct influence on the subsequent airway plan. Managing the predicted difficult airway is usually elective. This allows proper preparation of equipment, assistants, expertise and the environment required for the airway plan. This article will discuss paediatric airway assessment, outline those features that contribute to airway difficulty, and identify indications and risk factors associated with various airway techniques. Key objectives for an airway management plan are to maintain oxygenation and avoid trauma. This involves adopting techniques that avoid hypoxia and provide a high success rate with minimum attempts.     

风险管理在预防PICC相关性静脉血栓中的临床观察

目的：探讨风险管理对降低PICC相关性血栓的应用效果。方法：选取2012年1月-2014年12月PICC置管患者291例作为对照组。2015年1月-2017年12月PICC置管患者568例作为干预组。对照组给予常规护理措施,干预组在此基础上给予风险管理,比较2组在深静脉血栓发生情况。结果：干预组PICC相关性静脉血栓的发生率为0.53 %,对照组血栓发生率为2.06%,差异有显著性( P=0.037),对照组中有1位肺癌患者因血栓而耽误治疗,最终死亡。干预组中3例血栓经积极治疗血栓完全溶解,无相关其他并发症的发生。结论：护理风险管理能够有效预防或降低PICC导管相关性静脉血栓的发生 ,值得临床推广应用。     

Proseal喉罩在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的应用研究

目的探究分析Proseal喉罩在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的具体应用和临床价值。方法此项研究的考察对象为本院妇科于2017年7月—2019年7月期间医治的80名腹腔镜手术患者,经随机方式把这些患者归入参照组(n=40)、试验组(n=40)。前者在手术麻醉中安排气管插管,试验组患者在手术麻醉中安排Proseal喉罩,对比两组腹腔镜手术患者的生命体征(心率HR、平均动脉压MBP)的变化、术中并发症发生率和术后不良反应率。结果试验组腹腔镜患者插罩前和取罩后的生命体征无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组患者插管前和拔管后的生命体征有明显变化,且试验组患者的术中并发症发生率与术后不良反应率相较参照组皆偏低(P<0.05)。结论Proseal喉罩在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的应用相对于气管插管具有更高的稳定性和安全性,能够保证患者血流动力学平稳,且并发症的发生率更低。