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1.
PBL教学模式在预防医学教学中的应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
目的探讨PBL教学模式在预防医学教学中的应用,提高预防医学的教学质量。方法通过问卷调查的方法了解学生对该教学模式的认可程度并对教学效果进行评价。结果PBL教学组的考试成绩及及格率高于传统教学组(P<0.01)。结论该教学法可激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生有针对性地去探索并运用理论知识,以提高分析和解决问题的能力,促进学生对知识的掌握和运用,达到最终的教学目标。 相似文献
2.
The anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, in less than cytotoxic concentrations, caused significant reductions in Ig secretion by unstimulated or EBV-stimulated normal MNC, as measured by PFC or secretion of Ig into the culture medium. Isotype-specific LBL varied in their sensitivity, the secretion of IgA (1 line) and IgG (3 lines) being reduced by phenytoin near therapeutic concentrations, whereas that of IgM (1 line) was resistant. Six-day exposure of MNC to phenytoin caused no selective depletion of or enrichment for B cells, monocytes or T cell subsets. The results suggest that the reduction in serum Ig levels reported in phenytoin-treated epileptic patients is, at least in part, due to a direct effect of the drug on the B lymphocyte. However, among EBV-activated normal MNC, those secreting IgA were no more sensitive to the drug than those secreting IgG or IgM, and other factors may, therefore, operate to cause the preferential reduction in serum IgA in phenytoin-treated patients. 相似文献
3.
L Léger Y Charnay J A Chayvialle A Bérod F Dray J F Pujol M Jouvet P M Dubois 《Neuroscience》1983,8(3):525-546
The distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-, substance P- and enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the cat dorsolateral pons was studied using the indirect immunofluorescence method of Coons. To allow for the visualization of substance P- and enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies, colchicine was injected either in the ventricular space or in the cerebral tissue. The distribution of the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies corresponded with the well-known distribution of catecholamine cells in this area of the brain. The observation of adjacent sections treated separately with tyrosine hydroxylase- and enkephalin-antiserum revealed that most catecholaminergic cells contain enkephalin-immunoreactivity. In addition to this catecholamine-enkephalin cell population, a moderate number of substance P-immunoreactive cell bodies was found in dorsolateral pons. The peribrachial nuclei were found to be densely supplied with substance P- and enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers, whereas the medial subdivisions, which contain the majority of the catecholamine cells in the dorsolateral pons, display a moderate number of immunoreactive fibers. These results are suggestive of interactions between peptide-containing and catecholaminergic neurons and also between-peptide-containing and non-catecholamine-containing neurons in the cat dorsolateral pons. 相似文献
4.
人体解剖学是研究正常人体形态结构的科学,是学习生理学、病理学和各临床学科的基础课程。解剖学名词多、内容繁杂、逻辑推理少,多以描述性语言为主,在传统的教学方法下,如何活跃课堂气氛、调动并激发学生的学习兴趣,一直是困扰教师的一个难题。为此,作者在2006级护理学本科专业的系统解剖学教学中,对传统的教学方式进行了一些改革性尝试,即结合授课内容,进行了小规模、阶段性的以问题为基础的学习模式(problem-based learning,PBL)的教学实践,收到了良好的效果,但也暴露了一些问题。本文就此次采用PBL教学模式的经验和存在的问题进行了总结。 相似文献
5.
Direct estimation of the frequency of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their precursors following in vitro allosensitization 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cell mediated lympholysis (CML) has been proposed as an in vitro model of the rejection process that results from transplantation of allogeneic tissue. To date, the absolute frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CTL.P) have not been directly estimated in man because of technical difficulties. Through optimizing the conditions for radiometric detection of 51Cr release and the attendant improvement in CML sensitivity, direct CTL frequency estimates have been determined in peripheral blood (PBL), spleen (SPL), and lymph nodes (LNC) after in vitro allostimulation using unrelated human cells and limiting dilution assays. The mean frequency of CTL generated from PBL is 1 in 826 cells (0.121% +/- 0.101%) which, from preliminary experiments, is significantly greater than that generated from either LNC or SPL (p less than 0.05). With restimulation of primed cells on day 10, the frequency of CTL generated from PBL was increased 400%. The CTL.P frequency (0.0064% +/- 0.0050%) was approximately 5% of the corresponding CTL frequency. The CTL.P frequencies were found to be minimal estimates as both accessory "filler" cells and T cell growth factors increased the level of detection of CTL.P an average of threefold. The limiting cell dilution assay as detailed in this report should be a powerful tool for defining the cellular requirements and related factors necessary for optimal induction of a CTL response and should provide the means for determination of the immunogenetic requirements and the allospecificity of human cytotoxic lymphocytes. 相似文献
6.
Association between HLA and Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
N Ohta Y K Nishimura K Tanimoto Y Horiuchi C Abe Y Shiokawa T Abe M Katagiri T Yoshiki T Sasazuki 《Human immunology》1982,5(2):123-132
Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were observed to have a statistical association with HLA-DR4, MT3. Strong association between the clinical severity of RA and HLA was also observed. Male patients had a stronger association with HLA than female patients. Males are more resistant to RA than females. This suggested that the threshold of liability for RA is higher in males than in females. Japanese patients with RA with systemic vasculitis were negative for HLA-Bw44 and had antilymphocytotoxic autoantibody, indicating that RA with systemic vasculitis is different in etiology from RA without systemic vasculitis. 相似文献
7.
目的 系统评价PBL教学模式对预防医学生课程教学效果的影响。方法 检索PubMed、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM和VIP数据库,搜集PBL应用于预防医学生教学的RCT研究,采用R软件(3.6.2版本)进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入23篇文献,包括2 108例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,PBL组预防医学生的理论成绩[ SMD =1.13,95% CI (0.65,1.60)]、实践操作成绩 [ SMD =1.27,95% CI (0.91,1.63)]、教学满意度[ RR =1.33,95% CI (1.17,1.52)]、学习兴趣[ RR =1.61,95% CI (1.37,1.89)]、自主学习能力 [ RR =1.63, 95% CI (1.39,1.92)]、团队协作能力[ RR =2.11,95% CI (1.54,2.89)]、解决问题能力[ RR =1.58,95% CI (1.36,1.83)]均显著优于LBL组。亚组分析结果显示PBL联合教学组预防医学生的理论成绩[ SMD =1.27,95% CI (0.46,2.09)]、实践操作成绩[ SMD =1.39,95% CI (0.82,1.96)]、团队协作能力[ RR =2.27,95% CI (1.41,3.64)]均优于单独使用PBL组,PBL在毒理学课程中对提高预防医学生的理论成绩[ SMD =1.44,95% CI (1.10,1.79)]和实践操作成绩[ SMD =1.16,95% CI (0.74,1.59)]效果均较为显著。结论 PBL对预防医学生的教学效果具有显著影响;PBL联合教学比单独使用PBL的教学效果更显著;未来需纳入更多严谨的试验设计来验证其应用效果。 相似文献
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10.
目的探讨PBL-LBL双轨模式在妇产科学教学中的应用效果。方法肇庆医学高等专科学校2008级临床医学大学学生293人随机分为2组:实验组147人,采用PBL-LBL双轨模式教学法;对照组146人,采用LBL教学法。结果两组学生在理论知识方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在病例分析、基本技能及总成绩方面比较,实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 PBL-LBL双轨模式教学法,在系统而深入的学习基础知识的前提下,可提高学生的学习积极性和主动性,培养学生的自学能力和合作精神。 相似文献