祖先·祖籍·宗祠——古代宗族制度下的文化认同

宗族制度下对于共同祖先的祭祀,就是对于共同族源的认同。明清时期流行的祭祀始迁之祖,使人们的祖籍第一次变得明晰而具体可感了。对祖籍的认同过程,是文化身份的建构过程。宗祠的建立,使宗族成员间的天赋的联结获得了一种具体的、形象的符号形式。在宗祠里,我是谁,我从哪里来的完成性身份认同得到了回答。同时,宗族所进行的一系列的族化活动,又决定了宗族成员只能成为谁、会成为谁的过程性认同。     

流动视域下当代家族的民间实态和发展走向

家族经过时代的洗礼,已发生了结构性和功能性的变迁,尤其是家族主体---现代农民赋予的“制度创新”,使家族的内涵和外壳均已发生了形变。家族被复制到城市,血缘网络已经改造成一个吸纳了姻缘（亲缘）、友缘、业缘等大的集合体,但先赋性传统的血缘关系仍然是流动网络的基础和模本。家族成员不再囿于伦理因素和长辈权威,将新的智力、能力、财务等因素融入家族中,其行为的意义图式、文化安排、文化秩序不再以传统的方式进行排列,他们按照能力原则、利益原则等进行新的组合,宗亲间伦理性的约束力量正在不断消减。他们的能动性和创新行为赋予了家族网络以新的内涵,体现了当代家族走势的现代性向度。     

大学生“宅文化”与高校图书馆“阅读疗法”的实施

调查了大学生中存在的"宅"现象,探讨了高校图书馆通过"阅读疗法"帮助大学生"御宅"族树立正确的网络观和人际观的服务策略。     

医院在市场经济条件下运行ISO-9000质量管理认证探讨

目的探讨医院在市场经济条件下运行ISO-9000质量管理认证体会。方法由国家认可的国际认证公司按ISO-9000族质量标准对医院进行全面质量认证。结果医院按照“诚心服务为本，救死扶伤为民，技术精益求精，管理持续改进”的具体指导方针，医院在质量体系的运行与实施中切实发挥了主导作用。结论在市场经济条件下运行能够达到管理持续改进的目标。     

Crystal structure of a Trypanosoma brucei metacaspase

Metacaspases are distantly related caspase-family cysteine peptidases implicated in programmed cell death in plants and lower eukaryotes. They differ significantly from caspases because they are calcium-activated, arginine-specific peptidases that do not require processing or dimerization for activity. To elucidate the basis of these differences and to determine the impact they might have on the control of cell death pathways in lower eukaryotes, the previously undescribed crystal structure of a metacaspase, an inactive mutant of metacaspase 2 (MCA2) from Trypanosoma brucei, has been determined to a resolution of 1.4 Å. The structure comprises a core caspase fold, but with an unusual eight-stranded β-sheet that stabilizes the protein as a monomer. Essential aspartic acid residues, in the predicted S1 binding pocket, delineate the arginine-specific substrate specificity. In addition, MCA2 possesses an unusual N terminus, which encircles the protein and traverses the catalytic dyad, with Y31 acting as a gatekeeper residue. The calcium-binding site is defined by samarium coordinated by four aspartic acid residues, whereas calcium binding itself induces an allosteric conformational change that could stabilize the active site in a fashion analogous to subunit processing in caspases. Collectively, these data give insights into the mechanistic basis of substrate specificity and mode of activation of MCA2 and provide a detailed framework for understanding the role of metacaspases in cell death pathways of lower eukaryotes.     

Analgesic use,parents’ clan,and coffee intake are three independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease in middle and elderly-aged population: a community-based study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world-wide public health problem. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of some controversial potential risk factors in development of CKD. “Community Complex Health Screening” is a large-scale, free, health program for individuals ≥40 years of age that has been available since January 2002 in Chiayi County, Taiwan. A questionnaire was administered to study participants, collecting information on ethnicity, use of analgesics, and life habits. Age, sex, and blood biochemical analyses were considered as potential confounders. A high prevalence and low awareness of CKD were noted in this population. Females with CKD had a lower awareness of their illness than males. Analgesic users had a significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Age (OR?=?1.095), females (OR?=?0.348), fasting plasma glucose (OR?=?1.005), level of uric acid (UA) (OR?=?1.517), and analgesic usage (OR?=?1.512) remained independent predictors of CKD. Multivariate linear regression found that use of analgesics, father’ clan from Fujian, mother’ clan from Fujian, and coffee intake were independent determinants of renal outcome with coefficient of regression (β) of ?0.102, ?0.192, 0.210 and 0.88, respectively. The prevalence of CKD decreased with advanced education. Further, there was no significant difference between education background and analgesics use. In conclusion, analgesic use, parents’ clan, and coffee intake were independent risk factors for CKD in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese. Thus, an effective educational program that increases the awareness of such individuals residing in rural counties is warranted.     

中医临床教学点滴体会

通过总结古代医家"立足临床"的经验,目前临床教学中存在的问题及解决方法等,说明临床教学的重要性。     

吉林省地区汉族和朝鲜族健康人群ACE基因多态性分布的研究

目的 分析我国吉林省地区朝鲜族和汉族人群血管紧张素转换酶(angiotersin converting enzyme,ACE)基因多态性的分布.方法 应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)等技术检测81名健康汉族和96名朝鲜族ACE基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性及其分布.结果 汉族人群Ⅱ型、ID型和DD型频率分别为34.38%,28.12%和37.50%;朝鲜族人群分别为38.27%,19.75%和41.98%,两组ACE基因基因型的分布差异无显著性(P=0.433);汉族Ⅰ等位基因总数为78,D等位基因总数为84,朝鲜族Ⅰ等位基因总数为93,D等位基因总数为99,两组等位基因的分布差异亦没有显著性(P=0.957).结论 中国吉林省地区朝鲜族和汉族健康人群中ACE基因I/D多态性及等位基因型的分布没有明显差异.     

顾氏外科治疗乳腺增生病的传承与突破

顾氏外科治疗乳腺增生病的发展过程体现了传承的重要性,也看到了新的突破。陆德铭教授从顾伯华老先生处传承了调摄冲任的观点,发展了小叶增生方;王小平教授从陆德铭教授处传承了小叶增生方,创新的开展了一种新的外治疗法。顾氏外科是海派中医的一个缩影,正是这种“海纳百川”的胸襟和气度成全了顾氏外科的发展和每一次突破。     

略论宋代宗室的宗法文化特征

宗室是我国古代历史中一个不断发展、完善的社会集团 ,宋代是其阶梯状发展中的成熟时期。在宋代以宗法文化为核心的新型宗法制确立、丰富的前提下 ,宗室成为宗法国家的一个文化象征。他们在道德上的修身自律、尊礼重德 ,在文化上的种学绩文、尊师重教 ,在政治上的忧国忧民、精忠报国 ,体现出宗室鲜明的宗法文化特征。由此 ,宋代宗室不仅为宋代创造出一个无“宗祸”的历史现实 ,而且在其自身不断完善、发展中影响和推动了整个社会文化的大发展