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1.
目的:分析子野个数限值对宫颈癌固定野调强放疗(fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy,ff-IMRT)计划的影响,寻求最优的子野个数限值。方法:选取10例接受ff-IMRT的宫颈癌患者,基于Monaco 5.11.03计划系统,以45 Gy/25 f处方剂量分别对同一患者设计8种ff-IMRT计划(ff-IMRT计划依据子野个数限值命名,子野个数限值分别为40、60、70、80、100、120、130、150),采用SPSS 20.0软件比较除plan100之外7个ff-IMRT计划与plan100剂量学参数、优化时间和治疗参数的差异。结果:8种ff-IMRT计划归一化后,plan40和plan60的D2%、Dmin、CI和HI均劣于plan100(P<0.05)。8种ff-IMRT计划均能较好保护危及器官(organ at risk,OAR)和正常组织。plan40小肠V45;plan40和plan60小肠D2cc,直肠、膀胱V45、D40%,两侧股骨头V40和正常组织 V35、V40均高于plan100(P<0.05)。plan40和plan60优化时间、治疗参数均优于plan100(P<0.05);plan120、plan130和plan150子野面积、子野个数(51~150 cm2和>150 cm2)和出束时间均劣于plan100(P<0.05)。结论:子野个数限值为70~100时,ff-IMRT计划能兼顾剂量学参数满足临床要求、优化时间和治疗参数最优化,建议在设计宫颈癌ff-IMRT计划时在该范围内设置子野个数限值。  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundGiven numerous publications and clinical trials regarding axillary management in breast cancer, we sought to summarize this complex literature to help clarify this field for clinicians. This systematic review focuses on the role of irradiation of the axillary nodes (locoregional nodal irradiation [LRNI]) in the management of the axilla in patients with early-stage breast cancer in various clinical settings.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, the Cochrane library, the proceedings of the ASCO, the ASTRO, the ESMO, the ESTRO, and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (2016–2019) meetings. The quality of the studies was assessed with design-specific tools. The study was registered in PROSPERO.ResultsWe included one systematic review, one individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, and five randomized controlled trials (RCTs). After axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), LRNI resulted in small benefits in breast cancer specific mortality, locoregional recurrence, and distant metastases-free survival but not overall survival. After a positive sentinel node biopsy (SLNB), LRNI may provide equivalent locoregional control and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to ALND with a lower risk of lymphedema. No randomized data is available for the neoadjuvant setting.ConclusionsThe summary of the role of radiation, is relevant to radiation oncologists for choosing the correct cohort of patient requiring LRNI and to surgeons making clinical decisions regarding the timing and type of breast reconstruction offered to patients.  相似文献   
3.

Background

During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related operating room closures, some multidisciplinary thoracic oncology teams adopted a paradigm of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) as a bridge to surgery, an approach called SABR-BRIDGE. This study presents the preliminary surgical and pathological results.

Methods

Eligible participants from four institutions (three in Canada and one in the United States) had early-stage presumed or biopsy-proven lung malignancy that would normally be surgically resected. SABR was delivered using standard institutional guidelines, with surgery >3 months following SABR with standardized pathologic assessment. Pathological complete response (pCR) was defined as absence of viable cancer. Major pathologic response (MPR) was defined as ≤10% viable tissue.

Results

Seventy-two patients underwent SABR. Most common SABR regimens were 34 Gy/1 (29%, n = 21), 48 Gy/3–4 (26%, n = 19), and 50/55 Gy/5 (22%, n = 16). SABR was well-tolerated, with one grade 5 toxicity (death 10 days after SABR with COVID-19) and five grade 2–3 toxicities. Following SABR, 26 patients underwent resection thus far (13 pending surgery). Median time-to-surgery was 4.5 months post-SABR (range, 2–17.5 months). Surgery was reported as being more difficult because of SABR in 38% (n = 10) of cases. Thirteen patients (50%) had pCR and 19 (73%) had MPR. Rates of pCR trended higher in patients operated on at earlier time points (75% if within 3 months, 50% if 3–6 months, and 33% if ≥6 months; p = .069). In the exploratory best-case scenario analysis, pCR rate does not exceed 82%.

Conclusions

The SABR-BRIDGE approach allowed for delivery of treatment during a period of operating room closure and was well-tolerated. Even in the best-case scenario, pCR rate does not exceed 82%.  相似文献   
4.
《Cancer radiothérapie》2022,26(3):502-516
The aim of the review was to present the current literature status about replanning regarding anatomical and dosimetric changes in the target and OARs in the head and neck region during radiotherapy, to discuss and to analyze factors influencing the decision for adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients. Significant progress has been made in head and neck patients’ evaluation and qualification for adapted radiotherapy over the past ten years. Many factors leading to anatomical and dosimetric changes during treatment have been identified. Based on the literature, the most common factors triggering re-plan are weight loss, tumor and nodal changes, and parotid glands shrinkage. The fluctuations in dose distribution in the clinical area are significant predictive factors for patients’ quality of life and the possibility of recovery. It has been shown that re-planning influence clinical outcomes: local control, disease free survival and overall survival. Regarding literature studies, it seems that adaptive radiotherapy would be the most beneficial for tumors of immense volume or those in the nearest proximity of the OARs. All researchers agree that the timing of re-planning is a crucial challenge, and there are still no clear consensus guidelines for time or criteria of re-planning. Nowadays, thanks to significant technological progress, the decision is mostly made based on observation and supported with IGRT verification. Although further research is still needed, adaptive strategies are evolving and now became the state of the art of modern radiotherapy.  相似文献   
5.
6.
Dermatofibromas are benign soft tissue tumors that predominantly affect the limbs, and more rarely the chest. Keloidal dermatofibroma is a rare subtype with distinct clinicopathological features and an aggressive clinical course. By researching the evolution of the disease in this study, we aimed to summarize our experience of managing a rare patient who underwent five surgeries for keloidal dermatofibroma that developed sequentially in the upper arm and chest and propose a novel treatment for keloidal dermatofibroma. We concluded that keloidal dermatofibroma involving larger areas, high tension sites, and multiple localizations can be treated using the principles of pathological scar management.  相似文献   
7.
目的探讨老年鼻咽癌患者营养风险指数对同期放化疗临床预后的影响,为制订针对性干预营养策略提供参考。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2006年11月至2020年11月在广东省某三级甲等肿瘤医院行同期放化疗的老年鼻咽癌患者269例为研究对象,分析营养风险指数与患者临床资料间的关系,并进行多因素生存分析。结果269例老年鼻咽癌患者放化疗前后各项营养指标较比较均下降(均P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,高营养风险是影响老年鼻咽癌患者预后的独立危险因素(HR=2.247,P<0.05),高分期鼻咽癌是老年营养风险指数降低的独立危险因素(HR=0.449,P<0.05)。结论老年营养风险指数适用于老年鼻咽癌同时期放化疗患者营养状况评估,高营养风险可作为预测老年鼻咽癌患者临床预后差指标。临床医护人员应及早采取营养干预措施来改善患者的营养状况及预后。  相似文献   
8.
AimsTo determine the relationship between local relapse following radical radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and radiation dose.Materials and methodsPatients with T2-4N0-3M0 MIBC were recruited to a phase II study assessing the feasibility of intensity-modulated radiotherapy to the bladder and pelvic lymph nodes. Patients were planned to receive 64 Gy/32 fractions to the bladder tumour, 60 Gy/32 fractions to the involved pelvic nodes and 52 Gy/32 fractions to the uninvolved bladder and pelvic nodes. Pre-treatment set-up was informed by cone-beam CT. For patients who experienced local relapse, cystoscopy and imaging (CT/MRI) was used to reconstruct the relapse gross tumour volume (GTVrelapse) on the original planning CT . GTVrelapse D98% and D95% was determined by co-registering the relapse image to the planning CT utilising deformable image registration (DIR) and rigid image registration (RIR). Failure was classified into five types based on spatial and dosimetric criteria as follows: A (central high-dose failure), B (peripheral high-dose failure), C (central elective dose failure), D (peripheral elective dose failure) and E (extraneous dose failure).ResultsBetween June 2009 and November 2012, 38 patients were recruited. Following treatment, 18/38 (47%) patients experienced local relapse within the bladder. The median time to local relapse was 9.0 months (95% confidence interval 6.3–11.7). Seventeen of 18 patients were evaluable based on the availability of cross-sectional relapse imaging. A significant difference between DIR and RIR methods was seen. With the DIR approach, the median GTVrelapse D98% and D95% was 97% and 98% of prescribed dose, respectively. Eleven of 17 (65%) patients experienced type A failure and 6/17 (35%) patients type B failure. No patients had type C, D or E failure. MIBC failure occurred in 10/17 (59%) relapsed patients; of those, 7/11 (64%) had type A failure and 3/6 (50%) had type B failure. Non-MIBC failure occurred in 7/17 (41%) patients; 4/11 (36%) with type A failure and 3/6 (50%) with type B failure.ConclusionRelapse following radiotherapy occurred within close proximity to the original bladder tumour volume and within the planned high-dose region, suggesting possible biological causes for failure. We advise caution when considering margin reduction for future reduced high-dose radiation volume or partial bladder radiotherapy protocols.  相似文献   
9.
AimsOligometastatic disease (OMD) represents a spectrum of clinical scenarios and various classification systems have been proposed. Bone-only OMD can occur in patients with advanced prostate cancer and validated decision-making tools are needed to assist patient selection for metastasis-directed therapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic utility of a classification system for OMD.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients with bone-only oligometastatic prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) since November 2011. SBRT was delivered using CyberKnife® and gantry-based linear accelerator platforms. All patients were classified into oligometastatic states based on the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (ESTRO/EORTC) classification system. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were carried out to determine the prognostic utility of this classification system.ResultsIn total, 105 patients with 145 osseous metastases were treated over 119 sessions. The median follow-up after SBRT was 23 months (interquartile range 10–39.8). Twelve patients had died after a median time of 31 months. The 3-year metastatic progression-free survival was 23% (95% confidence interval 13–32) and the 3-year overall survival was 88% (95% confidence interval 80–96). Patients in a metachronous oligometastatic state were 4.50 (95% confidence interval 1.19–17.10, P = 0.03) times more likely to experience metastatic progression compared with those with synchronous oligometastases, and 6.69 (95% confidence interval 1.05–42.50, P = 0.04) times more likely to experience any failure. Hazard ratio magnitudes increased for patients in a repeat oligometastatic state. The multivariate model for both metastatic progression-free survival and failure-free survival found prostate-specific antigen doubling time <4 months (P = 0.002; P = 0.05) to independently predict for progression.ConclusionThe ESTRO/EORTC classification of OMD predicts for progression in patients treated with SBRT for bone-only oligometastatic prostate cancer at our institution. Further validation in prospective series over multiple tumour sites is needed. These characterisation factors should be assessed in patients considered for metastasis-directed therapy together with established prognostic features.  相似文献   
10.
目的:比较基于Auto-Planning技术的自动肺癌容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)计划与物理师手动设计的常规VMAT计划的剂量学差异,研究Auto-Planning技术在肺癌VMAT计划中的优化性能和临床应用价值。方法:随机选取25例已完成全程放疗的肺癌病例,应用Pinnacle3 V9.10计划系统分别进行基于Auto-Planning的自动计划(AP-VMAT)和常规手动计划(M-VMAT)设计,分析比较两组不同计划的肿瘤靶区剂量分布、危及器官受照剂量等剂量学参数。结果:两组计划的靶区覆盖度和危及器官限量均能满足临床要求。AP-VMAT计划靶区最大剂量略高于M-VMAT,但剂量适形度指数明显优于M-VMAT。与M-VMAT计划相比,AP-VMAT有效降低了脊髓受到的最大剂量和平均剂量,双肺的V30、平均剂量以及心脏的V40、V30、平均剂量都在一定程度上有所降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于肺癌VMAT放疗计划,AP-VMAT能够满足临床要求,且比M-VMAT具有更优的靶区适形度,同时可以有效降低脊髓、肺、心脏等危及器官的受照剂量,更好地保护正常组织。  相似文献   
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