原发性干燥综合征生物标志物的研究进展

目前原发性干燥综合征(pSS)诊断仍然依赖于侵入性小涎腺活检手术,常导致其早期诊断异常艰难,因此筛选特定生物标志物可能对pSS诊断和个体化治疗极为有益。本文回顾传统标志物及与B细胞活化和表观遗传相关的新标志物,并综述组学标志物研究进展。尽管生物标志物前景较好,但其可靠性仍需扩大样本量进行验证。     

药物性肝损伤生物标志物

生物标志物是源于机体器官、组织、细胞、亚细胞器中的标志性和(或)功能性分子,可以标记器官、组织、细胞及亚细胞结构或功能的改变。药物性肝损伤(DILI)一般会临床表型几乎涉及所有急慢性肝脏疾病,其发生发展过程的动态监控一直是基础和应用药理学研究领域面临的巨大挑战。除了传统的ALT,ASP,AST等指标外,目前许多新型生物分子作为生物标志物被报道,组学技术的发展也为DILI检测提供了更多的生物标志物分子,本文综述了导致肝损伤的药物类型,并对肝损伤的生物标志物进行综述,为DILI的研究提供选择和指导。     

基于核磁共振氢谱的组学技术在中药制药过程研究中的应用与展望

中药制药过程工艺复杂,过程控制水平与产品质量直接相关。进行制药过程质量评价与质量控制研究,提高制药过程理解,对保证中药制剂的安全性与有效性具有重要的意义。随着核磁共振技术的发展,核磁共振氢谱已在中药质量评价与代谢组学研究等领域得到广泛应用。本文主要介绍了氢核磁共振组学技术应用于中药炮制、提取等制药过程研究时,在辨识过程化学标志物、研究代谢物在过程中的转化转移规律等方面的应用进展,同时展望了基于氢核磁共振技术的过程组学研究在中药制药领域的应用前景。     

Approaches for drawing causal inferences from epidemiological birth cohorts: A review

Large-scale population-based birth cohorts, which recruit women during pregnancy or at birth and follow up their offspring through infancy and into childhood and adolescence, provide the opportunity to monitor and model early life exposures in relation to developmental characteristics and later life outcomes. However, due to confounding and other limitations, identification of causal risk factors has proved challenging and published findings are often not reproducible. A suite of methods has been developed in recent years to minimise problems afflicting observational epidemiology, to strengthen causal inference and to provide greater insights into modifiable intra-uterine and early life risk factors. The aim of this review is to describe these causal inference methods and to suggest how they may be applied in the context of birth cohorts and extended along with the development of birth cohort consortia and expansion of “omic” technologies.     

Precision health: A nursing perspective

Precision health refers to personalized healthcare based on a person’s unique genetic, genomic, or omic composition within the context of lifestyle, social, economic, cultural and environmental influences to help individuals achieve well-being and optimal health. Precision health utilizes big data sets that combine omics (i.e. genomic sequence, protein, metabolite, and microbiome information) with clinical information and health outcomes to optimize disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention specific to each patient. Successful implementation of precision health requires interprofessional collaboration, community outreach efforts, and coordination of care, a mission that nurses are well-positioned to lead. Despite the surge of interest and attention to precision health, most nurses are not well-versed in precision health or its implications for the nursing profession. Based on a critical analysis of literature and expert opinions, this paper provides an overview of precision health and the importance of engaging the nursing profession for its implementation. Other topics reviewed in this paper include big data and omics, information science, integration of family health history in precision health, and nursing omics research in symptom science. The paper concludes with recommendations for nurse leaders in research, education, clinical practice, nursing administration and policy settings for which to develop strategic plans to implement precision health.     

A vision for exposome epidemiology: The pregnancy exposome in relation to breast cancer in the Child Health and Development Studies

Etiology of complex diseases, such as breast cancer, involves multiple genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. Gene sequencing enabled detection of genetic risks with relatively small effect size, and high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to provide omics level data for exposures is poised to do the same for environmental epidemiology. Coupling HRM to the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS) cohort combines two unique resources to create a prototype for exposome epidemiology, in which omics scale measures of exposure are used for study of distribution and determinants of health and disease. Using this approach, exposures and biologic responses during pregnancy have been linked to breast cancer in the CHDS. With improved chemical coverage and extension to larger populations and other disease processes, development of exposome epidemiology portends discovery of new disease-associated environment factors with small effect size as well as new capabilities to disentangle these from behavioral and other risk factors.