产学研合作模式下长三角生物医药产业一体化协同创新发展研究——基于专利合作及基金项目合作

长三角一体化上升并发展为国家战略后，国内鲜有探讨长三角地区生物医药产业一体化协同发展的研究，长三角作为我国生物医药产业的重要地区，已初步形成产业集群的发展模式。本研究基于专利及基金项目合作的产学研模式，利用社会网络分析方法（SNA）对长三角地区生物医药产业中专利和国家自然科学基金重大项目合作进行分析研究。研究表明，长三角地区生物医药领域的产学研合作还处于发展阶段，一体化程度也有待提高；高校及科研院所更倾向于与企业合作开展发明专利，与高校合作开展基金项目研究。长三角地区三省一市间的生物医药产业发展也存在一定差距，建议长三角地区采取产学研深度融合模式，相关龙头科研机构建立开放式创新平台，医药类高校借助学科优势培养创新型人才，采取“揭榜挂帅”等方式进行关键核心技术攻关。     

Transperineal Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Targeted Biopsy May Perform Better Than Transrectal Route in the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy by using the transperineal (TP) versus transrectal (TR) route in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) remains to be revealed. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2019 was conducted. We pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for csPCa detected by TP and TR MRI-targeted biopsy. The relative sensitivity (or risk ratio) between TP and TR route was synthesized. We also pooled the diagnostic sensitivity of either approach using the combined biopsy results as the reference standard. A total of 328 patients with positive multiparametric MRI underwent TP MRI-targeted biopsy, and 315 patients underwent TR MRI-targeted biopsy. The TP route detected more csPCa, with a detection rate of 62.2% (204/328) compared to 41.3% (130/315) for the TR route (odds ratio = 2.37; 95% CI, 1.71-3.26). After adjusting for differences in cancer prevalence, TP MRI-targeted biopsy detected 91.3% (105/115) of csPCa compared to 72.2% (83/115) by the TR route (risk ratio = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54). The pooled diagnostic sensitivity of the TP route (86%; 95% CI, 77-96) was better than the TR route (73%, 62-88%). The TR approach missed more csPCa located at the anterior zone of the prostate (20 vs. 3). The TP route performed better than the TR route in MRI-targeted biopsy, especially in detecting csPCa located at the anterior prostate. More large prospective randomized or head-to-head comparison studies comparing the two approaches are warranted.     

北京市社区老年人潜在不适当用药的调查分析

目的 调查北京市社区老年人潜在不适当用药(potentially inappropriate medication,PIM)现状.方法 采用自我报告方式,收集北京市社区215名老年人用药信息,根据2019版美国老年人PIM标准(Beers criteria for PIM use in older adults,Beers标准)和中国老年人潜在不适当用药判断标准(中国PIM标准)评价并做描述性分析.结果 根据2019版Beers标准发现66人(30.7%)存在84例次PIM,其中中枢神经系统药物(36例次)、血液系统药物(14例次)、内分泌系统药物(11例次)导致的PIM最多;采用中国PIM标准发现53人(24.7%)存在73例次PIM,前三位分别为:中枢神经系统药物(31例次),血液系统药物(17例次),解热、镇痛、抗炎与抗风湿药(17例次).结论 社区老年人PIM发生率较高,特别是中枢神经系统和血液系统用药需要引起关注.Beers标准和中国PIM标准可相互补充,且需不断更新完善.     

LOC643714 Polymorphisms Contribute to an Elevated Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 231,191 Subjects

BackgroundSeveral recent genome-wide association studies tried to explore associations between LOC643714 polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC). However, the results of these studies were inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to better analyze the effects of LOC643714 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to BC in a larger pooled population.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of associations.ResultsIn total, 42 studies with 231,191 subjects were analyzed. Significant associations with BC were observed for rs3803662 (dominant comparison: OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P = .0008; recessive comparison: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28; P = .0004; over-dominant comparison: OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11; P = .002; allele comparison: OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86-0.95; P = .0002), rs8051542 (dominant comparison: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83-0.91; P < .0001; recessive comparison: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28; P < .0001; over-dominant comparison: OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11; P = .004; allele comparison: OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86-0.91; P < .0001), and rs12922061 (dominant comparison: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93; P = .002; over-dominant comparison: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.27-1.61; P < .0001) polymorphisms in the overall population. Further subgroup analyses yielded similar positive results for rs3803662 and rs8051542 polymorphisms in Asians, Caucasians, and Africans, for rs12443621 polymorphism in Caucasians, and for rs12922061 polymorphism in Asians.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that LOC643714 rs3803662, rs8051542, rs12443621, and rs12922061 polymorphisms were all significantly associated with BC in certain populations.     

Risk Factors for Pressure Sores in Hospitalized Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke patients are a group at high risk for pressure sores. It is important to identify risk factors for pressure sores in acute ischemic stroke patients in order to facilitate early adoption of appropriate preventive and treatment measures.MethodsData were derived from the China National Stroke Registry. Acute ischemic stroke patients aged >18 years who presented at the hospital within 14 days after the onset of symptoms were eligible for this study. Comprehensive baseline data were collected. The definition of pressure sores was based on assessment at discharge of whether the patient had pressure sores at any time during hospitalization.Results12,415 patients with a mean age of 67 years and a mean length of hospitalization of 14 days were included in the study. Among these patients, 97 (0.8%) had pressure sores during hospitalization. In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for pressure sores, age (each increment of 5 years), being unmarried, NIHSS at admission (each increment of 3 points), mRS at admission (3-5 points), diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin at admission (each incremental reduction of 10 units), and history of peripheral vascular disease all were significantly correlated with the occurrence of pressure sores among acute ischemic stroke patients during hospitalization.ConclusionsOld age, severe neurological disability, being unmarried, low hemoglobin, and history of diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease were risk factors for pressure sores in acute ischemic stroke patients.