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Background & aimsPrevious studies have reported the beneficial roles of the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II to many cellular functions associated with human health. This review aims at discussing its activation by exercise as well as its roles in the regulation of unsaturated, saturated, omega 3 fatty acids, and lipid metabolism.MethodsA wide literature search was conducted using online database such as ‘PubMed’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Researcher’, ‘Scopus’ and the website of World Health Organization (WHO) as well as Control Disease and Prevention (CDC). The criteria for the search were mainly lipid and fatty acid metabolism, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of ninety-seven articles were included in the review.ResultsCalmodulin-dependent protein kinase activation by exercise is helpful in controlling membrane lipids related with type 2 diabetes and obesity. CaMKII regulates many health beneficial cellular functions in individuals who exercise compared with those who do not exercise. Regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty acids are crucial in the improvement of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsApproaches that involve CaMKII could be a new avenue for designing novel and effective therapeutic modalities in the treatment or better management of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.  相似文献   
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目的:探索不同功率的水冷激光对于不同种植体表面的影响。方法:收集临床上因种植体周围炎而拔除的不同表面种植体,分别用2、3、4 W 3种不同参数的水冷激光处理,通过扫描电镜(SEM)进行观察比较。结果:SLA?非亲水表面和INICELL?表面3~4 W的激光处理既能很好的去污又不会造成表面损伤;Tiunite?表面和国产MDIC种植体微弧氧化表面在2 W时去污效果欠佳,而3 W与4 W去污效果相当,4 W时会导致表面损伤。结论:随着功率的增大,水冷激光去污效果逐渐加强。不同激光参数对于不同种植体表面的影响不同,其中氧化类表面更易崩解,而喷砂酸蚀表面耐受激光的能力更强。  相似文献   
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目的:研究喷砂和微弧氧化两种金属表面处理方式及树脂粘结剂对钛合金与硬质复合树脂粘结强度和耐久性的影响。方法:应用CAD/CAM技术切削出80个底面直径10 mm、高8 mm的圆柱形钛合金试件。根据表面处理方式分为两组:喷砂组(sandblasting,SB)试件表面进行Al2O3 颗粒喷砂,微弧氧化组(microarc-oxidation,MAO)试件表面处理后形成疏松多孔的陶瓷膜结构。每组内根据是否应用树脂粘结剂分为SB-resin luting-N组(不使用)、SB-resin luting-Y组(使用)、MAO-resin luting-N组(不使用)、MAO-resin luting-Y组(使用)4个亚组。试件与Cemerage硬质复合树脂粘结固化,每组的各一半测试冷热循环0次和5 000次后的粘结强度,对比分析测试结果。扫描电镜观察粘结强度试验前后钛合金试件表面形貌。结果:喷砂联合树脂粘结剂组冷热循环0次后,钛合金与硬质复合树脂的粘结强度最高(16.2±1.8) MPa;微弧氧化未联合树脂粘结剂组冷热循环5 000次后,两者的粘结强度最低(8.9±1.5) MPa,喷砂和微弧氧化未联合树脂粘结剂组冷热循环5 000次后粘结强度分别为(10.7±2.2) MPa和(8.9±1.5) MPa,相比循环0次组降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000和P=0.001);喷砂和微弧氧化处理联合树脂粘结剂5 000次冷热循环后粘结强度分别为(15.5±2.1) MPa和(11.7±1.3) MPa,相比循环0次组降低,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.087和P=0.234)。结论:喷砂和微弧氧化两种表面处理方式联合树脂粘结剂均可提高钛合金与硬质复合树脂的粘结强度和耐久性,以喷砂组提高更为显著;目前受微弧氧化技术参数的限制,喷砂效果优于微弧氧化。  相似文献   
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Oxidation of biopharmaceutics represents a major degradation pathway, which may impact bioactivity, serum half-life, and colloidal stability. This study focused on the quantification of oxidation and its effects on structure and colloidal stability for a model antibody and its lysine (ADC-L) and cysteine (ADC-C) conjugates. The effects of oxidation were evaluated by a forced degradation study using H2O2 and a shelf-life simulation, which used degrading polysorbate 80 as source for reactive oxygen species. Differential scanning fluorimetry revealed decreasing transition temperatures of the CH2 domain with rising oxidation, resulting in a loss of colloidal stability as assessed by size-exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography. The conjugation technique influences structural changes of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) and subsequently alters the impact of oxidation. ADC-C was most effected by oxidation as the CH2 domain showed the biggest destabilization on conjugation compared to the mAb and ADC-L. Quantification of Fc methionine oxidation by analytical protein A chromatography revealed 4-fold higher oxidation after 8 weeks for the ADC-C compared to the mAb. Payload degradation was observed independently of the conjugation technique used or if free in solution by ultraviolet-visible. In addition, adding antioxidants can be a suitable approach to prevent oxidation and achieve baseline stabilization of the proteins.  相似文献   
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Isolators are commonly used in filling operations of pharmaceutical products. To ensure an aseptic inner environment, isolators are regularly sterilized with vaporized hydrogen peroxide. However, despite extensive purging with air, some residual H2O2 remains within the isolator atmosphere and may thus end up in the liquid pharmaceutical drug product, which subsequently may cause oxidation and impact the product’s safety and efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the extent of this phenomenon and to model it. For that purpose, we studied the diffusion of H2O2 into water contained in small recipients exposed to the atmosphere of a H2O2-sterilized small-scale test isolator. Based on the results, a mechanistic model was proposed to estimate the quantity of H2O2 in the product, taking into account the time, filling volume, H2O2 concentration, and a configuration factor. Afterward, this model was challenged by filling water at a manufacturing scale, and we observed that the diffusion model could predict the trend of increasing H2O2 concentration. However, a consistent difference in H2O2 concentration between the model and the experimental results was observed, suggesting the contribution of another parameter. Our results can be used to predict more accurately H2O2 concentration in a pharmaceutical product at the manufacturing level.  相似文献   
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Daclatasvir hydrochloride (DCV) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Daklinza, a marketed product for the treatment of hepatitis C viral infection. The intrinsic stability of daclatasvir was evaluated via a forced degradation study. DCV was found to be stable in the solid state. In solution, its carbamate moiety is susceptible to basic hydrolysis, whereas its imidazole is liable to base-mediated autoxidation to form degradants 1 and 3, 7-8, respectively. The imidazole moiety can also be oxidized to form degradants 6-7 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile. The chloro-adduct degradant 9 was also observed in hydrogen peroxide solution. Furthermore, the imidazole moiety is sensitive to photodegradation in solution. Degradants 2-8 were observed in a solution of DCV exposed to high intensity light/UV light; the formation of degradants 2 and 5-8 was postulated through 4 degradation pathways. The degradants 3 and 4 were deemed to be secondary degradants of 7 and 5, respectively.  相似文献   
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