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1.
目的比较飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)、全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)和有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL V4c)植入术三者矫正中低度近视的效果。方法采用回顾性研究。以惠州爱尔眼科医院2019年6月至2020年4月矫正中低度近视120例(120眼)作为研究对象,受术者分为FS-LASIK组、SMILE组及ICL组,每组40例(40眼),各组分别接受相应的手术,术后随访3个月比较其矫正效果。结果术后1个月及3个月,3组间视力及有效性指数对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICL组安全性指数高于SMILE组及FS-LASIK组(P<0.05)。术后3个月FS-LASIK组的三叶草像差、彗差和球差出现明显变化,而SMILE组的变化较小,ICL组变化最小(P<0.05)。结论对中低度近视FS-LASK、SMILE及ICL植入术三者均有确切疗效,而ICL V4c植入术的安全性最高,患者的视觉质量最好。  相似文献   
2.
【目的】了解上海市闵行区小学生近视状况及相关因素分析。【方法】选取2019年1月1日至12月31日期间参加屈光筛查的11 356名6~10岁小学生作为本次研究的对象,调查项目包括视力检查和电脑验光。【结果】6~10岁社区小学生近视检出率45.59%。女性高于男性,6~10岁检出率分别为22.88%、31.77%、47.62%、60.53%、69.84%,呈线性趋势(χ2=1.31,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、父母近视状态是社区小学生屈光近视的影响因素;出生体重、是否早产、体重指数(BMI)对社区小学生屈光近视无影响。【结论】社区儿童青少年屈光近视的检出率较高,且不同人群特征检出情况有所差异,因此需针对不同年龄段、不同学生特征儿童青少年采取综合施策优先,重点人群重点防控的多层次防控策略。  相似文献   
3.
Low-income communities and communities of color face multiple, cumulative environmental and social burdens. Methods development in environmental justice research has largely focused on spatial and quantitative approaches. Less attention has been paid to developing methodologies that help collect information on everyday stressors and quality of life experiences for residents in overburdened communities. Mixed methods approaches can be one way to structure study designs that help consider how residents experience environmental and socioeconomic impacts in a localized community context. In neighborhoods burdened by cumulative stressors, traditional cross-sectional epidemiological research designs can also be challenging, as well as limited or narrow in their application. However, repeat sampling of measures within a vulnerable population can approach a quasi-experimental design and help consider variations within residents in a single neighborhood as well as better parse relationships between exposures and outcomes. Through a community-academic partnership with university partners, local community partners, and a local promotores de salud (community health workers) network, we pilot tested a novel mobile daily diary approach in both English and Spanish in an urban, predominantly immigrant community in South Los Angeles as a potential method to collect information on daily stress, environmental quality, and health status/symptoms. We collected resident responses via a once per day 7-day SMS/text messaging survey. We sought to gather granular data on daily resident experiences of air pollution and environmental hazards. Residents reported acute health symptoms and stressors, with repeat measures demonstrating how residents might rank, categorize, or cope with stressors. We find that residents in environmental justice communities record variation in their daily diary responses and document changes in environmental quality, stressors, and odors. Refining this type of method could enable a more rigorous examination of co-occurrences of environmental quality and acute health symptoms. This approach supports the inclusion of residents in the research process and helps more systematically integrate open-ended environmental health relevant data in environmental justice efforts. Used with measured data such as air monitoring or health measures, mixed methods generated data can help support efforts that aim to alleviate sources of daily stress, alongside efforts to reduce overall pollution burdens. Mobile daily diaries can be one way to capture variable responses to environmental quality, acute health symptoms, and stressors.  相似文献   
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5.
BackgroundAppendiceal non-mucinous neoplasms (AnMN) are rare and poorly understood malignancies with no standard treatment. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is largely used to treat peritoneal disseminations from appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN), but its role with AnMN is unclear.MethodsA prospective database of 315 patients with advanced appendiceal primaries undergoing CRS/HIPEC during 1996–2020 was reviewed. Baseline characteristics, operative and long-term outcomes of AnMN were compared with those of AMN. AMN were categorized according to PSOGI classification into high-grade, low-grade, and acellular mucin (AC), based on peritoneal disease histology.ResultsTwenty-three patients (7.3%) with goblet cell carcinoma (GCC; n = 9), intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC; n = 12), and mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC; n = 2) were identified. AnMN patients were more likely to be males (P = 0.006), have preoperative systemic chemotherapy (P = 0.001), grossly incomplete CRS (P = 0.001), and nodal metastases (P = 0.001), but not systemic relapse after CRS/HIPEC (P = 0.133). Median follow-up was 25.1 months (range 0.8–77.3) for AnMN, and 80.9 months (range 0.1–279.2) for AMN. Median overall survival was 24.0 months for AnMN, 66.2 months for high-grade AMN (P = 0.015), 160.0 months for low-grade ANM (P = 0.001), and not reached for AC (P = 0.001). Among AnMN patients, median survival was 23.4 months for GCC, 38.7 months for ITAC, 20.3 months for MANEC (P = 0.855). In the overall series, histological subtype (P = 0.001), incomplete cytoreduction (P = 0.001), and positive lymph-nodes (P = 0.003) correlated with poorer survival at multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAnMN share with AMN a predominant local-regional dissemination pattern, but prognosis after CRS/HIPEC is worse. This strategy needs to be carefully considered for AnMN. patients.  相似文献   
6.
目的 探讨郑州市小学生视力不良状况及视力相关健康行为的情况。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取郑州市4~6年级小学生进行视力检查及视力相关健康行为情况调查,利用描述流行病学方法分析小学生的视力状况以及视力相关健康行为情况。采用单因素、多因素分析方法对学龄期儿童视力不良状况的影响因素进行分析。结果 共对2 415名郑州市4~6年级小学生进行视力检查及问卷调查,男童1 221人,女童1 194人,年龄10~13岁。视力不良检出共1 815例,占75.16%。轻度视力不良比例最高,共1 156例,占47.87%;其次是中度视力不良,488例,占20.21%;重度视力不良171例,占7.08%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(OR=0.517)、居住在城市(OR=5.888)、住校(OR=2.210)、读写姿势(OR=2.632,4.699)、参加课外辅导班(OR=5.501)、每日看电视时间(OR=1.440,1.881,2.389)、每日看手机或电脑时间(OR=2.307,2.704,3.747)、每日做作业时间(OR=1.736,1.887,2.234)、每日户外锻炼时间(OR=0.770,0.422,0.394)、家长不限制观看电子视频时间(OR=2.019)均为4~6年级小学生视力不良的影响因素。结论 郑州市4~6年级小学生视力不良状况较为严重,准确地识别视力不良的各类危险行为,给予个体针对性的矫正,才能达成防控学龄期儿童视力不良风险的目的。  相似文献   
7.
《Seminars in Arthroplasty》2022,32(4):697-706
BackgroundAccurate glenoid component positioning during total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is critical for prosthesis longevity and postoperative function. Glenoid component positioning in many TSA procedures depends on the insertion of a guide pin through the glenoid vault. However, up to 48% of TSA procedures involve guide pin malpositioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a novel structured light imaging system to visualize glenoid guide pin position and trajectory in surgically exposed cadaveric shoulders. Computed tomography (CT)-based and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based workflows and subchondral bone–based and glenoid cartilage–based workflows were compared.MethodsPreoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) and MRI images were acquired for 5 intact cadaveric shoulders. Following deltopectoral surgical exposure, a glenoid vault guide pin was inserted through the glenoid vault of each scapula as in a clinical TSA procedure. A 3D printed optical tracker was placed over the guide pin, and a 3D optical surface image of the glenoid and tracker was acquired using a handheld structured light sensor. A postprocedural CBCT was acquired for each shoulder to verify guide pin position and trajectory. The imaging procedure was repeated after débridement of the glenoid cartilage to expose subchondral bone. The guide pin was segmented from the postprocedural CBCT image (actual guide pin). A virtual model of the tracker was aligned with a co-linear representation of the intraoperative guide pin (predicted guide pin). A series of image registrations aligned the actual and predicted guide pin positions to yield visualization accuracy, defined as the trajectory and offset errors between predicted and actual guide pins.ResultsThe mean guide pin trajectory and offset errors based on the subchondral bone were 2.22 ± 1.27° and 1.27 ± 0.46 mm for the CT-based workflow and 2.27 ± 1.72° and 1.78 ± 0.92 mm for the MRI-based workflow, respectively. Registration of the cartilage surface models visualized in the MRI images reduced accuracy to a trajectory error of 3.89 ± 1.57° (P = .147) and offset error of 2.28 ± 1.33 mm (P = .217).ConclusionThe Bullseye structured light imaging system presented an accurate approach for glenoid guide pin verification and adjustment during TSA using preoperative MRI or CT. Future development for the implementation of the Bullseye system should focus on improving surface segmentations and automation of the computer vision algorithm needed to facilitate clinical translation.  相似文献   
8.
目的 观察芪明颗粒联合胰激肽原酶肠溶片治疗2型糖尿病视网膜病变的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年5月-2020年12月河南科技大学第一附属医院接收的2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者100例(158眼),根据信封抽签法将患者分为对照组(50例, 76眼)和治疗组(50例, 82眼)。对照组患者口服胰激肽原酶肠溶片, 1片/次, 3次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上温水冲服芪明颗粒, 1袋/次, 3次/d。两组均连续用药6个月。观察两组患者疗效,比较两组的视力情况、视网膜血流动力学、血清炎性因子、新生血管指标水平。结果 治疗后,对照组、治疗组的总有效率分别为50.00%、74.39%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者视野灰度值、视野平均缺损指数较治疗前下降,视力值较治疗前升高(P<0.05);并且治疗组的视野灰度值、视野平均缺损指数低于对照组,视力值高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉的阻力指数(RI)较治疗前下降,峰值血流速度(PSV)较治疗前升高(P<0.05);治疗组的眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉的RI低于对照组,眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉PSV高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05);且治疗组的血清IL-6、hsCRP、TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管生成素-2(Ang-2)水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且治疗组的血清VEGF、Ang-2水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 芪明颗粒联合胰激肽原酶肠溶片治疗2型糖尿病视网膜病变具有较好的临床疗效,可改善患者眼底微循环和视功能,降低机体炎症反应,减少血管的过度增生,且不增加不良反应发生。  相似文献   
9.
目的对玻切二期术后低视力人群采取特殊的护理策略,来平复病人的负面情绪,提高治疗满意度。方法对2019年11月6日至2020年11月6日在我院接受玻璃体切割二次手术的96名低视力患者进行特殊护理干预,然后进行回顾性分析。结果在结合实际病情分析采取的特殊护理策略干预下,病人术后情绪稳定,未出现不良投诉事件,满意度较高。结论对玻切二期术后低视力人群采取特殊的护理干预策略十分必要。  相似文献   
10.
目的:对2016~2020年在湖南省儿童医院眼科就诊的眼外伤患儿的病例资料进行分析总结,为儿童眼外伤的预防和治疗提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析2016-01/2020-12在湖南省儿童医院眼科门急诊及住院治疗的眼外伤患儿2298例2332眼的临床资料,对患儿性别、年龄、受伤眼别、就诊时间、致伤月份、致伤原因、受伤部位、眼外伤类型、并发症、治疗方法和视力进行分析。结果:眼外伤患儿年龄主要集中在>3~6岁,占患儿总数的44.26%,其中男1718例1745眼,女580例587眼,男女比例为2.96∶1.00。2月份和11月份是儿童眼外伤的高发期。撞伤和摔伤是其主要的致病原因,占40.95%;其次为钝物击伤及锐器伤,共占40.82%。眼外伤患儿受伤部位主要在眼睑等眼附属器,占65.40%。患儿受伤后采取清创、包眼或局部点眼药等保守治疗方式占58.62%,行清创缝合术患儿占38.38%,复杂性眼内手术占3.00%。大多数患儿难以配合检查视力,在完成视力检查的患儿中,眼外伤影响患儿视力者占60.60%,治疗后患儿视力均有不同程度的好转。严重影响视力主要集中在角膜挫裂伤、外伤性白内障、玻璃体积血、球内异物及眼球破裂等患儿。结论:儿童眼外伤较常见,多为意外伤害,近年来有上升趋势。眼外伤患儿以男性、学龄前儿童为主,绝大多数患儿病情相对较轻,视力预后良好。儿童眼外伤重在预防,受伤后及时就诊能有效降低外伤对视力的损害。  相似文献   
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