医院成本管理在物资管理中的作用及效果

随着医疗改革的不断深入,成本管理逐步显示出其在医院管理中的应有地位。笔者结合医院物资管理的实践,探讨医院成本管理在物资管理中的作用及意义。     

Osteotomy around the knee: Assessment of quality,content and readability of online information

BackgroundAs knee osteotomy surgery becomes increasingly accessible, more patients may turn to the Internet for information. This study examined the source, quality, content and readability of online information regarding osteotomy around the knee.MethodsThe first 70 websites returned by the top four search engines were identified using the key words: “knee osteotomy” and “high tibial osteotomy.” The websites were categorised by type and assessed using the DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and a novel Knee Osteotomy-Specific Score (KOSS). The presence of the Health On the Net (HON) code accreditation seal was noted. Readability of each website was assessed using eight readability formulae. The mean reading grade level (RGL) was compared to the 6th and 8th grade reading levels. The mean RGL of each category was also compared.ResultsOf the 45 unique websites analysed, the majority were Physician (33%) and Journal websites (31%). The mean DISCERN score was 36.7 (±8.9) which is classified as ‘poor.’ The mean JAMA benchmark criteria score was 2.04 (±1.5) and Physician websites were most likely to be scored zero. The mean KOSS was 15.4 (±5.7). The highest scoring website was a Commercial site but, overall, Journal category sites provided the best quality information. Websites that bore the HONcode seal obtained higher DISCERN, JAMA benchmark criteria and Knee Osteotomy - Specific Scores.The cumulative mean RGL was 13.2 (±2.2) which exceeded the 6th grade level by an average of 7.2 grade levels and the 8th grade level by an average of 5.2 grade levels. No website (0%) was written at or below either the 6th or the 8th grade reading levels. The mean Flesch Reading Ease Score of all websites was 41.13 (±14.7) which is classified as ‘difficult.’ Journal websites had the highest RGL.ConclusionThe information available online regarding osteotomy around the knee varies tremendously in quality and completeness. Physician sites predominate, but these were among the lowest scoring of all websites. Even where high quality information is available, it is set at too high a level to be easily understood.Level of evidenceSurvey of materials – Internet.     

壳聚糖作为牙周引导性组织再生屏障膜的实验研究

目的制备壳聚糖屏障膜,观察其微观结构,并观察在体外培养条件下壳聚糖膜对牙周膜细胞增殖的影响。方法采用相分离法制备壳聚糖膜,利用扫描电镜观察微观结构,MTT法评价壳聚糖膜对牙周膜细胞体外增殖的影响。结果于-5℃将20g/L的壳聚糖液冷冻干燥可制备出孔隙率>90%,孔隙直径介于50μm与100μm之间的壳聚糖膜,这种壳聚糖膜具有促进牙周膜细胞体外增殖的效应。结论壳聚糖膜适合作为引导性组织再生屏障膜。     

静电纺丝技术在生物医用材料领域中的应用

电纺丝是一种使带电荷的聚合物溶液或熔体在静电场中射流来制备聚合物超细纤维的加工方法。由于电纺丝技术制得的纤维，其直径可达纳米级，因此电纺丝纤维应用广泛。对静电纺丝技术的一些重要特性和当前在生物医用材料领域中的应用进行综述。     

加强高校化学实验物品管理的探讨

化学实验物品数量众多，品种繁杂，主要包括材料、低值品和易耗品等三大类。作为高校物资管理人员应增强信息观念、市场观念，不断加强理论和实践的学习，全面提高自身素质，搞好物资管理工作。同时，高校物资管理部门应完善物资管理制度，加强科学管理，为教学、科研工作提供有力保障和优质服务，为高校的发展做出应有的贡献。     

口腔黏膜黏附制剂的研究概况

口腔黏膜黏附制剂是一种新的药物释放系统,系利用生物黏附材料与口腔黏膜间的生物黏附力,延长制剂在口腔中的滞留时间,控制药物的释放速度和释药量,使制剂产生最佳疗效.该文作者就口腔黏膜黏附制剂的特点、生物黏附材料的选择及近年来的口腔黏膜黏附制剂的研究概况作一综述,并展望了其发展前景.     

Work-related skin and airway symptoms among Swedish dentists rarely cause sick leave or change of professional career

Dentistry usually is 'wet work' with risk of damage to the skin barrier, and the hands may be exposed to skin irritants and contact-sensitizing substances used in dental materials or gloves. Airway irritants may also be present. This study assessed the consequences of work-related skin and airway symptoms among dentists in terms of contact with health authorities, sick leave, or changes in the professional career. A questionnaire on these factors was answered by more than 3000 Swedish dentists. Only 6% of the respondents had consulted a physician, although 22% had noted work-related skin symptoms. In 2% the skin symptoms had caused sick leave, and about 2% had reported their skin symptoms as an occupational disease. Two per cent had consulted a physician owing to work-related airway symptoms, which is a minor part of the 13% who had experienced such symptoms when in contact with dental materials. Twenty-five dentists (<1%)had been on sick leave because of work-related airway symptoms. Only 19 dentists reported change of activities or occupation owing to work-related skin or airway symptoms, and in most cases these symptoms only contributed to their decision. In summary, whereas sick leave in dentists because of musculoskeletal problems may be common, the present study shows that this is not the case for workrelated skin or airway symptoms, and such symptoms seldom affect the dentists' professional career.     

Effect of Paraffin and Silica Matrix Phase Change Materials on Properties of Portland Cement Mortars

In the search for methods to incorporate Phase Change Materials (PCM) into Portland cement mortar mixtures, PCM based on paraffins adhered to a silica-based matrix appear as a suitable option. However, paraffin particles have been observed to escape from the silica matrix when water is added. There are only limited data on how the use of such PCM affects the behaviour of mortars. To evaluate the effect of this PCM addition, Portland mortar mixtures were elaborated with 5%, 10% and 15% of PCM content, and using CEM 42.5 I R and CEM I 52.5 R cement types. Physical properties such as density, open porosity, air content and water absorption were analysed for fresh and dry samples. The results obtained show that the PCM-added mixtures require greater water and cement amounts than the standard mortar mixtures to achieve similar compressive strengths. Compared to non-PCM mixtures the PCM-added mortars present a density lowering of 37% for fresh mixtures and near 45% for dry state forms. A maximum compressive strength of 15.9 MPa was reached for 15% PCM mixtures, while values beyond 40 MPa were achieved for 5% PCM mixtures. Thus, the proposed study contributes to broad the available knowledge of PCM cement mortar mixtures behaviour and their mix design.     

人工髋关节置换中假体材料的选择及应用进展

通过查阅国内外有关假体材料选择与应用在骨科人工髋关节置换领域的文献,进行归纳分析,总结假体材料发展及应用的研究现状及进展。目前人工关节假体材料须兼具高强度、富韧性、可塑性、抗疲劳、耐磨损等特性,常用材料包括合金、陶瓷、高分子聚合体等。通过对假体界面不同材料进行组合和改性,未来有望开发出在生物相容性、力学相容性、固定度、使用寿命等方面表现更优的假体材料,为髋关节置换手术提供更多科学合理选项,更好地为患者服务。