太行山猕猴掌面指间Ⅰ区肤纹的性差

目的:为了解太行山猕猴(Macaca mulatta)掌面指间Ⅰ区花纹类型的特征及在性别间是否存在差异。方法:对55例(♂20例,旱35例)太行山猕猴掌面指间Ⅰ区的花纹类型进行调查,并与日本高崎山猕猴和屋久岛猕猴掌面指间Ⅰ区花纹类型进行比较。数据分析采用SPSS 20.0。结果:太行山猕猴指间Ⅰ区斗形纹(W)是最为常见的类型,占78.9%,其次是箕形纹(L),开放形花纹(O)几乎不存在;雌雄性太行山猕猴掌面指间Ⅰ区花纹类型存在显著性差异,屋久岛猕猴和高崎山猕猴掌面指间Ⅰ区花纹类型性别间也存在显著性差异。3组猕猴的掌面指间Ⅰ区斗形纹和双箕形纹均是雄性高于雌性,而Ⅰ区开放形花纹和箕形纹是雌性高于雄性。结论:雄性猕猴掌面指间Ⅰ区花纹类型较雌性更复杂,可能与雌雄个体在群体中角色的不同有关;3组猕猴指间Ⅰ区肤纹特征相互之间均有差异,这主要是由于长期地理分布隔离和遗传漂变所致,推测太行山猕猴、高崎山猕猴和屋久岛猕猴分化的时间较早,分化后交流很少。     

A Macaca mulatta model of fulminant hepatic failure

AIM: To establish an appropriate primate model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).METHODS: We have, for the first time, established a large animal model of FHF in Macaca mulatta by intraperitoneal infusion of amatoxin and endotoxin. Clinical features, biochemical indexes, histopathology and iconography were examined to dynamically investigate the progress and outcome of the animal model.RESULTS: Our results showed that the enzymes and serum bilirubin were markedly increased and the enzyme-bilirubin segregation emerged 36 h after toxin administration. Coagulation activity was significantly decreased. Gradually deteriorated parenchymal abnormality was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography at 48 h. The liver biopsy showed marked hepatocyte steatosis and massive parenchymal necrosis at 36 h and 49 h, respectively. The autopsy showed typical yellow atrophy of the liver. Hepatic encephalopathy of the models was also confirmed by hepatic coma, MRI and pathological changes of cerebral edema. The lethal effects of the extrahepatic organ dysfunction were ruled out by their biochemical indices, imaging and histopathology.CONCLUSION: We have established an appropriate large primate model of FHF, which is closely similar to clinic cases, and can be used for investigation of the mechanism of FHF and for evaluation of potential medical therapies.     

猕猴实验感染人乙型肝炎病毒的研究

目的建立猕猴实验感染人乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)的动物模型。方法无自然感染HBV的健康熊猴5只 (其中2只预先经环磷酰胺处理 ) ,经 60Co全身照射处理的恒河猴2只 ,分别接种HBV携带者血清。给动物每周定期采血 ,用改良赖氏法、ELISA、PCR、原位杂交、免疫组化及电镜分别检测血清ALT、HBV标志物、HBV_DNA及肝组织中HBsAg 和HBV_DNA ,以及观察病毒颗粒。结果4只熊猴、2只恒河猴血清中ALT出现短期低水平的升高 ,延长了血清中HBsAg 阳性时限。肝组织有类似人乙型肝炎的病理改变 ,部分肝组织切片、免疫组化、原位杂交为阳性。结论改变实验猴免疫状态可提高其对HBV的易感性使感染成功 ,但能否作为合适的动物模型有待进一步研究     

Influenza Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primates

To determine whether nonhuman primates are infected with influenza viruses in nature, we conducted serologic and swab studies among macaques from several parts of the world. Our detection of influenza virus and antibodies to influenza virus raises questions about the role of nonhuman primates in the ecology of influenza.     

Effects of manganese oxide on monkeys as revealed by a combined neurochemical,histological and neurophysiological evaluation

Four monkeys were exposed to a total of 8 g each of manganese as oxide by repetitive subcutaneous injections during 5 months, after which they were left for 1 week to 6 months before they were sacrificed. All animals developed hyperactive behaviour after about 2 months. About 5 months after the start of the exposure the animals became hypoactive with an unsteady gait, and subsequently an action tremor appeared in some of the animals. The animals lost power in both upper and lower limbs and the movements of the hands and feet were very clumsy. The serum content of manganese rose 10–40 times during the exposure time and the content in brain was generally increased more than 10 times, with the highest content found in globus pallidus and putamen. The observed neurochemical effects were also largest in globus pallidus and putamen. In these regions there was a considerable depletion of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, while the homovanillic acid content remained almost unchanged. A severe neuronal cell loss was observed in globus pallidus but not in other regions. This is in accordance with results from the most recent neuropathological study of a human suffering from chronic manganese poisoning [Yamada et al. (1986) Acta Neuropathol 70: 273–278] where globus pallidus was devoid of neuronal cells while the content of pigmented cells in substantia nigra was normal. Our data suggest a reduction in number of dopaminergic nerve terminals, as the activity of the dopamine synthesizing enzyme DOPA-decarboxylase was also lowered. In addition to the effects on the dopaminergic system, a reduced content of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid was observed in the putamen and globus pallidus. Moreover neurotensin, a neuropeptide with functional connection to the dopaminergic system, was found to be reduced in the putamen. It was remarkable that all the neurochemical effects seen in the putamen were more or less absent from the caudate nucleus. These observations are discussed in relation to what has been found in Parkinsonian and MPTP-lesioned brains.     

恒河猴视觉分辨的反应抑制任务的行为训练及其应用

目的 训练恒河猴学习视觉分辨的go/no go任务（反应抑制任务的一种），以便进行认知神经科学、心理药理学、精神病学等领域的研究。方法 训练恒河猴一手不动，另一只手按压微动开关启动训练，并对屏幕上呈现的“□”做持续按压开关1s的反应，对“△”做松开开关的反应。应用该方法对两只恒河猴分三步进行训练（no go反应训练、go反应训练和go/no go反应训练。结果 经过30天左右的训练，两只猴正确反应率均可达85％以上，go反应的反应时为0．3－0．6秒。结论 此行为训练的方法简单、易行，是一种较好的go/no go任务的行为训练方法。     

Stimulation of the Trigeminal ganglion increases flow in the extracerebral but not the cerebral circulation of the monkey

The trigeminal ganglion of 9 anesthetized paralysed artificially ventilatedMacaca nemestrina monkeys was electrically stimulated with frequencies varying from 0.2 to 200 Hz. This stimulation led to a frequency-dependent decrease in external carotid resistance but no significant change in internal carotid resistance was recorded. The response is probably mediated as previously described in the cat, i.e. predominantly through the greater superficial petrosal branch of the facial nerve and a small proportion through antidromic activation of the trigeminal system. Elucidation of the physiological and pharmacological mechanisms underlying such a response may aid in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of vascular headache.