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目的 对来自广东地区感染小鼠诺如病毒(Murine Norovirus,MNV)的小鼠进行病毒分离鉴定,对病毒的衣壳蛋白(VP1)基因进行测序和序列分析,绘制系统发生树,了解广东地区MNV的分子遗传特征和进化来源。方法 采用RAW264.7细胞对RT-PCR检测为阳性的小鼠样本进行病毒分离,通过细胞病变、RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光试验、测序方法对病毒分离株进行鉴定。应用RT-PCR技术针对15株MNV分离株的VP1基因的1626个核苷酸片段进行基因扩增,将扩增产物连接在pMD18-T 载体后转化到大肠杆菌中进行克隆。通过氨苄青霉素平皿筛选,将鉴定为阳性的克隆菌进行核苷酸序列测定及序列分析。将这15 株MNV分离株与从GenBank获得的19株MNV参考株进行序列比较分析,基于VP1基因的1626核苷酸片段构建系统发生进化树,一起进行分子流行病学研究。结果 从80个小鼠样本中分离到了15株MNV病毒,通过细胞病变试验、RT-PCR试验、间接免疫荧光试验和测序分析鉴定确认分离到的病毒为MNV。序列分析结果显示MNV分离株的VP1蛋白基因全长均为1626个核苷酸,广东地区15株MNV分离株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别在89.7~100%和94.8~100%之间, 15株MNV分离株与其他19株MNV参考毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别在87.5~92.9%和92.4~98.2%之间。进化树分析表明来自设施A和设施D的13株病毒之间的亲缘关系较近,同属一个进化分支。来自设施B 的ZD-1毒株和设施C的ZYY-163毒株与来自广东(K162)、日本(S7-P2、S7-PP3)、韩国(K4)和德国(Berlin/04/06/DE、 Berlin/05/06/DE)同属另一个进化分支。结论 成功分离到15株MNV病毒。遗传进化分析表明广东地区的MNV分离株来源并不相同,来自设施B和设施C的MNV分离株与国外分离株的亲缘关系较近,而来自设施A和设施D的13株MNV分离株可能是本地固有的毒株。  相似文献   
3.
Murine noroviruses (MNV) comprise a group of newly recognized pathogens infecting laboratory mice. The first reported murine norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), produces a transient infection with a short duration of fecal shedding after infection of immunocompetent laboratory mice. Our laboratory subsequently isolated three novel murine noroviruses, murine norovirus 2 (MNV-2), murine norovirus 3 (MNV-3), and murine norovirus 4 (MNV-4), that have markedly different pathogenicity from MNV-1 by producing persistent infections and prolonged fecal shedding in infected immunocompetent mice. In this study, the nucleotide sequences and the predicted amino acid sequences of the three novel murine noroviruses were determined and compared to each other, MNV-1, and other previously described human and animal noroviruses. The three novel murine norovirus strains were shown to be related to each other and MNV-1 by sequence and phylogenetic analysis even though MNV-2, MNV-3 and MNV-4 all display markedly different biologic behavior from that of MNV-1. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers DQ223041, DQ223042, and DQ223043.  相似文献   
4.
目的 建立一种快速、特异、敏感的荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,用于小鼠诺如病毒(Murine Norovirus,MNV)的检测。方法 根据MNV ORF1-ORF2结合区域中保守序列设计一对特异性引物和Taqman探针,同时设计和制备了内标用于监控假阴性,建立含有内标的荧光定量RT-PCR检测体系,通过优化,得到最佳反应体系和反应条件;构建质粒标准品并以之为模板绘制标准曲线;进行特异性、敏感性和重复性试验,最后用建立的方法检测344份小鼠临床样本,验证在临床应用中的效果。结果 该方法特异性强,与小鼠肝炎病毒、小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒、仙台病毒、小鼠肺炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒Ⅲ型、出血热病毒和淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒不发生交叉反应。构建的荧光定量标准曲线Ct值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系相关系数R2=0.9986,可以检测到10拷贝/μL的质粒标准品,对MNV活病毒检测可检测到1.78?0-2 TCID50/mL的病毒,检测灵敏度比常规RT-PCR高10倍,比病毒分离高100倍。对5份样品进行5次批内和批间重复检测,检测结果变异系数均小于2%。通过对344份临床样品检测,检测到阳性样品103份,阳性率29.94%。有5份样本结果为假阴性。 结论 本研究建立的MNV荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,由于加入了内标, 能有效地监控假阴性的出现,适合用于MNV日常监测、临床诊断和流行病学调查。  相似文献   
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Introduction

Bloodstream infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Blood cultures and other laboratory tests are used for diagnosis. Among these tests, the mean neutrophil volume (MNV) value is reported as a potential indicator that supports the diagnosis of sepsis. Our study identified the MNV values of patients via microorganisms cultivated from blood cultures and examined the role of these MNV values in the early diagnosis of bloodstream infections.

Methods

Our study surveyed retrospectively 148 adult patient blood culture samples that had been sent to our laboratory. BACTEC 9050 (Becton Dickinson, USA) and BACTEC FX 40 (Becton Dickinson, USA) devices were used in the blood culture isolation procedures.

Results

The average MNV value was found to be 159.0 (+11.3) in patients whose sepsis originated from Gram-negative bacteria, and the average MNV value was measured as 152.4 (+14.5) among patients whose sepsis originated from Gram-positive bacteria. When comparing groups of patients having Gram-negative bacteria and patients having Gram-positive bacteria, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.041) in the MNV values was observed.

Conclusion

The MNV value was found to be statistically significant in discrimination of Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis. Considering these findings, measuring the MNV values can help initiate proper antibiotic treatment more quickly, and we think that this will help lower the mortality rate. However, these findings should be supported with further studies.  相似文献   
6.
[摘要] 目的 了解上海地区实验小鼠自然感染小鼠诺瓦克病毒(Murine Norovirus,MNV)的状况,并分离毒株。方法 抽取委托检测单位送检的SPF小鼠319只,分别采集盲肠内容物及血液样本,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增小鼠盲肠内容物样本中MNV的特异性基因片段来检测MNV的感染情况,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)与核酸检测方法进行对比。将RT-PCR扩增结果为阳性的盲肠内容物样本稀释并经0.22μm滤膜过滤,接种到RAW264.7细胞,盲传后采用RT-PCR方法鉴定。结果 RT-PCR检测的319份小鼠盲肠内容物样本中,阳性样本95份,阳性率为29.78%。对180份经RT-PCR检测的小鼠血清进行ELISA检测,阳性样本70份,阳性率为38.89%。RAW264.7细胞盲传5代后在72h内出现细胞病变,经RT-PCR鉴定,显示187bp的目的条带。结论 通过核酸检测方法和血清学方法证实上海地区实验小鼠存在MNV自然感染,且感染率较高,应加强实验小鼠的饲养管理。  相似文献   
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广东省实验小鼠自然感染鼠诺如病毒的调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解广东省实验小鼠自然感染小鼠诺如病毒(murine norovirus,MNV)的情况。方法随机抽取广东省7个繁育设施的小鼠206只,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测其感染MNV的情况。结果共检测小鼠盲肠内容物206份,阳性样本为77份,阳性率为37.38%。3个设施的小鼠感染MNV,各品系小鼠易感性差异无显著。结论证实广东省小鼠存在MNV感染,部分设施小鼠MNV感染率很高,需加强动物的饲养管理。RT-PCR方法可以应用于MNV感染检测。  相似文献   
9.
目的体外分离出小鼠诺如病毒(murine norovirus,MNV)毒株,并对其进行鉴定。方法采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法对小鼠进行MNV筛查,将检测出的MNV阳性小鼠的盲肠内容物经过处理接种至鼠源巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞,培养一段时间后用RT-PCR法扩增测序。结果成功通过传代RAW264.7细胞分离出MNV,并经过鉴定确认,对RT-PCR扩增序列进行初步分析,与韩国MNV4 S18株同源性最高,达99%。结论 MNV在体外的复制成功,为MNV的生物学特性、致病机制和诊断试剂等方面的研究提供了基础,同时作为人诺如病毒研究的理想模型,对人诺如病毒的研究也有重大意义。  相似文献   
10.
Carmen M. Doom 《Virology》2009,392(2):153-161
Murine norovirus (MNV) is a recently discovered pathogen that has become a common contaminant of specific pathogen-free mouse colonies. MNV-1 induces a robust interferon-β response and causes histopathology in some mouse strains, suggesting that it may impact other mouse models of infection. Despite many concerns about MNV-1 contamination, there is little information about its impact on immune responses to other infections. This study addresses whether MNV-1 infection has an effect on a model of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Exposure to MNV-1 resulted in a decreased CD8 T cell response to immunodominant MCMV epitopes in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. However, MNV-1 did not impact MCMV titers in either mouse strain, nor did it stimulate reactivation of latent MCMV. These data suggest that while MNV-1 has a mild impact on the immune response to MCMV, it is not likely to affect most experimental outcomes in immunocompetent mice in the MCMV model.  相似文献   
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