Epitope selection and their placement for increased virus neutralization in a novel vaccination strategy for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus utilizing the Hepatitis B virus core antigen

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the Alphacoronaviridae genus within the Coronaviridae family. It is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, a disease that can have mortality rates as high as 100% in suckling piglets. PEDV causes severe economic loss, and has been in existence for decades. A panzootic starting in 2010 renewed interest in the development of a universal vaccine toward PEDV. This report details several design changes made to a Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg)-based recombinant vaccine strategy, and their effect in vivo. Initially, several multi-antigen vaccine candidates were able to elicit antibodies specific to three out of four B-cell epitopes inserted into the chimeric proteins. However, a lack of virus neutralization led to a redesign of the vaccines. The focus of the newly redesigned vaccines was to elicit a strong immune response to the YSNIGVCK amino acid motif from PEDV. Genetically modified new vaccine candidates were able to elicit a strong antibody (Ab) response to the YSNIGVCK epitope, which correlated with an increased ability to neutralize the CO strain of PEDV. Additionally, the location of the inserted PEDV epitopes within the vector protein was shown to affect the immune recognition toward the native HBcAg during vaccination.     

长链非编码 RNAMIR22HG和微 RNA-9-3p在骨关节炎病人血清中的表达及与病情严重程度的相关性

目的探究长链非编码 RNA(lncRNA)MIR22HG和微 RNA-9-3p(miR-9-3p)在骨关节炎( OA)病人血清中的表达及与病情严重程度的相关性。方法选取 2020年 10月至 2021年 10月在南充市中医医院确诊为 OA的病人 120例,作为 OA组, 60例体检健康人群作为对照组;采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应( qRT-PCR)检测血清 lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p的表达水平; Pearson法分析 lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p的相关性以及二者与视觉模拟( VAS)评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分( HSS)以及西安大略和麦马斯特大学骨关节炎指数可视化量表( WOMAC)评分的相关性;绘制受试者操作特征( ROC)曲线分析 lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p对 OA的诊断价值。结果 OA组的血清中 lncRNA MIR22HG表达水平显著高于对照组(1.48±0.25比 1.01±0.22)miR-9-3p的表达水平显著低于对照组( 0.72±0.13比 1.05±0.12)(P<0.05);相关性分析显示, lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p的表,达水平呈负相关关系( P<0.05); KL Ⅳ级血清 lncRNA MIR22HG的表达水平、 VAS评分、 WOMAC评分显著高于 KL Ⅲ级和 KL Ⅱ级, KL Ⅲ级显著高于 KL Ⅱ级( P<0.05),KL Ⅳ级血清 miR-9-3p的表达水平、 HSS评分显著低于 KL Ⅲ级和 KL Ⅱ级, KL Ⅲ级显著低于 KL Ⅱ级( P<0.05); OA病人 lncRNA MIR22HG的表达水平与 VAS评分、 WOMAC评分均呈正相关,与 HSS评分呈负相关( P<0.05); miR-9-3p表达水平与 VAS评分、 WOMAC评分均呈负相关,与 HSS评分呈正相关( P<0.05);二者联合诊断的 AUC高于 lncRNA MIR22HG、miR-9-3p单独诊断的 AUC值( Z=2.22,P=0.012;Z=1.43,P=0.025)。结论 OA病人血清中 lncRNA MIR22HG表达水平显著升高, miR-9-3p表达水平显著降低,二者与 OA病情严重程度密切相关,且对 OA具有一定的诊断价值。     

A preliminary study into injuries due to non-perforating ballistic impacts into soft body armour over the spine

The UK Home Office test method for ballistic protective police body armours considers anterior torso impacts to be the worst-case scenario and tests rear armour panels to the same standards as front panels. The aim of this paper was to examine the injuries from spinal behind armour blunt trauma (BABT) impacts. This study used a cadaveric 65 kg, female pig barrel and 9 mm Luger ammunition (9 × 19 mm, FMJ Nammo Lapur Oy) into HG1/A + KR1 soft armour panels over the spine. Injuries were inspected and sections removed for x-radiography and micro-CT assessment.All shots over the spine resulted in deep soft tissue injuries from pencilling of the armour and the shirt worn under the armour. The wounds had embedded fabric debris which would require surgery to remove resulting in increased recovery time over injuries usually seen in anterior torso BABT impacts, which are typically haematoma and fractured ribs. The shot with the deepest soft tissue wound (41 mm) also resulted in a fractured spinous process. Shots were also fired at the posterior and anterior rib area of the pig barrel, for comparison to the spine. Similar wounds were seen on the shots to the posterior rib area while shallower, smaller wounds were seen on the anterior and one anterior rib shot resulted in a single, un-displaced rib fracture. The anatomical differences between pigs and humans would most likely mean that injury to a human from these impacts would be more serious.     

A comparative study of short‐ and long‐TE 1H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors

2‐Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced in gliomas with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2. The ¹H resonances of the J‐coupled spins of 2HG are extensively overlapped with signals from other metabolites. Here, we report a comparative study at 3 T of the utility of the point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence with a standard short TE (35 ms) and a long TE (97 ms), which had been theoretically designed for the detection of the 2HG 2.25‐ppm resonance. The performance of the methods is evaluated using data from phantoms, seven healthy volunteers and 22 subjects with IDH‐mutated gliomas. The results indicate that TE = 97 ms provides higher detectability of 2HG than TE = 35 ms, and that this improved capability is gained when data are analyzed with basis spectra that include the effects of the volume localizing radiofrequency and gradient pulses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

外周血 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 检测在肺结核筛 查中的临床价值

目的 探讨微小 ＲＮＡ １５５（ｍｉＲ １５５）、长链非编码 ＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ 宿主基因（ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ）在肺结核患者外周血单 个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中的表达水平，并分析其临床筛查价值。方法 选取阿坝藏族羌族自治州人民医院诊治的肺结核患者 １３０ 例作为肺结核组，其中活动性肺结核（ＡＴＢ）患者 ５６ 例（ＡＴＢ 组）、潜伏结核感染（ＬＴＢＩ）患者 ７４ 例（ＬＴＢＩ 组），并以体检健康者 １３４ 例作为健康人对照组。采用实时荧光定量 ＰＣＲ（ｑＲＴ ＰＣＲ）检测各组 ＰＢＭＣ 中 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 的表达水平； 分析 ＡＴＢ 患者 ＰＢＭＣ 中ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ 的表达水平与 ｍｉＲ １５５ 的相关性，并评估二者对 ＡＴＢ 患者的临床筛查价值。结果 肺结核组患者 ＰＢＭＣ 中 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 的表达水平［（１．７８±０．５７）、（１．６５±０．５４）］均显著高于健康人对照组 ［（１．０２±０． ３２）、（１． ０１ ± ０．３３）］，差异有统计学意义（ｔ 分别为 １３． ４１０、１１． ６５８，Ｐ 均 ＜ ０． ０５）；ＡＴＢ 组患者 ＰＢＭＣ 中 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 的表达水平［（２．０２±０．６８）、（１．９０±０．６３）］亦显著高于 ＬＴＢＩ 组［（１．５５±０．５３）、（１．４１±０．４６）］，差异有统计学 意义（ｔ分别为 ４．４３０、５．１２７，Ｐ均＜０．０５）；未治愈组 ＡＴＢ 患者 ＰＢＭＣ 中 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 的表达水平［（２．３４±０．７８）、 （２．１５±０．７２）］显著高于治愈组［（１．８３±０．６１）、（１．７５±０．５８）］，差异有统计学意义（ｔ 分别为 ２．７２５、２．２８０，Ｐ 均＜０．０５）。ＡＴＢ、 ＬＴＢＩ患者 ＰＢＭＣ 中 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ 的表达均与 ｍｉＲ １５５ 呈正相关（ｒ 分别为 ０． ４６１、０． ３９７，Ｐ 均 ＜ ０． ０５）；ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 筛查 ＡＴＢ 的 ＲＯＣ 曲线下面积（ＡＵＣＲＯＣ）分别为 ０． ８２４（９５％ ＣＩ：０． ７４９ ～ ０． ９００）、０． ８４３（９５％ ＣＩ：０． ７７２ ～ ０．９１４），当 ｃｕｔ ｏｆｆ 值分别为 １．８１、１．７２ 时，其敏感性分别为 ７１．４％、７３．２％，特异性分别为 ８７．８％、８６．５％；二者联合检测筛查 ＡＴＢ 的 ＡＵＣＲＯＣ为 ０．９１７（９５％ＣＩ：０．８７１～ ０．９６４），当 ｃｕｔ ｏｆｆ 值为 ０．４６ 时，其敏感性、特异性分别为 ８９．３％、８２．４％。结论 肺结核患者 ＰＢＭＣ中 ＬｎｃＲＮＡ ＭＩＲ１５５ＨＧ、ｍｉＲ １５５ 的表达水平较高，且在 ＡＴＢ 患者中的表达水平显著高于 ＬＴＢＩ 患者，二者联合检测有助 于临床筛查 ＡＴＢ，评估患者病情。