结扎速血管闭合切割系统在巨大神经纤维瘤手术中的应用效果

目的：探讨结扎速血管闭合切割系统(LigaSure vessel sealing system, LVSS)在巨大神经纤维瘤手术中的应用效果。方法：选取2013年10月至2020年5月行巨大神经纤维瘤手术的患者22例纳入本研究。传统手术组12例采用常规缝扎电凝止血手术方式,LigaSure组10例采用LigaSure血管闭合切割的手术方式,对比两组患者切除瘤体大小、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后拔管时间及术后并发症情况。结果：两组间患者的一般资料具有可比性。LigaSure组术中出血量、术后引流量、术后拔管时间均较传统手术组显著降低(P＜0.05)。两组间切除瘤体大小、手术时间及术前术后血红蛋白差值无统计学差异。传统手术组出现1例术后皮下积液,予再次引流后伤口愈合良好。结论：LigaSure在手术治疗巨大神经纤维瘤方面的应用安全有效,能显著地减少出血量,简化手术操作,缩短术后恢复时间,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

Ovine Iliac Vein Model for Endovascular Thrombectomy of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis

An ovine iliac vein thrombosis model was devised to test a wall-contacting rotational thrombectomy device. Thrombosis was successfully induced in 9 sheep with an average clot length of 31 mm ± 12 and >60% vessel occlusion on angiography. The thrombus was subsequently removed, maintaining normal intraoperative pulmonary arterial pressure (5.9 mm Hg ± 3.6) and complete distal reperfusion after thrombectomy. Additionally, the sheep were without signs of vascular trauma or embolic complications on gross necropsy and histopathologic analysis. The findings from this study support the use of an ovine iliac deep vein thrombosis model for testing of a lower extremity thrombectomy device.     

补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗重症肌无力疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗对重症肌无力(MG)疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法:随机分配84例MG病例为西药组和针药组,每组各42例,西药组给予常规西药治疗,即泼尼松片中剂量冲击,小剂量隔日维持治疗,针药组基于以上用药基础给予补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗,治疗3个月后,统计两组治疗前后的中医证候积分,评估两组中医证候疗效,对比治疗前后的颈部血管流速、T淋巴细胞亚群水平和血清可溶性白细胞介素6受体水平。结果:治疗后,两组中医证候积分显著降低,针药组的变化幅度大于西药组(P<0.05); 针药组的中医证候总有效率低于西药组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组颈内动脉(ICA)、颈总动脉(CCA)、颈外动脉(ECA)显著提高(P<0.05),两组T淋巴细胞中CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺亚群所占比和CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺比值显著降低(P<0.05),两组血清slL-6R水平均显著降低(P<0.05),以上指标针药组变化幅度大于西药组(P<0.05)。结论:补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗能缓解MG患者的中医证候症状,提高疗效,促进其颈部血管循环,纠正患者自身机体免疫功能紊乱。     

PD-L1 在三阴性乳腺癌组织中表达及其与脉管生成的关系

目的：探讨程序性死亡配体-1（PD-L1）在三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）组织中的表达及其与脉管生成的相关性。方法：采用组织芯片结合免疫组织化学法检测120 例TNBC组织（收集自河北医科大学第四医院2011 年3 月1 日至2012 年6 月1 日手术切除并经病理证实的TNBC组织标本）中PD-L1 蛋白表达，并分析其与患者各项临床指标关系，同时用CD34 和D2-40 标记血管和淋巴管后检测TNBC中微血管密度（MVD）和淋巴管密度（LVD）。结果：PD-L1 蛋白在TNBC肿瘤细胞及间质浸润淋巴细胞中阳性表达率为56.7%（68/120），PD-L1 的表达与TNBC患者的性别、年龄、临床分期、组织学分级及肿瘤大小均无相关性（P>0.05），但与淋巴结转移情况（P<0.05）及脉管癌栓形成相关（P<0.05）；PD-L1 高表达的TNBC淋巴结转移率高及脉管癌栓形成高，PD-L1的表达与MVD呈正相关关系（r=0.500，P=0.02），PD-L1 的表达与LVD呈正相关（r=0.662，P=0.01）。Log-Rank检验结果显示，PDL1蛋白表达阳性TNBC患者的生存期均显著低于表达阴性的患者（P<0.05)。Cox 多因素分析提示，PD-L1 蛋白表达可作为TNBC整体生存的独立预后因素。结论：PD-L1 在TNBC血管生成及淋巴管生成中起重要作用，其与TNBC的侵袭、转移关系密切，阻断PD1/PD-L1 信号通路有望成为治疗TNBC的有效新策略。     

64层螺旋CT三维成像在腹部来源不明肿瘤诊断中的应用效果

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT三维成像在腹部来源不明肿瘤诊断中的应用效果。方法:采用回顾性、总结性研究方法，选择2014年6月到2018年2月在我院经手术病理证实的腹部来源不明肿瘤患者122例，术中病理诊断为良性肿瘤42例(良性组)和恶性肿瘤80例(恶性组)，所有患者都给予64层螺旋CT三维扫描与重建，记录影像学特征，判断诊断效果。结果:良性组与恶性组的CT图像质量主观评分分别为(3.89±0.45)分和(4.54±0.34)分，对比差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。恶性组平扫期、动脉期、门脉期的CT值都显著高于良性组(P＜0.05)。在122例患者中，以CPR/MPR/VR/MIP显示肿瘤供血动脉100例，占比82.0%。恶性组中79例中显示供血动脉，良性肿瘤中21例显示供血动脉，对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。CT判断恶性肿瘤79例，良性肿瘤43例，对腹部来源不明肿瘤的诊断敏感性与特异性分别为98.8%和100.0%。结论:腹部肿瘤来源不同，特别增大时诊断困难；64层螺旋CT三维成像可立体、直观地显示肿瘤形态及与周围器官的关系，而且可以显示肿瘤血供，为手术提供可靠依据。     

Lymphatic spread of T2 gallbladder carcinoma: Regional lymphadenectomy is required independent of tumor location

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the incidence and distribution of regional lymph node metastasis according to tumor location, and to clarify whether tumor location could determine the extent of regional lymphadenectomy in patients with pathological T2 (pT2) gallbladder carcinoma.MethodsIn total, 81 patients with pT2 gallbladder carcinoma (25 with pT2a tumors and 56 with pT2b tumors) who underwent radical resection were enrolled. Tumor location was determined histologically in each gallbladder specimen.ResultsSurvival after resection was significantly worse in patients with pT2b tumors than those with pT2a tumors (5-year survival, 72% vs. 96%; p = 0.027). Tumor location was an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 14.162; p = 0.018). The incidence of regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in patients with pT2b tumors than in those with pT2a tumors (46% vs. 20%; p = 0.028). However, the number of positive nodes was similar between the two groups (median, 2 vs. 2; p = 0.910). For node-positive patients with pT2b tumors, metastasis was found in every regional node group (12%–63%), whereas even for node-positive patients with pT2a tumors, metastasis was observed in regional node groups outside the hepatoduodenal ligament.ConclusionsTumor location in patients with pT2 gallbladder carcinoma can predict the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastasis but not the number and anatomical distribution of positive regional lymph nodes. The extent of regional lymphadenectomy should not be changed even in patients with pT2a tumors, provided that they are fit enough for surgery.     

T3、T4期结直肠癌淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的探讨T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移危险因素,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2017年12月在空军军医大学西京消化病医院行结直肠癌根治术的1112例T3、T4期结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,分析淋巴结转移状态与临床病理因素及肿瘤标志物的相关性,应用logistic多因素回归法分析淋巴结转移的相关危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄、肿瘤部位分层的结直肠癌患者间淋巴结转移率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),淋巴结转移率在不同肿瘤长径[<5 cm和≥5 cm分别为37.75%(211/559)、52.26%(289/553),χ^2=23.666,P<0.01]、大体类型[浸润、溃疡、蕈伞、隆起分别为37.04%(20/54)、47.52%(432/909)、34.33%(23/67)、69.51%(57/82),χ^2=13.787,P=0.003]、分化程度[高、中、低分化分别为34.11%(102/299)、49.00%(317/647)、48.80%(81/166),χ^2=19.771,P<0.01]、错配修复缺陷(dMMR)[是和否分别为26.34%(64/243)、50.17%(436/869),χ^2=43.996,P<0.01]、神经侵犯[是和否分别为48.17%(421/874)、33.20%(79/238),χ^2=16.954,P<0.01]、脉管侵犯[是和否分别为79.16%(338/427)、23.65%(162/685),χ^2=327.493,P<0.01]以及术前癌胚抗原(CEA)[阳性(≥5 mg/ml)和阴性(<5 mg/ml)分别为52.87%(249/471)、39.16%(251/641),χ^2=20.162,P<0.01]和CA199[阳性(≥35 U/ml)和阴性(<35 U/ml)分别为59.33%(124/209)、41.64%(376/903),χ^2=21.465,P<0.01]分层患者间差异均有统计学意义。logistic多因素回归分析显示,脉管侵犯和术前CA199阳性是T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移独立危险因素(OR=13.006,95%CI 9.329~17.276,P<0.01;OR=2.194,95%CI 1.513~3.181,P<0.01),dMMR阳性是淋巴结转移的保护性因素(OR=0.279,95%CI 0.190~0.411,P<0.01)。结论脉管侵犯是T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移的主要危险因素。术前肿瘤标志物CA199的检测可以作为预测T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移状态的指标,一定程度上可为诊疗方案的制订提供参考。     

Long term outcomes after bare metal stent implantation

Long term outcome data after BMS implant is not available from the Indian subcontinent. This is a prospective observational study which aims to study long term outcomes after BMS implant at a tertiary care centre. 100 consecutive patients underwent BMS implant and were followed up for 20 years. LAD was the most common vessel involved and different types of BMS were implanted. All-cause mortality was noted in 21% (n = 21) whereas cardiac mortality was seen in 16% (n = 16). Cumulative revascularisation free survival at 20 years was 71%. The study showed that long term outcomes after BMS implant were fare and acceptable.     

cN0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者侧颈区淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析462例临床淋巴结阴性(cN0)的PTMC患者的术前彩超及临床病理资料,应用χ~2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析侧颈区淋巴结转移危险因素。结果:全组患者中PTMC中央区淋巴结转移率为38.5%,侧颈区淋巴结转移率为23.6%。单因素分析显示,性别(χ~2=7.312,P0.05)、肿瘤直径(χ~2=14.321,P0.001)、包膜受侵(χ~2=21.689,P0.001)、多灶癌(χ~2=13.086,P0.001)、中央区淋巴结阳性(χ~2=69.421,P0.001)、肿瘤位置(χ~2=19.028,P0.001)与侧颈区淋巴结转移明显有关;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=1.758)、肿瘤直径≥7mm(OR=1.710)、包膜受侵(OR=3.337)、多灶(OR=1.778)、中央区淋巴结阳性(OR=7.504)、肿瘤位于上极(OR=4.084)是PTMC患者侧颈区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。侧颈区淋巴结的转移风险随中央区淋巴结转移数目的增多而增加(≥3枚:OR=19.957)。结论:cN0期PTMC的侧颈淋巴结转移与多个因素有关,对于存在这些危险因素的患者,首次手术治疗时应考虑行患侧侧颈区淋巴结探查。