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1.
ObjectiveTo identify if disparate trends in the access and use of nursing home (NH) services among Black and Latino older adults compared with White older adults persist. Access was operationalized as the NHs that served Black, Latino, and White residents. Use was operationalized as the utilization of NH services by Black, Latino, and White residents.DesignThis was an observational study analyzing facility-level data from LTCfocus for 2011 to 2017.Setting and ParticipantsAll NH residents present in US NHs participating in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services program on the first Thursday in April in the years 2011 to 2017. NHs with fewer than 4500 bed-days per year are excluded in the LCTfocus dataset. Black, Latino, and White were the racial/ethnic groups of interest.MethodsWe calculated the mean percentage of each racial/ethnic group in NHs (Black, Latino, White) annually along with the number of NHs that provided care for these groups. We conducted a simple trend analysis using ordinary least squares to estimate the change in NH access and use by racial/ethnic group over time.ResultsOur NH sample ranged from 15,564 in 2011 to 14,956 in 2017. Latino residents' use of NHs increased by 20.47% and Black residents increased by 11.42%, whereas there was a 1.36% decrease in White residents’ use of NHs. In this 7-year span, there was a 4.44% and 6.41% decline in the number of NHs that serve any Black and Latino older adults, respectively, compared with a 2.26% decline in NHs that serve only White older adults (access).Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings reveal a continued disproportionate rise in Black and Latino older adults’ use of NHs while the number of NHs that serve this population have declined. This work can inform federal and state policies to ensure access to long-term care services and supports in the community for all older adults and prevent inappropriate NH closures.  相似文献   
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目的:研究在不同温度下不同磁场强度对体外血液的影响,为不同磁场对血液影响的研究提供参考思路。方法:大鼠随机分为室温组(25 ℃)和低温组(0~4 ℃),每个温度组又分别设置地磁场组(GMF)、亚磁场组(HMF)、强磁场组(SMF)和超强磁场组(ESMF)。处理2 h后,立即取血清,对其中的谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-DPG)的含量进行检测。结果:短时间(2 h)室温下ESMF能够使GOT活性显著下降(P<0.01),GPT活性出现下降趋势;低温环境或许能加强各磁场对GOT和GPT的效应;室温下HMF、SMF和ESMF以及低温下HMF和SMF都使2,3-DPG出现上升趋势,低温环境下ESMF能够使2,3-DPG显著降低(P<0.005);不同温度下各磁场对SOD活性暂无影响。结论:短时间亚磁场将保护体外血液蛋白酶活性,同时,血样运输中应避免超强磁场的负面影响。为揭示磁场效应机制以及临床和科研中血样的保存技术开发提供了必要的基础依据和线索,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。  相似文献   
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轻度认知障碍(Mild cognition impairment, MCI)是尚未达到阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)的诊断标准且可逆转为正常脑老化状态的最佳窗口期。情志异常、肝失疏泄(肝失疏泄日久致肝郁)已被证实为MCI的重要情志病机,且“长期负性情绪积累肝失疏泄致衰加速脑老化”的科学假说已在本课题组前期研究中得到初步证实,疏肝法干预肝郁型MCI患者疗效显著,但以上作用机制尚未得到完全阐述。因此本研究系统总结了中医学对MCI的认识,长期情绪不调肝失疏泄对MCI的影响及可能机制,疏肝解郁方药及其成分改善肝郁型MCI的可行性,并提出使用无束缚性设计的眼动技术以探索疏肝法改善肝郁型MCI的可行性,为MCI的中医药干预及其神经机制探讨提供新思路,为中医情志衰老学说增添新内涵。  相似文献   
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目的 探究基于虚拟现实(VR)的视觉训练对集合不足受试者视功能与主观问卷的影响以及长期疗效的观察。 方法 研究共纳入集合不足受试者36例,将受试者随机分入基于虚拟现实的视觉训练组(VR组)及传统训练组(OBVAT组)。训练时长为每周1 h,共12周。在训练前、训练第6周、训练第12周及训练结束后6个月完成双眼视功能参数及主观问卷调查(CISS)。 结果 重复测量方差分析结果显示,集合不足的受试者(包括VR组与OBVAT组)进行视觉训练12周后,CISS得分降低、集合近点减小、正融像性聚散范围值增加,视近外隐斜减小(P<0.001)。VR组与OBVAT组集合不足的受试者在训练结束后6个月的视功能参数与训练12周相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。VR组与OBVAT组之间各项参数的组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 研究结果显示基于虚拟现实的视觉训练可以显著改善集合不足受试者的主观症状与视功能参数,与传统训练方法相比无统计学差异;在训练结束后6个月,仍可维持一定效果。  相似文献   
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Age-related cognitive decline is the major cause of concern due to its 70% more incidence than dementia cases worldwide. Moreover, aging is also the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with progressive memory loss. Approx. 13 million people will have Alzheimer-related memory decline by 2050. Learning and memory is the fundamental process of brain functions. However, the mechanism for the same is still under investigation. Thus, it is critical to understand the process of memory consolidation in the brain and extrapolate its understanding to the memory decline mechanism. Research on learning and memory has identified several molecular signatures such as Protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) crucial for the maintenance and stabilization of long-term memory in the brain. Interestingly, memory decline in AD has also been linked to the abnormality in expressing these memory-related molecular signatures. Hence, in the present consolidated review, we explored the role of these memory-related molecular signatures in long-term memory consolidation. Additionally, the effect of amyloid-beta toxicity on these molecular signatures is discussed in detail.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesTo (1) estimate incidence, trends, and determinants of government-subsidized diagnostic radiography (ie, plain x-ray) services utilization by Australian long-term care facility (LTCF) residents between 2009 and 2016; (2) examine national variation in services used.DesignA repeated cross-sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsAustralian LTCF residents who were ≥65 years old.MethodsMedicare Benefits Schedule subsidized plain x-rays employed for diagnosing fall-related injuries, pneumonia, heart failure, and acute abdomen or bowel obstruction were identified. Yearly sex- and age-standardized utilization rates were calculated. Poisson and negative binomial regression models were employed. Facility-level variation was examined graphically. Overall and examination site–specific analyses were conducted.ResultsA total of 521,497 LTCF episodes for 453,996 individuals living in 3018 LTCFs were examined. The median age was 84 years (interquartile range 79-88), 65% (n = 339,116) were women, and 53.9% (n = 281,297) had dementia. In addition, 34.5% (n = 179,811) of episodes had at least one x-ray service. Overall, there was a 12% increase in utilization between 2009 and 2016 (from 535/1000 in 2009 to 602/1000 person-years in 2016, incidence rate ratio=1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.02). Factors associated with x-ray use included being 80-89 years old, being a man, not having dementia, having multiple health conditions (4-6 or ≥7 compared to 0-3), being at a smaller facility (0-24 bed compared to 50-74), facility located in the Australian state of New South Wales, or in major cities (compared to regional areas). National variation in x-ray service use, with largest differences observed by state, was detected.Conclusions and ImplicationsPlain x-ray service utilization by LTCF residents increased 12% between 2009 and 2016. Sex, age, dementia status, having multiple health conditions as well as facility size, and location were associated with plain x-ray use in LTCFs and use varied geographically. Differences in x-ray service utilization by residents highlight lack of consistent access and potential over- or underutilization.  相似文献   
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Introduction and objectivesLiver cirrhosis is a major public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The ANSWER trial showed that long-term human albumin (LTA) infusions led to significant reduction of complications and mortality in patients with uncomplicated ascites. The present study aimed to assess the incremental cost of cirrhosis patients treated with LTA plus standard medical treatment (SMT) versus those treated with SMT from the perspective of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).Material and methodsCost of illness for patients with cirrhosis and grade 2-3 ascites treated with SMT or with SMT and LTA (following the treatment regimen from ANSWER) over a one-year period was estimated according to the IMSS perspective. Rates of treatments, complications and hospitalizations were based on results from the ANSWER trial. Unit costs from IMSS were gathered from public sources and transformed to 2020 Mexican $ (Mex$).ResultsThe use of LTA is estimated to require additional annual expenditure derived from the pharmacological cost of human albumin and by the follow up visits required for LTA administration (Mex$28,128). However, this cost may potentially be counterbalanced by the reduction in paracentesis, cirrhosis-related complications and hospitalizations which would lead to cost savings of Mex$33,417 per patient/year.ConclusionsBased on the ANSWER trial results, our study suggests that LTA may result in improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs for the IMSS when administered to cirrhosis patients with uncomplicated ascites.  相似文献   
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上前牙美学区在拔牙后常发生唇侧牙槽骨吸收、塌陷,极大影响种植后前牙区的美学效果。为了尽可能保存唇侧软、硬组织,近年来有学者提出了“盾构术”的概念,即通过保留唇侧部分牙根,以保存束状骨-牙周膜复合体,从而减少吸收。本文就“盾构术”近年来的研究进展进行回顾,并对影响“盾构术”效果的因素及其较传统即刻种植的优势与局限性进行综述。  相似文献   
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