不同丙戊酸负荷量对癫痫持续状态的治疗效果分析

目的了解不同丙戊酸负荷量对癫痫持续状态患儿的治疗效果。方法收集2013年1月1日至2017年12月31日在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院重症监护室住院治疗的癫痫持续状态患儿的病例资料,根据丙戊酸负荷量进行分组,了解各组患儿癫痫持续状态的控制情况。结果(1)66例癫痫持续状态患儿,包括癫痫36例(54.5%),颅内感染16例(24.2%),缺氧窒息3例(4.5%),颅内肿瘤2例(3.0%),脑发育异常2例(3.0%),颅内出血2例(3.0%),病因不明确5例(7.6%)。(2)所有癫痫持续状态患儿根据不同的丙戊酸负荷量(0 mg/kg,10~15 mg/kg,16~39 mg/kg,40 mg/kg)分为4组,各组间的性别、年龄差异无统计学意义,癫痫持续状态控制时间和癫痫控制情况差异无统计学意义(P=0.402、0.340)。(3)所有患儿予丙戊酸钠应用后都有监测肝功能,无一例患儿出现肝功能损害的表现。结论不同丙戊酸负荷量对于癫痫持续状态患儿的治疗效果无明显差异,并且接受负荷量为40 mg/kg治疗的癫痫持续状态患儿未出现相关不良反应。     

负荷量苯巴比妥预防新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及颅内出血

观察重度窒息儿静注苯巴比妥预防新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及颅内出血的效果。方法：选择本院产科出生的重度窦息儿６０例为观察对象,随机分为用药组和对照组各３０例。用药组转入我科后即给予苯巴比妥钠荷量２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,１２小时后给予维持量５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ,共７天。     

Noninvasive loading of the rat ulna in vivo induces a strain-related modeling response uncomplicated by trauma or periostal pressure

Adaptive changes in bone modeling in response to noninvasive, cyclic axial loading of the rat ulna were compared with those using 4-point bending of the tibia. Twenty cycles daily of 4-point bending for 10 days were applied to rat tibiae through loading points 23 and 11 mm apart. Control bones received nonbending loads through loading points 11 mm apart. As woven bone was produced in both situations, any strain-related response was confounded by the response to direct periosteal pressure. Four-point bending is not, therefore, an ideal mode of loading for the investigation of strain-related adaptive modeling. The ulna's adaptive response to daily axial loading over 9 days was investigated in 30 rats. Groups 1–3 were loaded for 1200 cycles: Group 1 at 10 Hz and 20 N, Group 2 at 10 Hz and 15 N, and Group 3 at 20 Hz and 15 N. Groups 4 and 5 received 12,000 cycles of 20 N and 15 N at 10 Hz. Groups 1 and 4 showed a similar amount of new bone formation. Group 4 showed the same pattern of response but in reduced amount. The responses in Groups 2 and 3 were either small or absent. Strains were measured with single-element, miniature strain gauges bonded around the circumference of dissected bones. The 20 N loading induced peak strains of 3500–4500 strain. The width of the periosteal new bone response was proportional to the longitudinal strain at each point around the bone's circumference. It appears that when a bone is loaded in a normal strain distribution, an osteogenic response occurs when peak physiological strains are exceeded. In this situation the amount of new bone formed at each location is proportional to the local surface strain. Cycle numbers between 1200 and 12,000, and cycle frequencies between 10 and 20 Hz have no effect on the bone's adaptive response.     

Static Compressive Loading Reduces the mRNA Expression of Type II and X Collagen in Rat Growth-Plate Chondrocytes During Postnatal Growth

The mechanisms by which chondrocytes modulate longitudinal bone growth are not well understood. This in vitro study investigated the effects of loading on the mRNA expression pattern of key molecular components of the growth-plate related to the extracellular matrix (type II and type X collagen) and the PTH-PTHrP feedback loop. Short-term static compressive loading was applied to rat proximal tibial growth-plate explants. Four age groups at specific developmental stages were investigated. The spatial variation in the mRNA expression was compared among loaded explants, their contralateral sham controls, and uncultured growth plates from normal animals. Basic cell metabolism (18S rRNA) was unaffected by load. Results indicated a narrower spatial distribution of mRNA expression of type II collagen throughout the growth plate; similarly, a narrowed distribution of expression of type X collagen was noted in the lower hypertrophic zone of the growth-plate. This suggests that mechanical compression influences chondrocytes of the hypertrophic zone to alter their expression of specific genes encoding proteins of the extracellular matrix, while PTH-PTHrP receptor mRNA, a regulatory protein, remained unaffected by loading. The effects of compression were similar at the different stages of growth, suggesting that additional factors may be involved in the clinical progression of skeletal deformities observed during growth spurts. Although this study was done in vitro and limited to static loading, it furthers our understanding of growth-plate mechanobiology as a first step toward providing a scientific rationale for treating progressive musculoskeletal deformities.     

Fructose Malabsorption is Associated with Decreased Plasma Tryptophan

Background: Fructose malabsorption is characterized by the inability to absorb fructose efficiently. As a consequence fructose reaches the colon where it is broken down by bacteria to short fatty acids, CO₂, H₂, CH₄ and lactic acid. Bloating, cramps, osmotic diarrhea and other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are the consequence and can be seen in about 50% of fructose malabsorbers. Recently it was found that fructose malabsorption was associated with early signs of depressive disorders. Therefore, it was investigated whether fructose malabsorption is associated with abnormal tryptophan metabolism. Methods: Fifty adults (16 men, 34 women) with gastrointestinal discomfort were analyzed by measuring breath hydrogen concentrations after an oral dose of 50 g fructose after an overnight fast. They were classified as normals or fructose malabsorbers according to their breath H₂ concentrations. All patients filled out a Beck depression inventory questionnaire. Blood samples were taken for plasma tryptophan and kynurenine measurements. Results:     

Importance of vancomycin loading doses in intermittent infusion regimens

Purpose

Delayed achievement of target vancomycin serum concentrations may adversely affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this retrospective study was to explore the real frequency of loading dose use and to evaluate the impact of loading dose for the achievement of vancomycin PK/PD target in adult patients treated with intermittent vancomycin. As a secondary aim we determined optimal vancomycin loading dose based on individual pharmacokinetic calculations.

骨桥蛋白在不同种植方式种植义齿骨界面改建中的变化及意义

目的:对比埋植型与非埋植型种植体在义齿修复受载后种植体-骨界面中骨桥蛋白表达变化的异同。方法:选用纯系动物Beagle犬8只,在其下颌分别植入埋植型与非埋植型种植体,采用固定金属全冠行种植义齿修复,分不同时期处死动物。采用免疫组化方法,对修复后不同时期埋植型与非埋植型种植体-骨界面骨桥蛋白进行动态观察,比较两者之间的异同。结果:免疫组化观察发现,种植义齿修复受载后,随着种植体周围骨组织发生改建,种植体-骨界面表达骨桥蛋白较未修复对照组明显增强。2周时界面骨桥蛋白有表达,但与对照组无差异;4周和8周时明显高于对照组,并于8周时达到高峰;12周时恢复到与对照组相近。埋植型和非埋植型种植体之间无显著差异。结论:埋植型和非埋植型种植体在义齿修复受载后,所承受的机械负荷均能经过种植体传递至周围骨组织,刺激种植体-骨界面骨桥蛋白表达。     

不同载荷下腰1椎体内应力分布规律的有限元分析

目的:观察腰1(L1)椎体在不同载荷作用下椎体内应力分布情况,探讨其应力分布规律及临床意义.方法:选取1例27岁健康男性志愿者,以层厚1 mm进行T12～L2脊柱节段CT扫描,将原始数据存盘.运用3D软件、Auto CAD系统及ANSYS 6.0有限元软件建立正常人体胸腰段(T12～L2)运动节段的三维有限元模型.在T12椎体上表面施加不同等级的压力(400N、600N、800N、1000N、1200N),模拟脊柱的轴向压缩载荷;在T12椎体上表面施加不同等级压力(400N、600N、800N、1000N、1200N)的同时再施30N·m的弯矩,模拟脊柱的屈曲压缩载荷.将连接L1椎体上下终板凹面最低点的连线7等份,在此基础上将T1椎体中的松质骨划分为7个具有统计节点的层面,每个统计层面划分成9个统计区(椎体前部A1、A2和A3区,椎体中部M1、M2和M3区,椎体后部P1、P2和P3区).测量L1椎体松质骨中间3个层面9个统计区的平均应力值,将9个统计区划分成6个组,分别为Ⅰ组A1、A2、A3,Ⅱ组M1、M2、M3,Ⅲ组P1、P2、P3,Ⅳ组A1、M1、P1Ⅴ组A2、M2、P2,Ⅵ组A3、M3、P3.比较同一等级载荷下9个统计区的应力分布情况,并对6个组内的松质骨应力值进行两两配对t检验,分析L1椎体内不同载荷作用下应力分布情况.结果:轴向加载时同一等级载荷下,Ⅲ组内P2松质骨平均应力值与P1、P3比较,Ⅳ组内P1与A1、M1比较,Ⅴ组内P2与A2、M2比较,Ⅵ组内P3与A3、M3比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组内的数据经两两比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);椎体后部P区(P1,P2,P3)的应力值与M区、A区比较最大,其中P2区应力最大.屈曲加载时同一等级载荷下,Ⅰ组内A2与A1、A3比较,Ⅱ组内M2与M1、M3比较,Ⅲ组内P2与P1、P3比较,Ⅳ组内A1与M1、P1比较,Ⅴ组内A2与M2、P2比较,Ⅵ组内A3与M3、P3比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ⅰ组内A1与A3比较,Ⅱ组内M1与M3比较,Ⅲ组内P1与P3比较,Ⅳ组内M1与P1比较,均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);椎体前部A区(A1,A2,A3)的应力值与M区、P区比较最大,A2区应力最大.结论:L1椎体在不同载荷作用下,松质骨内存在着应力分布的集中趋势;轴向加载时应力集中的部位靠近椎体后缘中央,屈曲加载时应力集中的部位靠近椎体前缘中央.     

SiRNA-phospholipid conjugates for gene and drug delivery in cancer treatment

Due to low charge density and stiff backbone structure, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has inherently poor binding ability to cationic polymers and lipid carriers, which results in low siRNA loading efficiency and limits siRNA success in clinical application. Here, siRNA-phospholipids conjugates are developed, which integrate the characteristics of the two phospholipids to self-assemble via hydrophilic siRNA and hydrophobic phospholipid tails to overcome the siRNA's stiff backbone structures and enhance the siRNA loading efficiency. In this study, the thiol-modified sense and antisense siRNA are chemically conjugated with phospholipids to form sense and antisense siRNA-phospholipid, and then these sense or antisense siRNA-phospholipids with equal amounts are annealed to generate siRNA-phospholipids. The siRNA-phospholipids can serve dual functions as agents that can silence gene expression and as a component of nanoparticles to embed hydrophobic anticancer drugs to cure tumor. siRNA-phospholipids together with cationic lipids and DSPE-PEG2000 fuse around PLGA to form siRNA-phospholipids enveloped nanoparticles (siRNA-PCNPs), which can deliver siRNAs and hydrophobic anticancer drugs into tumor. In animal models, intravenously injected siRNA-PCNPs embedded DOX (siPlk1-PCNPs/DOX) is highly effective in inhibiting tumor growth. The results indicate that the siRNA-PCNPs can be potentially applied as a safe and efficient gene and anticancer drug delivery carrier.     

力学载荷干预骨缺损原位修复的实验模型研究

组织工程复合物用于骨缺损治疗是目前研究的热点,力学载荷对组织工程复合物在体成骨具有重要意义,相关研究越来越受到研究者们的关注.在组织工程研究领域,建立标准化的动物模型是进行实验研究的基础,用于探索不同力学载荷环境对骨缺损原位修复的影响及其作用机制.综述了力学载荷干预骨缺损修复实验模型的建立方法,对常用的动物选择、缺损制备、固定方法及载荷加载方式进行总结,为相关研究提供实验模型选择方面的参考.