长链非编码RNA在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(AD)属于慢性神经退行性疾病,是引起老年痴呆的主要病因.AD发病机制复杂,临床预后极差.长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)是一类不能编码蛋白,通过转录及转录后水平调节基因的表达,参与了癌症、神经系统、心血管系统以及衰老等病理生理过程.lncRNAs与AD的发生发展相关在1992年首次提出之后,不同lncRNAs在AD中的作用受到广泛关注.现对近年来lncRNAs与AD的相关研究进行概述,以期为AD的防治提供新思路.     

LINC00205 promotes proliferation,migration and invasion of HCC cells by targeting miR-122-5p

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial regulators in the tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 205 (LINC00205) has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in HCC. However, the biological role of LINC0205 and its potential molecular mechanism are poorly investigated. Here, we found that the expression of LINC00205 was dramatically up-regulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent nontumor tissues. Furthermore, the level of LINC00205 in both Hep3B and Huh7 cells was prominently higher than that in normal hepatic cell line LO2. Notably, the high expression of LINC00205 was strongly correlated with tumor size ≥5 cm, venous infiltration and advanced tumor stages. Functionally, LINC00205 knockdown obviously repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of Hep3B and Huh7 cells in vitro. An inverse correlation between LINC00205 and miR-122-5p was detected in HCC tissues. Interestingly, LINC00205 knockdown increased the level of miR-122-5p in both Hep3B and Huh7 cells. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated LINC00205 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by directly interacting with miR-122-5p. More importantly, miR-122-5p overexpression significantly restrained the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Collectively, our study provides solid evidence to support the oncogenic role of LINC00205 in HCC, which may be benefit for the improvement of HCC therapy.     

组蛋白甲基化与lncRNAs的表达调控

LncRNAs是长度超过200 nt非编码蛋白质的RNA分子,并参与细胞内多种调控过程.LncRNA在发育和基因表达中发挥着复杂精确的调控功能,补充解释了基因组复杂性的生物意义,同时也使人们重新认识了生命过程中基因表达调控网络的复杂性.LncRNA参与了X染色体沉默、基因组印记、染色质修饰、转录激活、转录干扰以及核内运输等多种重要的调控过程.组蛋白修饰是基因表达调控的重要形式,尤其是组蛋白甲基化的调控作用.研究发现组蛋白甲基化对基因异常表达的调控参与多种肿瘤的发生.组蛋白去甲基化酶的发现又提出了一种新的理念,即组蛋白甲基化对lncRNA表达调控作用,这将是基因表达调控研究的新领域.     

Current advances of long non-coding RNAs mediated by wnt signaling in glioma

Glioma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), in which Wnt signaling pathway has been verified to play a pivotal role in regulating the initiation and progression. Currently, numerous studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical functions across biological processes including cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and apoptosis via Wnt signaling pathway in glioma. This review depicts canonical and non-canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway properties and relative processing mechanisms in gliomas, and summarizes the function and regulation of lncRNAs mediated by Wnt signaling pathway in the development and progression of glioma. Ultimately, we hope to seek out promising biomarkers and reliable therapeutic targets for glioma.     

Long non-coding RNA CEBPA-AS1 correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis via CEBPA/Bcl2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies affecting the head and neck region with a general 5-year survival rate about 50%. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are believed to participate in diverse biological processes and are emerging as convenient and minimally invasive diagnostic/prognostic/therapeutic markers. The aim of this study was to explore CEBPA-AS1 role and mechanism in OSCC tumorigenesis. In this study, CEBPA-AS1 localized in the cytoplasm and the peri-nuclear cellular compartment functioning as a potential oncogene up-regulated in OSCC was correlated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and high clinical stage, which made it considered to be a prognostic biomarker. Silence of CEBPA-AS1 inhibited OSCC cells proliferation and induced cells apoptosis, migration and invasion by targeting CEBPA and via a novel pathway CEBPA/Bcl2. Our findings provided the first evidence for the lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 regulatory network in OSCC tumorigenesis, which might be helpful to improve the effects of clinical treatment in OSCC.     

LncRNA与心血管疾病的研究进展

研究发现,人基因组中具有编码蛋白质功能的转录产物仅占约2%,其余大部分均为非编码RNAs。长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNA,LncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA。研究表明LncRNA在心血管疾病中存在差异表达,并且通过不同的作用机制在心血管疾病的调控网络中发挥作用,参与心血管疾病的发生发展。本综述对近年来LncRNA与心血管疾病的研究进展进行总结,并将对其作为心血管疾病新型分子标记物及治疗靶点的可行性进行探讨。     

LncRNAs在肾癌中的作用机制及免疫治疗发展趋势

随着生物信息学技术的进步、高通量测序的应用,发现了大量的功能性的lncRNAs.它可以表现为抑癌基因、致癌基因甚至是同一LncRNAs在不同的环境及组织中表现出抑癌、致癌双重功能,并参与肿瘤的发生发展.研究表明,LncRNAs在肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭、迁移以及肿瘤的转移及耐药等多种生物学进程中起着关键性的作用,因而有望成为肿瘤生物标记物以及药物治疗新靶点用于肿瘤诊断、治疗、预后预测.     

长链非编码 RNA 与肿瘤耐药性的研究进展

化学药物治疗（简称化疗）是癌症患者的主要治疗方法之一,但肿瘤的多药耐药（ Multidrug resistance,MDR）是限制目前肿瘤化疗方案疗效的基本问题,其耐药机制至今尚未被完全阐明。 lncRNAs可通过表观修饰、转录、转录后加工等多种途径调节基因表达。近期研究表明,lncRNAs对靶基因的异常调控与肿瘤耐药密切相关。因此,lncRNAs有望成为提高肿瘤的化疗敏感性,逆转化疗耐药的新靶点。本文就近年来lncRNAs与肿瘤耐药关系及调控机制的研究进展做一综述。     

长链非编码RNA在肿瘤微环境中的调控作用

长链非编码RNAs(Long non-coding RNA,LncRNAs)是一类转录本长度大于200个核苷酸,不编码蛋白质的RNA。其表达异常与多种人类疾病的发生和发展密切相关。研究表明,LncRNAs通过调控多种肿瘤相关免疫细胞的分化及功能,调节机体肿瘤免疫应答;另一方面,LncRNAs通过调控多种炎性因子的表达,影响肿瘤微环境。本文就LncRNAs对肿瘤微环境的调节作用进行简要综述。