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1.
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
2.
Background and aimsPreserved nutritional status in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is important but lacks an effective evaluation method. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of objective nutritional indexes (ONIs) in LVO patients after EVT that were validated by studies in patients with other vascular diseases receiving intervention therapy and to develop a functional prediction nomogram for better stroke management.Methods and resultsLVO patients undergoing EVT from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and randomly classified into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. The ONIs, including the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), were calculated. A stepwise logistic regression model for 3-month poor functional outcome based on the smallest Akaike information criterion was employed to develop the nomogram, and the nomogram's determination and clinical use were tested by area under the curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis and compared with three earlier prognostic models. A total of 418 patients were enrolled. The CONUT independently related and increased the risk of 3-month poor functional outcome with an OR of 1.387 (95% CI: 1.133–1.698, p = 0.002). A nomogram including CONUT and other seven factors (AIC = 274.568) was developed. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.847 (95% CI: 0.799–0.894) and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.755–0.916) in the training and validation cohort, respectively, with better predictive performance and clinical utility than previous models.ConclusionThe CONUT independently related to the poor functional outcome, and the newly established nomogram reliably predicted the functional outcome in LVO patients after EVT.  相似文献   
3.
根据高校中医儿科学本科课程特点,从教学改革出发,详细阐述了线上线下相结合的混合式对分课堂教学模式。结合在线开放共享平台的网络课程,学生自主学习基本知识、掌握重点并内化吸收,课堂教学由教师提纲挈领强化重点内容,以讨论的形式执行交互式学习,鼓励自主性学习,提升学习积极性,课后学生利用在线课程资源学习体会名老中医学术经验及临证医案,从理论学习过渡到临床实践的思考并深化。指出网络课程与课堂教学在整个教学体系是不可分割的,既不重复又各有侧重,明确课堂仍是教育发展的核心,应不断完善过程考评,落实终点考评,从而全面提升教学质量。针对解决传统课堂无法破解学生全面发展的问题、教师进步和职业幸福感的问题以及学生的素质和应试水平共同提高三大难题提出了好的思路和方法。  相似文献   
4.
目的构建“社区护理学”课程形成性评价体系,以更加客观、全面地评价学生的综合能力。方法在文献回顾的基础上由研究小组初步拟定函询问卷,运用德尔菲法进行2轮专家函询,形成“社区护理学”课程形成性评价体系,包括评价指标和评价形式、标准、主体,并用层次分析法确定各指标权重。结果2轮专家函询问卷回收率为100%,判断系数、熟悉系数和权威系数分别为0.872、0.846和0.820。变异系数为0~0.183,协调系数W为0.257和0.436。最终确立评价体系:评价指标包括3个一级指标,14个二级指标,19个三级指标;11个评价形式,35个评价标准和3个评价主体。结论“社区护理学”课程形成性评价体系构建科学可靠,能够为客观、全面地评价学生学习效果提供量化参考依据。  相似文献   
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6.
目的探讨多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗教学中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院疼痛科进修的30名医师作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与观察组;对照组采用常规教学模式;观察组采用多元化联合教学模式,比较两组医师技能考核成绩、教学质量评分和满意度评分。结果观察组医师技能考核成绩优良率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);观察组医师对基础理论知识掌握、临床思维能力的提高、学习兴趣的激发、疾病诊治能力的提高4个方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论多元化联合教学模式可促进超声引导下疼痛介入治疗技能的提高,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力。  相似文献   
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8.
目的:探索临床医学导师制在卓越医生培养过程中的作用。方法:在山西医科大学临床医学本科生中设立“卓越医师培养试验班”实施导师制,并逐步推广至所有临床医学本科生中,观察学习情况及成果。结果:实行导师制的学生参加多项国际项目交流,获得多项省级以上、校级项目立项,多次在大学生创新创业大赛获奖,在大学生临床技能大赛中取得了好成绩。结论:与往届未实行导师制的临床本科生相比,实行导师制后学生们的学习积极性大大提高,在教育改革、临床技能操作、治疗方法思考等方面有显著提升。导师制对于卓越医生的培养有积极意义。  相似文献   
9.
The frequency of primary small intestinal adenocarcinoma is increasing but is still low. Its frequency is approximately 3% of that of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Considering that the small intestine occupies 90% of the surface area of the gastrointestinal tract, small intestinal adenocarcinoma is very rare. The main site of small intestinal adenocarcinoma is the proximal small intestine. Based on this characteristic, dietary animal proteins/lipids and bile concentrations are implicated and reported to be involved in carcinogenesis. Since most nutrients are absorbed in the proximal small intestine, the effect of absorbable intestinal content is a suitable explanation for why small intestinal adenocarcinoma is more common in the proximal small intestine. The proportion of aerobic bacteria is high in the proximal small intestine, but the absolute number of bacteria is low. In addition, the length and density of villi are greater in the proximal small intestine. However, the involvement of villi is considered to be low because the number of small intestinal adenocarcinomas is much smaller than that of colorectal adenocarcinomas. On the other hand, the reason for the low incidence of small intestinal adenocarcinoma in the distal small intestine may be that immune organs reside there. Genetic and disease factors increase the likelihood of small intestinal adenocarcinoma. In carcinogenesis experiments in which the positions of the small and large intestines were exchanged, tumors still occurred in the large intestinal mucosa more often. In other words, the influence of the intestinal contents is small, and there is a large difference in epithelial properties between the small intestine and the large intestine. In conclusion, small intestinal adenocarcinoma is rare compared to large intestinal adenocarcinoma due to the nature of the epithelium. It is reasonable to assume that diet is a trigger for small intestinal adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   
10.
目的观察基于"Miller金字塔"原理的分层教学模式在妇科腹腔镜模拟教学中的应用效果。方法以病房为单位按整群抽样法,将2019级全体妇产科住院医师分为试验组和对照组,每组各30人;对照组采用传统的教学模式,试验组采用将基于"Miller金字塔"原理的分层教学模式应用于腹腔镜模拟培训箱和手术模拟器的教学中。培训后,考核两组住院医师腹腔镜基础操作能力;应用客观结构化技能评价评分系统(OSATS)进行手术模拟考核,并在考核后完成教学满意度调查。结果完成6个月的培训后,试验组住院医师的腹腔镜基本操作技术考核成绩均显著高于对照组(P<0.001);试验组和对照组住院医师的手术模拟考核OSATS评分,在培训后较培训前均显著提高(P<0.05),但试验组的操作质量评分显著高于对照组(P<0.001),且操作完成用时显著少于对照组(P<0.001)。试验组在兴趣程度、可参与性、掌握程度和教学满意度上,均高于对照组,在学习难易程度上低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论基于"Miller金字塔"原理的分层教学模式在妇科住院医师腹腔镜技能培训中的应用效果优于传统的教学方法,值得进一步推广。  相似文献   
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