参芪润肠通便汤治疗小儿便秘的临床疗效

目的观察参芪润肠通便汤治疗小儿便秘的临床疗效。方法选定麻城市人民医院中医儿科门诊治疗的小儿便秘患儿80例,研究时段自2017年2月—2019年1月,按照治疗方式进行分组,分对照组(40例,常规药物治疗)、试验组(40例,参芪润肠通便汤治疗),回顾分析患儿临床资料,比较临床疗效、症状积分。结果试验组临床总有效率(95.00%)显著较对照组(77.50%)高,P<0.05;试验组治疗前1 d大便全程干燥、腹部胀满、胃纳减退评分与对照组相比存在差异,但P<0.05,治疗2周后两组上述评分均降低,且试验组较对照组低,P<0.05。结论针对小儿便秘患儿,参芪润肠通便汤可改善患者症状,促进其病情恢复,患儿整体状态得以改善,值得借鉴。     

大剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白治疗系统性红斑狼疮的疗效

目的探讨大剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白治疗系统性红斑狼疮的疗效。方法选取2015年12月～2018年12月在我院收治的系统性红斑狼疮患者100例,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例,对照组采用环磷酰胺静脉滴注、强的松口服、甲基强的松龙冲击治疗。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,使用大剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者血小板达高峰平均时间,明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动度评分(SLEDAI)、系统性红斑狼疮生活质量量表(SLEQOL)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的SLE-QOL评分、SLEDAI评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者4周内血小板上50%以上的为100%,明显高于对照组的76%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论大剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白对系统性红斑狼疮的治疗有积极的作用,能够控制疾病活动度,提高患者的生活质量,不会增加不良反应。     

Cancer Stem Cells and Circulatory Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC.     

广东省居民饮用凉茶及煲汤与鼻咽癌发病关系的流行病学研究

目的:探讨在广东鼻咽癌高发地区居民饮用凉茶及煲汤与鼻咽癌发病的关系，为制定高发区鼻咽癌预防措施提供依据。方法:选取广东肇庆地区在2010年至2013年新诊断的1 245例鼻咽癌为病例组。并按照居住地、性别、年龄为匹配条件，选取同时期1 293名健康对照。开展包括饮用凉茶及煲汤在内的生活饮食习惯的问卷调查。采用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析，计算各生活环境因素与鼻咽癌发病风险的比值比（odds ratio，OR）。结果:凉茶与煲汤与鼻咽癌的发病风险呈负相关。与不饮用凉茶人群相比，每年饮用凉茶与每月饮用凉茶的人群其发病风险均降低，OR值分别为0.65和 0.74；与不煲汤的人群相比，煲汤频率为每月一次以及每周一次时，其OR分别为0.55与0.51，P＜0.05。进一步对30种煲汤常用中药材进行调查，发现有7种具有保护作用，其中中药花旗参的保护作用最明显，其OR=0.18， 95%CI:0.05~0.73。结论:广东地区居民经常饮用凉茶及煲汤可降低鼻咽癌的发病风险，煲汤中的部分中药材的使用可能成为预防鼻咽癌的有效措施。     

The individual and joint effects of maternal 25(OH)D deficiency and gestational diabetes on infant birth size

Background and aimsTo examine the independent effect of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and its joint effect with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on infant birth size.Methods and resultsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in 15,724 mother-offspring dyads in Beijing, China between 2016 and 2017. Outcomes included infant birth weight Z-score (adjusted for gestational age and sex) and large for gestational age (LGA). Exposures were maternal 25(OH)D concentrations. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of exposures with continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Exposure-outcome associations were not observed when analyzing 25(OH)D concentrations continuously or in quartiles (P > 0.05); however, mothers with severely deficient 25(OH)D concentrations (n = 307) had a decreased risk of LGA compared with those with sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations (≥30.0 ng/mL; n = 5400) (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42, 0.93). Compared to mothers with no 25(OH)D deficiency (≥20.0 ng/mL) and no GDM (n = 7975), those with both 25(OH)D deficiency and GDM (n = 1090) had 0.15 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.21) higher infant birth weight Z-score and a higher risk of LGA (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.52). Maternal 25(OH)D deficiency and GDM had additive interaction on the risk of LGA (relative risk due to interaction: 0.18).ConclusionMothers with severely deficient 25(OH)D might have a decreased risk of LGA. However, the joint effect of maternal 25(OH)D deficiency and GDM might increase the risk of LGA. Our findings have clinical and public health implications and provide potential directions for future studies.     

Anatomically contoured large femoral heads can reduce iliopsoas impingement: A cadaver verification study

While use of large heads in total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to grow, concerns have been raised regarding anterior hip pain resulting from impingement of the prosthetic head against soft-tissues like the iliopsoas. To address these concerns, a new anatomically contoured head (ACH) was developed. In this study cadaver tests were utilized to show that iliopsoas impingement/tenting caused by conventional heads is significantly relieved with the more rounded and reduced distal profile of the ACH. Thus, the ACH implant may be able to decrease the risk of soft-tissue impingement with conventional heads, particularly in the smaller hip.     

抗血小板聚集治疗在大面积脑梗塞中的应用分析

目的探讨抗血小板聚集对大面积脑梗塞进行治疗的临床效果。方法选取100例大面积脑梗塞患者作为研究对象,并将其随机列入观察组和对照组,各50例。观察组应用抗血小板聚集进行治疗,对照组行常规治疗。对比分析两组的疗效。结果观察组的总有效率、神经功能的缺损积分以及日常生活能力的恢复情况均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论应用抗血小板聚集对大面积脑梗塞患者进行治疗,疗效确切,安全性强。     

Supersymmetric dark matter in the harsh light of the Large Hadron Collider

I review the status of the model of dark matter as the neutralino of supersymmetry in the light of constraints on supersymmetry given by the 7- to 8-TeV data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).