Analysis of landing performance and ankle injury in elite British artistic gymnastics using a modified drop land task: A longitudinal observational study

ObjectivesTo determine whether differences in landing force and asymmetry of landing force exist between gymnasts at the time of data collection versus those that subsequently experienced an ankle injury 12-months later.Study designProspective longitudinal observational design with baseline measures and 12 month follow up.SettingBritish Gymnastics National Training Centre.ParticipantsThirty-two asymptomatic elite level gymnasts from three artistic gymnastic squads (n = 15 senior female, n = 10 junior female and n = 7 senior male).Main outcome measuresA modified drop land task was used to quantify measures of landing performance. Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force (PVGRF) was used to measure landing force. The level of inter-limb asymmetry of landing force was calculated using the Limb Symmetry index (LSI). Other measures included injury incidence and percentage coefficient of variation (% CV).ResultsThere was no statistical difference for landing force (p = 0.481) and asymmetry of landing force (p = 0.698) when comparing injured and non-injured gymnasts. Most participants (69%) demonstrated inter-limb asymmetry of landing forces.ConclusionsOur findings observed inter-limb asymmetry of landing force in injured gymnasts, although uninjured gymnasts also exhibited asymmetry of landing force. Both magnitude of landing force and inter-limb asymmetries of landing force failed to identify the risk of ankle injury.     

Neuromuscular and biomechanical landing alterations persist in athletes returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) athletes show increased hamstrings activation and decreased knee flexion moments (KFMs) during single leg landing tasks at time of return-to-sport (RTS). Although these landing alterations seem protective in the short term, they might become undesirable if they persist after RTS. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate whether those landing alterations persist in the months following RTS.MethodsSixteen athletes who had an ACLR performed five unilateral landing tasks at three different time points (at RTS, and at 3 and 6 months after RTS) while KFMs and hamstrings activation were recorded. The following clinical parameters were registered: isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstrings, ACL return-to-sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI), Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, self-reported instability and single leg hop distance. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether landing deficits changed over time. Additionally, an explorative analysis was performed to assess whether those athletes whose deficits persisted the most could be identified based on baseline clinical parameters.ResultsThe ANOVA showed no differences in landing deficits between sessions, indicating persisting reduced KFMs and increased hamstrings activation in the injured leg compared with the contralateral leg. A significant improvement of the quadriceps concentric strength (at 120°/s), ACL-RSI score and jump distance of the single leg hop was found over time.ConclusionsLanding alterations were not resolved 6 months after RTS. Additional interventions may be needed to normalize landing alterations prior to return to sport.     

Sleep positions in children with Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea

ObjectivesTo assess sleep positions in children with both Down syndrome (DS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine if there is a preferred sleep position by severity of apnea.MethodsA single-center retrospective review of patients with both DS and OSA was performed. Caregivers reported sleep position utilized greater than 50% of observed sleep time. Accuracy of this report was confirmed through review of hypnograms from polysomnography studies.ResultsEighty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Median body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 and 56% of patients had a prior tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. The mean obstructive AHI (OAHI) was 25.33 with 90.4% having severe OSA, 9.6% having moderate OSA, and no patients having mild OSA. Reported sleep positions were skewed towards lateral/decubitus (82.9%) compared to prone (11.0%) and supine (6.1%). This was consistent with hypnogram data where 71% of total sleep time in lateral/decubitus positions compared to prone (13%) and supine (6%). The median changes in sleep position per patient was 5 (IQR: 3–6). Lower BMI (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.32–1.13) and tonsillectomy (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.7–18.19) were associated with lower OAHI. Sleep position was not associated with age (p = 0.19), sex (p = 0.66), race (p = 0.10), ethnicity (p = 0.68) nor history of tonsillectomy (p = 0.34). Preferred sleep position was not correlated with OAHI (p = 0.78, r = 0.03) or OSA severity (p = 0.72, r = 0.03).ConclusionsThis study highlights the possibility that children with DS may have preferential sleep positions that cater to optimized airflow in the context of OSA although further prospective study is needed.     

Thirty-seven jump-landing biomechanical variables are associated with asymptomatic patellar tendon abnormality and patellar tendinopathy: A systematic review

ObjectiveTo identify studies that report three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical analysis of jump-landing tasks in relation to athletes with current patellar tendinopathy (PT), and/or asymptomatic with history of PT or patellar tendon abnormality (PTA) on diagnostic imaging.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched. Included articles were required to: (1) investigate the 3D biomechanics of a jump-landing task; (2) be cross-sectional or longitudinal in design; and (3) include participants that had symptomatic PT, were asymptomatic with a history of PT, asymptomatic with PTA on diagnostic imaging and/or asymptomatic with an unknown pathology or PT history.ResultsThirty-seven statistically significant jump-landing variables were associated with PT, history of PT and/or PTA. The only consistent variable that could be replicated between studies was knee flexion angle at initial foot-ground contact (IC) and an altered hip flexion/extension strategy during a horizontal land phase of a vertical stop-jump.ConclusionIsolated vertical landings or take-offs alone may not be sensitive enough to identify key jump-landing variables associated with PT, thus clinicians and researchers should incorporate a whole jump-landing task with a horizontal landing component. Sagital plane hip and knee kinematics in a horizontal landing phase appear to provide the most valuable information for evaluating those with PT.     

肩关节镜手术患者中新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架的应用价值分析

目的在新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架牵引下实行肩关节镜手术的患者的临床效果。方法选择在2017年11月至2018年4月来我院进行肩关节镜手术治疗的100例患者作为研究对象,将该100例患者分为两组,例数分别为50例,即观察组与对照组。观察组患者在新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架下实行手术,而对照组则在以往传统的牵引架牵引下实行手术治疗。观察与比较两组患者对患者自身体位安放的满意程度与发生并发症机率。结果同以往牵引架下牵引间比较,在如何安装新型肩关节镜侧卧位架上并未增加其复杂度,观察组对患者自身体位安放满意程度明显比对照组的高,观察组发生并发症的机率明显比对照组低,在临床上统计学上具有意义(P<0.05)。结论在新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架下实行肩关节手术治疗。可以帮助患者正确安放其手术所需要的体位,使手术在操作处理上比较简易,减少发生并发症机率,值得临床上广泛推广与应用。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标的构建

目的 构建急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS）患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标,为评价ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量提供依据。 方法 基于三维质量结构模型,通过文献分析、半结构式访谈初步拟订ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标,于2020年9月—11月采用德尔菲法对35名专家进行2轮咨询确立ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标。 结果 2轮咨询问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数为0.85、0.89,肯德尔和谐系数为0.155、0.122。最终形成的ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标包含3项一级指标、8项二级指标、41项三级指标。 结论 构建的ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标具有较高可靠性和科学性,可作为评价ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量的依据。     

不同体位下无鼾者与OSAHS患者的头影测量比较

目的:借助X线头影测量分析,探讨3种不同体位下,无鼾者和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS)患者的颅面结构及气道周围软硬组织的关系。方法:10例无鼾者和10例OSAHS患者在3种不同体位下,分别拍摄常规坐位头影测量侧位片及仰卧位、放松位头颅侧位片,并进行头颅测量分析。结果:同一体位下,与无鼾者相比,OSAHS患者的ANB角、软腭厚度及舌骨前上点至下颌平面垂直距离增加,口咽距(U-Pu)减小;仰卧位和放松位时,无鼾者的SNB角、MP-SN角均比坐位时减小,SPT增加;H-C3距、PAS距减小;OSAHS患者H-C3距比坐位时也减小。结论:3种不同体位下,无鼾者与OSAHS患者在颅面结构及气道周围软硬组织结构关系方面的差异具有显著性。     

新信息环境下专业图书馆的定位

介绍了目前专业图书馆信息服务面临的困境,分析了社会、专业图书馆自身和其用户对专业图书馆的定位及其自身定位与其用户定位不同的原因,从馆藏资源、馆舍空间、技术团队、核心竞争力等4方面对专业图书馆定位提出相关建议。