单平面和多平面截骨术治疗脊椎后凸的损伤特点

目的 探讨单平面截骨Dick钉固定和多平面截骨Luque捧固定治疗脊柱后凸的生物力学损伤特点。方法 将12具新鲜小牛胸腰段脊柱标本(T8～L5)随机分成完整组(INT组)、单平面截骨Dick钉固定组(Dick组)和多平面截骨Luque俸固定组(Luque组)，每组4具。以侧弯方式进行超生理负荷试验，记录载荷值的变化并观察损伤模式，绘制损伤试验的载荷——位移曲线。结果 损伤试验提供了标本出现屈服的负荷值及损伤方式。INT组、Dick组和Luque组屈服的负荷值依次为3600、2800和7160N。结论 实验中多平面截骨Luque棒固定的最大抗屈服能力稍优于单平面截骨Dick钉固定组，但不足以构成临床应用中决定取舍的依据。     

驼背二种截骨术远期效果对比

作者对６３２例强直性脊柱炎并驼背畸形施行二种脊柱截骨矫治术，对其中１３５例病人进行了６～１０年观察，结果表明：７１例椎弓椎体联合截骨效果较好，驼背复发平均３．２°。而６４例椎板截骨效果略差，驼背平均复发１３．５°。经统计学处理，两者对比有显著的统计学意义（ｐ＜０．０１）。作者认为病变未完全静止，截骨术式的选择，术中身体重心前移未彻底纠正，以及外固定时间过短等是影响远期效果的因素。     

前路一期病变椎体切除并重建治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形

目的:观察前路一期病变椎体切除、人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代、椎体钉板或钉棒系统内固定治疗连续两个及以上节段胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形的疗效。方法:34例病变累及连续两个及两个以上椎节的胸腰椎结核患者,术前后凸Cobb角27.8°￣65.4°(38.6°±10.3°),一期行前路病变椎体切除,椎间撬拔撑开复位,人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代,辅以椎体钉板或钉棒系统短节段邻近椎节内固定,重建脊柱稳定性,术后均给予短疗程化疗。观察术后局部疼痛缓解、脊髓神经功能恢复、后凸畸形矫正及脊柱稳定性情况。结果:患者术后局部疼痛缓解,术前伴有脊髓神经损伤的12例患者术后神经功能均有不同程度恢复。影像学检查示脊柱内固定物位置良好,椎体序列恢复良好,椎间高度恢复。后凸Cobb角矫正至2.1°￣14.2°(7.5°±8.3°),平均矫正31.2°±8.5°。随访18￣54个月,平均35个月。末次随访时后凸矫正度丢失4.3°±3.8°,均无结核复发。结论:连续两个及两个以上节段的胸腰椎结核采用前路一期行病变椎体切除有利于病灶彻底清除,减少复发;也有利于椎管彻底减压。前路椎体替代、植骨内固定重建脊柱稳定性可更好地纠正和预防脊柱后凸畸形。     

传统后路与附加伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折比较

目的比较传统后路椎弓根螺钉固定与附加经伤椎椎体内植骨及椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法自2006年2月-2009年8月,将24例新鲜胸腰段脊椎Gertzbein A3型骨折患者随机分成A、B两组。分别采用传统椎弓根螺钉内固定、减压复位、椎板植骨融合术(A组)及采用附加经伤椎固定椎体内植骨、减压复位、椎板植骨融合术(B组)。分别于术后3,6,9,12个月对两组患者临床及影像学资料进行随访。比较测量手术前后Cobb’s角、椎体前缘高度和椎管占位率。结果两组安全完成手术,切口Ⅰ期愈合。随访14～42个月,平均18个月。术后A、B组Cobb’s角分别矫正至4.2°和3.8°;椎体前缘高度分别恢复至85.4%和86.8%;平均椎管占位率分别为4.8%和4.4%,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时A组Cobb’s角为5.5°,B组为3.9°;椎体前缘高度A组为恢复至73.3%,B组为恢复至86.1%;平均椎管占位率A组为5.1%,B组为4.4%。末次随访时A组Cobb’s角、椎体前缘高度和椎管占位率与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组有2例在末次随访时后凸角丢失>10°,1例内固定失败。结论经伤椎置钉能有效地恢复椎体前缘高度,伤椎椎体内植骨可有效维持复位,减少后凸畸形矫正丢失及内固定失败。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病的安全性与疗效。方法 2011年1月~2013年6月,20例骨质疏松性椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病患者在本院接受PKP治疗。术前、术后2 d及末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估患者疼痛缓解和生活质量改善情况。测量并记录伤椎前缘相对高度和局部后凸Cobb角的矫正情况。结果本组病例随访12~36个月,平均16个月;无脊髓神经根损伤、肺栓塞等并发症发生。术前VAS评分、ODI、伤椎前缘相对高度和后凸角分别为(8.9±0.4)分、(87.5±3.5)%、(41.3±5.2)%、22.1°±1.8°,术后2 d分别为(2.2±0.6)分、(31.8±4.1)%、(71.2±4.9)%、12.6°±1.4°,末次随访时为(2.0±0.3)分、(26.1±1.3)%、(70.7±4.8)%、13.2°±1.8°,术后2 d与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访与术后2 d相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKP用于治疗椎体裂隙周围硬化的Kümmell病安全、有效,能缓解疼痛、恢复椎体高度、纠正脊柱后凸畸形,可改善患者生活质量。     

颈前路内固定融合治疗外伤性下颈椎损伤术后邻近节段矢状面角度丢失的相关因素分析

目的 :探讨外伤性下颈椎行颈前路融合内固定(anterior cervical fusion,ACF)术后邻近节段矢状面角度丢失的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析396例行ACF治疗的下颈椎外伤患者,记录患者年龄、性别、随访时间、手术方式、入院及末次随访ASIA评分(ASIA分级A~E级分别记为1~5分),在颈椎侧位X线上测量上区域角、下区域角、局部后凸角、融合节段角度、邻近椎体及椎间隙角度等相关参数,回顾所有患者术前MRI、CT,明确邻近节段损伤情况,所有患者局部后凸角术后角度丢失大于5°归为A组(术后邻近节段角度丢失组,23例),术后邻近节段角度无丢失为B组(373例),并通过T检验、χ2检验、Fisher确切概率法对以上相关因素行两组间对比分析,采用Logistic回归分析ACF术后邻近节段角度丢失发生的危险因素。分析邻近节段椎间隙、椎体及融合节段角度在局部后凸角、上区域角、下区域角中所占比例,明确ACF术后邻近节段角度丢失的主要部位。结果:ACF术后邻近节段角度丢失发生率为5.81%(23/396),A、B组年龄分别为48.26±8.61岁、31.04±6.17岁,入院时ASIA评分两组分别为3.5±0.8、3.7±1.0,差异均有显著性(P=0.021,P=0.045)。手术方式、性别、随访时间、末次随访ASIA评分在A组和B组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。两组患者术前CT、MRI上显示非手术节段MRI椎间盘信号异常(A组3/23,B组13/373)、不伴椎间韧带复合体损伤的单侧非移位型关节突骨折(A组2/23,B组0/373)有显著性差异(P0.001,P=0.003)。多变量回归分析显示年龄、MRI上非手术节段椎间盘信号异常、不伴椎间韧带复合体损伤的单侧非移位型关节突骨折是ACF术后邻近节段矢状面角度丢失的危险因素(P分别为0.031、0.006、0.002),入院时ASIA评分与ACF术后邻近节段后凸畸形发生无相关性(P=0.301)。上邻近第1椎间隙角度丢失在局部后凸角、上区域角、下区域角角度丢失中分别为78.07%、85.00%、90.19%,上邻近第1椎间隙角度丢失是邻近节段角度丢失的主要成分。结论:ACF术后局部角度丢失有一定发生率,年龄、MRI上非手术节段椎间盘信号异常及不伴椎间韧带复合体损伤的单侧非移位型关节突骨折是ACF术后后凸畸形发生的危险因素,以上邻近节段角度丢失为主。     

脊柱胸腰段陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形的侧前路矫形治疗效果评价

目的：探究侧前路矫形治疗脊柱胸腰段陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形的效果,以便为治疗提供指导。方法回顾性分析该院收治的46例脊柱胸腰段陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形患者资料,所有患者均进行侧前路矫形治疗,观察记录术前以及术后1年内患者的Cobb角和VAS评分。结果术后1年后凸Cobb角平均为(12.4±5.2)o;术前VAS评分平均为(5.78±0.85),术后1年VAS评分平均为(0.56±0.13),所有患者后凸Cobb角、VAS评分较术前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对脊柱胸腰段陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形患者进行前侧路矫形治疗效果明显,能够防止术后并发症的发生,减轻患者的疼痛程度,改善后凸Cobb角,值得临床推广。     

后路全椎体切除技术在外伤后严重陈旧性胸腰段后凸畸形矫正中的应用

Background Post-traumatic kyphosis is a common potential complication of spinal trauma and correct management of this problem is becoming ever more impcrtant.Although posterior vertebra column resection has been increasingly adopted to correct severe spinal deformity,no series of reports were found on severe post-traumatic kyphosis in the thoracolumbar region.Therefore,the present cohort retrospective study is presented to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of posterior vertebra column resection with instrument fusion performed in patients with severe post-traumatic kyphosis.Methods From May 2004 to May 2006,53 patients（38 male,1 5 female）at an average age of 37.6 years（range,24 to 66 years）,were surgically treated for symptomatic post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis with a posterior wedge closing osteotomy at our hospital.Among them,5 consecutive adult patients with severe post-traumatic kyphosis were included in this study.Operation time, blood lOSS and complications were noted in each case.Radiographic documentation was made on the basis of standing anterior-posterior（AP）and lateral views and three dimensional reconstruction images of computed tomography （CT） scans were used to further identify the apex region of a sharp angular deformity.Sagittal correction was assessed in terms of effective regional deformity（ERD）for the injury Ievel.Assessment of radiological fusion at follow-up was based on the presence of trabecular bone bridging at the osteotomy site according to Brantigan.Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments were performed by using Oswestw disability index（ODI）, back pain was rated in all patients by the visual analog scale （VAS） preoperatively,postoperatively and at the latest follow-up.Results The mean operating time was 265 minutes（220-408 minutes）,with an average blood loss of 1 362 ml （870-2570 m1）.Each patient finished at least two years of follow-up.The average ERD significantly decreased from 69°（58°-86°）,preoperatively to 4°（1°-8°） after surgery （P=0.01 7）;with a mean correction of 65°.ERD averaged 1 0.4°（7°-1 7°）at the latest follow-up with a mean loss of 6.4°.VAS and ODI scores improved from preoperative 7.4（6.0-9.0） and 55.2（48.0-60.0） to 2.3（1.0-4.0） and 1 2.2（7.0-18.0）at the latest follow-up.Full bone fusion was achieved in all patients.Complications occurred in two patients：one had a transient weakness of the Ieft side lower extremity and the symptom improved spontaneously without further treatment within one month;the other patient suffered a deep wound infection three weeks after the operation,and recovered well by additional debridement,continuous perfusion and drainage.Conclusions Posterior vertebra column resection can satisfactorily correct severe post-traumatic kyphosis in thoracolumbar region.Nevertheless,this challenging procedure should be performed by experienced spinal surgeon to minimize complications.     

A Case of Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Prominent Kyphosis Resulting in Compression of the Intestine by the Costal Arch

An 85-year-old woman with no history of abdominal surgery complained of abdominal pain and vomiting and was referred to us with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction a few days later. Upon admission to our facility, she presented with marked abdominal swelling and prominent kyphosis. Because of the kyphosis, most of the dilated bowel was compressing her thoracic cavity. No obvious strangulation or free air was observed via abdominal computed tomography imaging. We attempted decompression using a nasogastric tube, but the symptoms persisted. Surgery was performed 2 days after admission. The origin of the obstruction was a compression of the ileocecal region by the costal arch. The bowel was discolored, and thus surgically excised. There were no major postsurgical complications other than a mild wound infection. Until now, there have been no reports of advanced kyphosis inducing ileus, but there are concerns of an increase in similar cases as society continues to age.