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目的 探讨飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)术后1个月患者瞳孔中心和角膜顶点实际角膜基质透镜厚度与预计厚度的差异。方法 选取2021年1月至4月在西安高新医院眼科屈光门诊行SMILE的患者66例(132眼)作为研究对象。分别于术前和术后1个月应用眼前节三维成像分析系统Pentacam测量患者瞳孔中心角膜厚度和角膜顶点厚度,检测患者视力及等效球镜度。将术前Pentacam检查结果作为“A图”,术后1个月检查结果作为“B图”,(A图-B图)数据即可得出每个坐标的角膜厚度差值,角膜厚度差值中瞳孔中心的差值(ΔCTp)和角膜顶点的差值(ΔCTv)即为实际角膜基质透镜厚度。角膜基质透镜厚度误差(E)=预计角膜基质透镜厚度-实际角膜基质透镜厚度,其中预计角膜基质透镜厚度为VisuMax飞秒激光手术设计软件预计的角膜厚度(LT),瞳孔中心角膜基质透镜厚度误差Ep=LTp-ΔCTp;角膜顶点角膜基质透镜厚度误差Ev=LTv-ΔCTv。分析实际角膜基质透镜厚度与预计厚度的关系。结果 术后1个月所有患者均无角膜水肿及炎症反应发生,眼压正常;132眼患者裸眼视力均达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力。术后1个月132眼患者等效球镜度范围为-0.50 ~+0.50 D。患者ΔCTp为43~133(86.83±16.81)μm,明显低于LTp[55~130(96.89±15.92)μm],差异有统计学意义(t=-17.71,P<0.01)。患者ΔCTv为43~131(86.95±16.66)μm,明显低于LTv[55~130(96.89±15.92)μm],差异有统计学意义(t=-17.65,P<0.01)。患者Ep为-7~28(10.07±6.53)μm,Ev为-7~27(9.95±6.48)μm。实际角膜基质透镜厚度随着预计厚度的增加而增加。LTp每增加1 μm,ΔCTp增加0.97 μm [y=-7.5+0.97x(R2=0.85,P<0.01),x为LTp,y为ΔCTp]; LTv每增加1 μm,ΔCTv增加0.96 μm[y=-6.54+0.96x(R2=0.85,P<0.01),x为LTv,y为ΔCTv]。结论 SMILE手术实际制作的角膜基质透镜厚度明显低于预计厚度,实际厚度与预计厚度呈线性关系;角膜顶点位置的检测结果与VisuMax手术设计软件所预计的角膜基质透镜厚度更接近。  相似文献   
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The aim of this overview was to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials on alveolar ridge preservation after a tooth extraction. During March 2020, two independent reviewers performed an electronic search of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all relevant systematic reviews including randomized clinical trials on alveolar ridge preservation. A manual search of articles in renowned journals was also conducted. The methodological quality of the included reviews was determined using the AMSTAR-2 tool. From the 53 initially retrieved studies, 11 were finally included: three systematic reviews and eight systematic reviews with meta-analyses. The methodological quality of the included reviews was low or critically low. Higher quality clinical studies should be conducted prior to performing further reviews and these should meet the methodological requirements that are fundamental to this type of research.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesSeveral implementation strategies can reduce potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. Although use of PIMs has declined in recent years, it remains prevalent. Various strategies exist to improve the appropriateness of medication use. However, little is known about the processes of these different implementation strategies. This scoping review aims to investigate how the process evaluation of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in the older population has been studied.MethodsWe searched for process evaluations of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science published between January 2000 and November 2019 in English. We applied the following inclusion criteria: patients aged ≥65 years, validated PIM criteria, and implementation process evaluated. The review focuses on decision support for health care professionals. We described the findings of the process evaluations, and compared the authors’ concepts of process evaluation of the included publications to those of Proctor et al.( 2010).ResultOf 9131 publications screened, 29 met our inclusion criteria. Different process evaluation conceptualizations were identified. Most process evaluations took place in the initial stages of the process (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility) and sustainability and implementation costs were seldom evaluated. None of the included publications evaluated fidelity.Multifaceted interventions were the most studied implementation strategies. Medication review was more common in acceptability evaluations, multidisciplinary interventions in adoption evaluations, and computerized systems and educational interventions in feasibility evaluations. Process evaluations were studied from the health care professionals’ viewpoint in most of the included publications, but the management viewpoint was missing.DiscussionThe conceptualization of process evaluation in the field of PIM prescribing is indeterminate. There is also a current gap in the knowledge of sustainability and implementation costs. Clarifying the conceptualization of implementation process evaluation is essential in order to effectively translate research knowledge into practice.  相似文献   
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目的: 利用虚拟仿真技术构建下颌阻生牙拔除实验教学模式,探讨其与传统拔牙法教学的差异。方法: 随机抽取 80 名本科口腔医学生,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组40人。对照组接受传统阻生牙拔除术实验教学,实验组接受利用虚拟仿真技术构建的微创阻生牙拔除实验教学,通过各项指标测评学生对阻生牙拔除术的掌握程度、阻生牙拔除术后并发症的理解程度。采用 SPSS 11.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果: 实验组理论测试成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组较对照组学生对阻生牙拔除术的掌握更全面,实验中更注意保护周围邻近组织,尤其是对术后并发症的理解更透彻。结论: 利用虚拟模型外科引导微创阻生牙拔除的实验教学方法,可增强口腔医学生对阻生牙拔除术的理解,有利于提高教学质量。  相似文献   
6.
ObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review was to investigate the published literature on written assessment of communication skills in health professionals’ education.MethodsPubmed, Embase, Cinahl and Psychnfo were screened for the period 1/1995–7/2020. Selection was conducted by four pairs of reviewers. Four reviewers extracted and analyzed the data regarding study, instrument, item, and psychometric characteristics.ResultsFrom 20,456 assessed abstracts, 74 articles were included which described 70 different instruments. Two thirds of the studies used written assessment to measure training effects, the others focused on the development/validation of the instrument. Instruments were usually developed by the authors, often with little mention of the test development criteria. The type of knowledge assessed was rarely specified. Most instruments included clinical vignettes. Instrument properties and psychometric characteristics were seldom reported.ConclusionThere are a number of written assessments available in the literature. However, the reporting of the development and psychometric properties of these instruments is often incomplete. Practice implications written assessment of communication skills is widely used in health professions education. Improvement in the reporting of instrument development, items and psychometrics may help communication skills teachers better identify when, how and for whom written assessment of communication should be used.  相似文献   
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目的:优化祛湿清肺方提取工艺,并对祛湿清肺方提取液进行体外抗炎活性评价。方法:以绿原酸、虎杖苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、芦荟大黄素、汉黄芩素、大黄素成分含量及得膏率为指标,加水量及提取时间为考察因素,采用熵权法结合星点设计-效应面法对祛湿清肺方提取工艺进行优化。以脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)为炎症模型,酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量,蛋白质印迹法检测磷酸化NF-κB抑制蛋白激酶(phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB kinase,p-IKK)、磷酸化NF-κB p65(phosphorylated NF-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65)、NF-κB抑制蛋白α(inhibitor of NF-κBα,IκBα)蛋白表达水平变化,评价祛湿清肺方提取液抗炎活性。结果:星点设计-效应面法优化所得的最佳提取工艺为加水量13倍,提取2次,每次提取时间105 min。祛湿清肺方提取液能降低IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、NO的含量,抑制p-IKK、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达,促进IκBα蛋白表达,具有较好的体外抗炎活性。结论:熵权法结合星点设计-效应面法优选的祛湿清肺方提取工艺稳定可行,所得提取液具有较好的抗炎活性,为祛湿清肺方开发和现代化研究提供参考奠定基础。  相似文献   
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【目的】 探索医学期刊的知识服务实践,为医学期刊的科学传播创新提供参考。【方法】 以《中华医学杂志》为研究对象,采用案例研究法和文献分析法进行系统研究。【结果】 借助继续医学教育、微信平台、重要文章发布会、数据库,以及优先出版、按需出版、开放阅读等方式,《中华医学杂志》打造多元化场景的知识服务、联结传播渠道,从而使得科学共同体和公众读者获得较好的知识服务体验。【结论】 医学期刊的知识服务实践应以科学传播为宗旨,在实现增值服务的同时,推进科学知识在科学共同体和普通读者间的传播。  相似文献   
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BackgroundBreastfeeding has several benefits for both the infants and mothers. This study assessed breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among mothers of infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers of infants with ROP visiting the ROP clinic in a selected tertiary care centre. A total of 100 mothers were selected through the convenience sampling method and interviewed using a structured questionnaire.ResultA significant number of mothers had average to poor knowledge (81%) with a mean score of 8.32 ± 2.7. More than half of the mothers had poor practices related to breastfeeding with a mean score of 7.6 ± 2.4. The attitudes of the mothers towards breastfeeding was either neutral or positive towards formula feeding.ConclusionThe KAPs of mothers regarding breastfeeding were inadequate. Intervention measures are recommended for promoting breastfeeding practices among the mothers of infants with ROP.  相似文献   
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