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1.
《Pancreatology》2022,22(5):598-607
BackgroundResections for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) have increased dramatically during the last decade. Recurrence pattern and impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for solid pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is well known, but not for invasive IPMN (inv-IPMN).ObjectivesTo elucidate the impact of spatio-temporal recurrence pattern and adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival for inv-IPMN compared with PDAC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single-center observational study of consecutive patients ≥18 years of age who underwent resection for inv-IPMN or PDAC at Karolinska University Hospital, between 2009 and 2018. Different initial recurrence sites and time frames as well as predictors for death were assessed with multivariable Cox and logistic regressions. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier model and log rank test.ResultsOf 396 resected patients, 92 were inv-IPMN and 304 PDAC. Both recurrence rate and death rate within three-years were lower for inv-IPMN compared to PDAC (p = 0.006 and p = 0.007 respectively). Across the whole cohort, the most common recurrence patterns were multi-site (25%), single-site liver (21%) and single-site locoregional (10%) recurrence. The most prominent predictors for death in multivariable Cox regression, especially if occurred within the first year, were multi-site (HR 17.0), single-site peritoneal (HR 13.6) and single-site liver (HR 13.1) recurrence. These predictors were less common in inv-IPMN compared to PDAC (p = 0.007). The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was similar in the two groups.ConclusionResected inv-IPMN exhibits a less aggressive recurrence pattern than PDAC that translates into a more favorable overall survival.  相似文献   
2.
目的:观察压力支持通气模式(Pressure Support Ventilation,PSV)对重症监护患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2017年8月德州市陵城区人民医院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的重症治疗患者60例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予低剂量镇静加气管插管的方式进行干预,观察组患者给予压力支持通气模式进行干预,采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)比较2组患者干预前后的睡眠质量改善情况,采用抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)比较2组患者干预前后的焦虑以及抑郁状态改善情况。结果:干预后,观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组,观察组SAS评分、SDS评分显著低于对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对重症监护患者采用压力支持通气模式有利于改善患者的睡眠质量。  相似文献   
3.
目的系统评价俯卧位通气对静脉-静脉体外膜肺氧合(VV-ECMO)支持的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者病死率的影响。 方法计算机检索Medline、荷兰医学文摘Embase、Cochrane临床试验数据库、万方数据库及中国知网数据库从2002年1月至2022年1月关于VV-ECMO支持ARDS期间使用俯卧位通气的随机对照研究或观察性研究。试验组为俯卧位通气患者,对照组为仰卧位通气患者。由2名研究人员独立进行筛选文献、提取文献资料及评估方法学质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果最终纳入14项研究,共计1 880例患者,其中试验组869例,对照组1 011例。Meta分析显示,与对照组比较,试验组VV-ECMO支持的ARDS患者的28 d病死率[相对危险度(RR)=0.59,95%置信区间(CI)(0.43,0.80),Z = 3.41,P = 0.000 7]及住院病死率[RR = 0.73,95%CI(0.66,0.81),Z = 5.86,P < 0.000 01]均显著降低;但两组患者间其他病死率(30 d、60 d、90 d、ICU、6个月病死率)的比较,差异无统计学意义[RR = 0.80,95%CI(0.61,1.05),Z = 1.60,P = 0.11]。 结论俯卧位通气能够降低VV-ECMO支持的ARDS患者28 d病死率以及住院病死率。  相似文献   
4.
[摘要] 目的:评估肺超声动态监测肺水变化联合膈肌功能对重症机械通气(MV)患者撤机的预测价值。 方法:选取重症医学科112例接受MV>48h并符合撤机条件患者,于自主呼吸试验(SBT)0min采用床旁超声测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、舒张功能指标和胸前区肺超声水肿评分(A-LUES 0min);于SBT 15min测量膈肌移动度(DE)及A-LUES 15min,并计算△A-LUES。采用ROC曲线评价各指标预测撤机结果的价值。 结果:64例撤机成功(成功组),48例撤机失败(失败组),失败组LVEF、DE、e’明显低于成功组,E/e’、A-LUES 15min、△A-LUES明显高于成功组(P<0.05);分别以51.50%、6.48cm/s、10.36、10.35mm、1.50分作为LVEF、e’、E/e’、DE和△A-LUES的阈值,预测撤机结果的敏感度分别为 93.75%、90.63%、62.50%、85.94%和77.08%,特异度分别为27.08%、52.08%、75.00%、56.25%和67.19%,AUC分别为0.613、0.735、0.652、0.786和0.793;△A-LUES联合DE对预测撤机结果的敏感度为89.58%,特异度为82.81%,AUC为0.909。 结论:超声监测肺水动态变化、膈肌功能和左心功能对撤机成败有较好的预测价值。  相似文献   
5.
背景维生素D(VitD)是一种有效的免疫调节剂,其缺乏与支气管哮喘(以下简称哮喘)患者气道炎症、病情加重和预后不良有关。目前,成人哮喘与VitD相关性的研究报道较少,且研究结果并不一致。目的探讨成人哮喘患者血清25-羟维生素D〔25(OH)D〕水平与肺通气功能、最小诱发累积剂量(Dmin)的相关性。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选取新疆医科大学第一附属医院2020年1月至2021年9月收治的179例初诊哮喘患者作为观察组,另选取同期在新疆医科大学第一附属医院进行健康体检的151例健康体检者作为对照组。比较两组受试者血清25(OH)D水平,不同血清25(OH)D水平的哮喘患者肺通气功能指标〔用力肺活量(FVC)、FVC占预计值百分比、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC、FEV1/FVC占预计值百分比、呼气流量峰值(PEF)、PEF占预计值百分比及用力呼出25%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF25)、用力呼出50%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF50)、用力呼出75%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF75)、最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)占预计值百分比〕及Dmin;成人哮喘患者血清25(OH)D水平与Dmin的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果观察组患者血清25(OH)D水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。不同血清25(OH)D水平的哮喘患者FVC、FVC占预计值百分比、FEV1、FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC、FEV1/FVC占预计值百分比、PEF、PEF占预计值百分比、FEF25占预计值百分比、FEF50占预计值百分比、FEF75占预计值百分比及MMEF占预计值百分比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清25(OH)D水平不足、缺乏的哮喘患者Dmin低于血清25(OH)D水平正常的哮喘患者,血清25(OH)D水平缺乏的哮喘患者Dmin低于血清25(OH)D水平不足的哮喘患者(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,成人哮喘患者血清25(OH)D水平与Dmin呈正相关(r=0.300,P<0.001)。结论血清25(OH)D水平与成人哮喘患者肺通气功能无关,但与Dmin呈正相关,故血清25(OH)D水平对评估成人哮喘患者气道高反应性(AHR)具有一定参考价值。  相似文献   
6.
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) develop in genetically altered epithelium in the mucosal lining, also coined as fields, which are mostly not visible but occasionally present as white oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions. We developed a noninvasive genetic assay using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on brushed cells to detect the presence of genetically altered fields, including those that are not macroscopically visible. The assay demonstrated high accuracy in OL patients when brush samples were compared with biopsies as gold standard. In a cohort of Fanconi anemia patients, detection of mutations in prospectively collected oral brushes predicted oral cancer also when visible abnormalities were absent. We further provide insight in the molecular landscape of OL with frequent changes of TP53, FAT1 and NOTCH1. NGS analysis of noninvasively collected samples offers a highly accurate method to detect genetically altered fields in the oral cavity, and predicts development of OSCC in high-risk individuals. Noninvasive genetic screening can be employed to screen high-risk populations for cancer and precancer, map the extension of OL lesions beyond what is visible, map the oral cavity for precancerous changes even when visible abnormalities are absent, test accuracy of promising imaging modalities, monitor interventions and determine genetic progression as well as the natural history of the disease in the human patient.  相似文献   
7.
Objective To study the clinical efficacy of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) versus high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on the medical data of 140 neonates with severe NRDS who were admitted from September 2016 to February 2022, with 55 neonates in the VTV group and 85 in the HFOV group. The neonates in the VTV group received conventional mechanical ventilation and target tidal volume, and those in the HFOV group received HFOV. Arterial blood gas parameters were collected at 48 hours after admission, and related indices during hospitalization were recorded, including mortality rate, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of oxygen therapy, and the incidence rates of complications. Results Compared with the VTV group, the HFOV group had significantly lower incidence rates of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen therapy, mortality rate, and the incidence rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypocapnia, hypercapnia, periventricular leukomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity (P>0.05). Conclusions HFOV has a better clinical efficacy than VTV in the treatment of NRDS. © 2022 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.  相似文献   
8.
ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the effect of the updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Mycoses Study Group 2019 definitions for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) on patient classification and the related all-cause 12-week mortality.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study from our tertiary care centre, we reclassified patients with haematological malignancy who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage between 2014 and 2019 for suspected IPA using the novel EORTC 2019 criteria. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to define the optimal cut-off for positive PCR and galactomannan and present survival analyses and their possible association with these diagnostic criteria through post hoc comparisons with log rank and Cox regression.ResultsFrom 323 episodes of suspected IPA in 282 patients, 73 were reclassified: 31 (42.5%) from possible to probable IPA, 5 (6.8%) from EORTC criteria not met to probable IPA, and 37 (50.7%) from EORTC criteria not met to possible IPA. Probable IPA increased therefore 11.1% (64/323, 19.8% to 100/323, 30.9%), mostly due to positive PCR (31/36, 86.1%). There was no difference in mortality between newly defined possible and probable IPA (log rank p = 0.950). Mortality was higher in probable cases with lower cycle thresholds (Ct values) versus higher Ct values (p = 0.004). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an optimal Ct value cut-off of 36.8 with a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI 64.9%–85.1%) and a specificity of 61.7% (95% CI 53.5–69.9) for 12-week mortality.DiscussionThe new EORTC criteria led to 11.1% more probable IPA diagnoses, mostly due to Aspergillus PCR. Restricting positive PCR to below a certain threshold might improve the discrimination of the new EORTC IPA categories for mortality.  相似文献   
9.
席悦  张京铮 《中国校医》2022,36(12):939
目的 探讨经鼻间歇正压通气与大剂量牛肺表面活性剂治疗重症新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的应用效果。方法 选取2019年3月—2020年6月在本院就诊的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿102例,按随机数字表法分为两组,各51例。2组患儿均接受经鼻间歇正压通气辅助呼吸及注射用牛肺表面活性剂治疗,对照组采用标准剂量治疗,观察组采用大剂量治疗。对比2组临床疗效、临床相关指标、血气分析指标,并记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为96.08%,高于对照组的84.31%,(χ2=3.991,P<0.05)。观察组用药次数、住院时间、氧疗时间及机械通气时间为(1.21±0.26)次、(14.42±2.14)d、(79.25±7.36)h、(65.24±5.01)h,短于对照组的(1.58±0.45)次、(18.74±3.87)d、(88.24±7.85)h、(74.17±6.21)h(t=5.084、6.976、5.966、7.993,P均<0.05);观察组治疗3 d后血氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2)、氧合指数分别为(88.45±6.21)mm Hg、(350.21±12.25)mm Hg,高于对照组的(81.36±5.14)mm Hg、(336.14±11.41)mm Hg,二氧化碳分压(Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide,PaCO2)为(43.14±3.65)mm Hg,低于对照组的(50.21±4.35)mm Hg,(t=6.281、6.002、8.892,F=39.446、79.042、36.026,P值均<0.05)。2组均无严重不良反应发生。结论 经鼻间歇正压通气与大剂量牛肺表面活性剂治疗重症新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿利于改善患儿氧合指数,进而减少机械排气时间及住院时间,值得应用。  相似文献   
10.
目的研究无创呼吸机对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)血清炎症因子及颈动脉斑块风险的影响。方法选取2018年9月到2019年9月我院收治的中重度OSAHS患者90例作为研究对象,使用抽签方式将其随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例,对照组采取常规内科治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上采取无创呼吸机治疗,疗程12周,比较两组治疗前后睡眠监测结果[呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、氧减指数(ODI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSpO;)、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)]、血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]、颈动脉斑块形成情况[斑块大小、斑块厚度、斑块数量、颈总动脉距分叉2cm处中层内膜厚度(IMT)]、同室伴侣Calgary睡眠呼吸暂停生活质量指数(SAQLI)。结果治疗组治疗后AHI、ODI、ESS显著较治疗前降低,且低于对照组,LSpO;较治疗前明显增高,且高于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后TNF-α、ET-1、IL-6较治疗前显著降低,且低于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后IMT较治疗前显著降低,且低于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后日常功能、情感、症状评分较治疗前显著增高,且高于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论无创呼吸机治疗能较好的改善OSAHS患者症状,提高患者夜间最低血氧饱和度,减轻其炎症因子水平及颈动脉斑块风险,促进患者及其同室伴侣生活质量的改善。  相似文献   
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