医院信息化平台住院陪护人员管理功能的开发与应用

目的 探讨医院信息系统中增加住院陪护管理功能的应用效果。方法 基于互联网医院、智慧医院等信息系统，开发信息化住院陪护管理功能，包括流行病学史调查、免费核酸申请、电子陪护证办理、体温监测登记及上报和统计查询。该功能与医院智慧护理链接后全院应用。比较功能应用前和应用后的遵医嘱一患一陪达标率、有效陪护证达标率、体温监测并登记日上报达标率和陪护证使用追溯率，评价护士和管理者疫情防控管理的人均耗时以及对该管理功能的满意度。结果 应用信息化陪护管理功能后，一患一陪达标率、有效陪护证达标率、体温监测并登记日上报达标率和陪护证使用追溯率显著高于应用前（均P＜0.05）；护士陪护管理人均耗时从（554.13±30.77）s降至（311.67±21.54）s（P＜0.05）；护士和管理者对该信息化陪护管理功能的满意度显著提高（均P＜0.05）。结论 信息化住院陪护管理功能的应用有效提升了疫情期间陪护的管理质量和管理效率，提高了一线护士和管理者的满意度。     

护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表的编制及信效度检验

目的编制护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表,并进行信效度检验。方法以计划行为理论为框架,采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈法形成量表的条目池;通过专家咨询、项目分析对量表条目进行筛选,初步形成护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表。采用方便抽样法,于2020年10—12月选取江苏省6所医院(2所三级医院、2所二级医院、2所一级医院)的825名护士进行正式调查,检验问卷的信效度。结果护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表包括3个分量表(参与行为态度、主观行为规范、感知行为控制)、8个维度、17个条目。总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.927、重测信度系数为0.805。护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿与参与行为的相关系数为0.743(P<0.01)。因子分析提取出8个公因子,累积方差贡献率为72.33%。结论护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表具有较好的信效度,可用于护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿的评估。     

Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations

The management of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been significantly modified by the availability of innovative but expensive treatments, increasing the economic burden of prostate cancer. Here, we aimed to systematically identify and review published economic evaluations (EEs) related to the treatment of mHSPC and assess their quality. A systematic search was performed of the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Three reviewers independently selected EEs by defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They extracted all data from each EE (general information, study population, data about the EE, interventions and comparators, and outcomes). They also assessed the quality of the selected EEs according to Drummond's checklist. Fourteen EEs published between 2016 and 2021 were eligible for the systematic review. The EEs found ADT + docetaxel to be the most cost-effective of all available treatments as a first-line strategy for mHSPC (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide). Five EEs showed that a simple price reduction of abiraterone acetate of 50% to 75% could change the results to render this treatment also cost-effective relative to that with docetaxel. Twelve EEs were of high quality, with a Drummond score ≥ 7. Analysis of the 14 EEs identified by our systematic review, amongst which 78.6% met high quality standards, showed that ADT + docetaxel tends to be the most cost-effective alternative for mHSPC. These results were assessed by sensitivity analysis. The data provided by this systematic review help to provide a better understanding of these treatments and the better use of healthcare resources.     

Pentobarbital overdose: A case of contract killing

Suicides by pentobarbital overdose have increased since about 2012, which appear to be influenced by technical information on active euthanasia that has spread over the Internet. We encountered a pentobarbital poisoning case of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A caregiver found the patient unconscious immediately after two visitors left the room. The patient was immediately transferred to the emergency hospital but eventually declared dead. A fatal concentration of pentobarbital was detected in peripheral blood samples collected in the emergency hospital and during autopsy (53.8 μg/mL and 29.4 μg/mL, respectively). Because the ratios of pentobarbital concentrations between the gastric contents and peripheral blood were 35 and 29 in the hospital and autopsy samples, respectively, it is likely that pentobarbital was administered via the gastrostomy tube. The patient had contacted the visitors through social media. Although the patient had requested the doctor perform active euthanasia and expressed a desire to end their life on social media, nobody had noticed the plan to commit suicide.     

单孔加一孔联合ERAS在高位直肠及乙状结肠癌中的应用

目的 探讨单孔加一孔腹腔镜手术联合 ERAS 治疗高位直肠及乙状结肠癌的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析 2017 年 11 月至2018 年 10 月在福建省肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤外科进行加速康复外科干预的 92 例高位直肠及乙状结肠癌患者资料，根 据手术方式的不同，分为单孔加一孔手术联合快速康复外科组39 例及常规腹腔镜手术联合ERAS 组 53 例，对比两组围术 期情况。结果 两组患者基线资料无明显统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05），且在手术时间、出血量、上下切缘、清扫淋巴结数量及 并发症方面无明显统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05）。但单孔加一孔手术联合ERAS 组较常规手术联合ERAS 组，总切口长度更短 [（6.7±1.1）cm 比（8.5±1.3）cm，P=0.000]，术后首次下床时间更早 [（22.2±5.2）h 比（27.1±7.9）h，P=0.001]，首次排便 时间更早[（70.2±19.8）h比（83.1±20.4）h，P=0.005]，术后第一天C反应蛋白值更低[（43.5±28.6）mg/L比（57.2±33.2） mg/L，P=0.038]，术后住院时间更短 [（7.0±1.7）d 比（8.1±2.1）d，P=0.010]，且术后 2~4 天疼痛评分更低（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 经验丰富的腔镜医师采用单孔加一孔手术治疗高位直肠及乙状结肠癌并联合 ERAS 干预是安全可行的，且单孔加一孔 手术可减低操作难度，具有疼痛轻、术后恢复快等优势，值得临床推广。     

四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减联合IMRT放疗治疗局部复发食管鳞癌的疗效和安全性

目的:初步探讨四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减联合IMRT放疗治疗局部复发食管鳞癌的有效性和安全性。方法:43例食管癌患者随机分为2组，试验组22例，在IMRT放疗的基础上联用四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减，水煎服，每日一剂，早晚服用，于放疗第1天开始，放疗结束两周后停用；对照组21例只行IMRT放疗。结果:试验组与对照组的近期有效率（RR）和疾病控制率（DCR）分别为59.1%、86.4%和42.9%、61.9%，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）；1、2、3年生存率虽然治疗组较对照组确有提高，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）；试验组白细胞减少、血小板减少、血红蛋白减少、放射性肺炎均较对照组发生率明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)。结论:四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减联合IMRT放疗治疗局部复发食管鳞癌患者可以明显降低放疗所致不良反应，一定程度改善患者的治疗效果和1、2、3年生存率。     

评价消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗湿疹效果及价值

目的:探讨评价消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗湿疹效果及价值。方法:选择2017年5—12月治疗湿疹的患者54例作为对象,随机数字表分为对照组(27例)和观察组(27例)。对照组给予常规盐酸西替利嗪片治疗的方法,观察组采用消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗,15 d后对两组治疗方法的患者血清白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-4、γ-干扰素(γ-Interferon,IFN-γ)水平和临床治疗效果进行评估,比较两组湿疹患者体内的血清IL-4、IFN-γ含量以及患者治愈、显效、好转、无效以及总有效率的情况。结果:治疗前后两组患者IL-4、IFN-γ差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经15 d治疗后,观察组血清IL-4、IFN-γ水平相较于对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者总有效率高于对照组,临床治疗效果显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:将消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗用于湿疹,相较于盐酸西替利嗪片治疗,患者血清水平更佳,临床疗效更好,值得推广应用。     

Constructing queer mother‐knowledge and negotiating medical authority in online lesbian pregnancy journals

Medical interactions around reproduction are increasingly extending beyond the physician's office and onto the Internet, where negotiation with medical authority occurs in complex and dynamic ways. Recently, scholars have noted the Internet's potential for creating spaces where women can dialogue with and reconstruct medical authority, yet this growing body of work is overwhelming heteronormative. This paper thus interrogates how lesbian women use the Internet to challenge, deploy, and rework medical authority around reproduction while navigating the transition to parenthood. I draw from 17 online journals authored by lesbian couples during the conception, pregnancy, and birth of their first child, each spanning between 18 months and 2 years, in order to understand how the transition process unfolds over time. I argue that lesbian couples engage with medical authority when seeking affirmation and normalisation yet discard and publicly reject the heteronormative assumptions that accompany reproductive medicine. Further, they chart a new process that I term ‘constructing queer mother‐knowledge’, in which they critique and balance knowledges from institutionalised medicine, their own bodies, and their queer communities. With this new concept, I complicate understandings of lesbian mothers‐to‐be and their interactions with medical authority as they build subversive families.     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效观察

目的:观察柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床疗效。方法:将94例失眠患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各47例,对照组采用氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗,治疗组采用柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗,两组均连续治疗6周后判定临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分及Barthel指数(BI)变化。结果:两组患者治疗后HAMD评分较本组治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),BI评分较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后HAMD评分低于对照组(P<0.05),BI评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后中医证候积分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者中医证候积分差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁可改善患者抑郁症状。