冰黄肤乐软膏中24种机元素含量测定及重金属限量标准的建立

目的:测定冰黄肤乐软膏中无机元素的含量，提出重金属元素的限量标准，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和中医临床用药安全提供参考。方法:通过采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对冰黄肤乐软膏的无机元素进行测定和分析。结果:建立了冰黄肤乐软膏中24种无机元素的含量测定方法，精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收实验结果均符合药典相关规定。结论:建立的冰黄肤乐软膏无机元素检测方法可行，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和临床用药安全提供参考。     

锁定钢板加缝线技术与空心拉力螺钉技术固定肱骨大结节骨折效果比较

目的通过比较锁定钢板加缝线技术与空心拉力螺钉固定肱骨大结节骨折的力学稳定性,探讨优化肱骨大结节骨折的内固定方式。方法选择信阳市中医院2015年1月至2019年4月收治的肱骨大结节骨折患者52例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组22例和观察组30例,对照组采用半螺纹松质骨空心钉固定,观察组采用小型锁定钢板固定并辅助不可吸收缝合线缝合肩袖于钢板上。两组术后外固定时间、康复锻炼方式相同,术后随访半年。观察比较两组患者内固定失效率,失效后大结节骨折块上方移位距离,肩峰撞击发生率。结果观察组术后内固定失效率、肩峰下撞击发生率均明显小于对照组(P<0.05);术后6个月肩关节功能评分优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论锁定钢板固定骨折块辅助不可吸收缝合线缝合肩袖于钢板上,这种手术方式骨折稳定性明显高于空心拉力螺钉固定方式,并且患者术后可以更早接受更大强度的功能锻炼。     

Metallic lead nanospheres discovered in ancient zircons

Zircon (ZrSiO₄) is the most commonly used geochronometer, preserving age and geochemical information through a wide range of geological processes. However, zircon U–Pb geochronology can be affected by redistribution of radiogenic Pb, which is incompatible in the crystal structure. This phenomenon is particularly common in zircon that has experienced ultra-high temperature metamorphism, where ion imaging has revealed submicrometer domains that are sufficiently heterogeneously distributed to severely perturb ages, in some cases yielding apparent Hadean (>4 Ga) ages from younger zircons. Documenting the composition and mineralogy of these Pb-enriched domains is essential for understanding the processes of Pb redistribution in zircon and its effects on geochronology. Using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we show that Pb-rich domains previously identified in zircons from East Antarctic granulites are 5–30 nm nanospheres of metallic Pb. They are randomly distributed with respect to zircon crystallinity, and their association with a Ti- and Al-rich silica melt suggests that they represent melt inclusions generated during ultra-high temperature metamorphism. Metallic Pb is exceedingly rare in nature and previously has not been reported in association with high-grade metamorphism. Formation of these metallic nanospheres within annealed zircon effectively halts the loss of radiogenic Pb from zircon. Both the redistribution and phase separation of radiogenic Pb in this manner can compromise the precision and accuracy of U–Pb ages obtained by high spatial resolution methods.Zircon is the mineral of choice for precisely determining the timing of both magmatism and metamorphism in a wide range of geological samples as well as providing constraints on the source and time of deposition of clastic sedimentary rocks. Accurate zircon geochronometry is facilitated by zircon having a lattice structure that is stable over a wide range of temperatures and pressures (1), together with the fact that whatever Pb is present derives almost entirely from radioactive decay of U and Th. During its growth, zircon incorporates small amounts of nonformula elements, including Hf, Ti, and Y, and rare earth elements, U and Th, but generally excludes Pb. This incompatibility of Pb raises questions about how radiogenic Pb is retained in zircon, especially through geological events where elevated temperature, fluid activity, and deformation can enhance element mobility. Furthermore it has been established that an irregular redistribution of lead in metamorphic zircon can degrade the precision and accuracy of U–Pb isotopic data, in extreme cases leading to spurious ages (2, 3).Experimental and natural studies have revealed that element mobility in zircon is strongly dependent on the accumulation of α-recoil damage (4, 5). Multiple α-decay events along the U and Th decay chains leading to stable daughter Pb isotopes destroy the crystal lattice, creating amorphous domains tens of nanometers in size (6, 7). As the number of these domains increases over time, they begin to overlap until the so-called first percolation point is reached at 2.2 × 10¹⁸ α-decay events per gram (8). At this point, the zircon is considered “metamict,” and the diffusivity of Pb and other elements is enhanced compared with diffusion in crystalline zircon. Therefore, loss of Pb from metamict zircon is highly likely and is further enhanced by the chemical instability of amorphous materials (9). Although healing of radiation damage occurs during metamorphism, its degree and nature is dependent on the U content, the density of radiation damage, and the temperatures involved. Zircon with concentrations of U and Th typical of those found in common rocks (less than 0.5%) will not accumulate significant radiation damage above ca. 350–400 °C (5, 10). However, in zircon that is already metamict, complete recovery through thermal annealing will not occur at these temperatures (5). During high-temperature metamorphism (>600 °C), there is a complex interplay of factors at work on zircon that can act both for and against preservation of initial U–Th–Pb isotopic signatures and thus its ability to preserve accurate age information.Migration of radiogenic Pb in zircon has been established by several studies that reveal heterogeneous distribution of Pb on various length scales. These include transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies (11), ion microprobe imaging (2) and tomography (12), and atom probe tomography (13), the latter study suggesting that migration occurs by diffusion of Pb through crystalline zircon into noncrystalline domains produced by α-recoil damage.In the Napier Complex of Enderby Land, East Antarctica, metasedimentary and metaigneous gneisses preserve zircon ages greater than 3.8 Ga (14, 15). The central–western part of the Napier Complex experienced an early metamorphic event at ∼2.8 Ga (16) and then underwent ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphism at ca. 2,550–2,480 Ma (17), with peak temperatures of ∼1,050–1,120 °C and pressures of 7–11 kbar (16). The isotopic complexity of zircon grains from Enderby Land was recognized in the earliest studies that used secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for U–Pb dating (18, 19). The reliability of the oldest zircon ages, which include some reversely discordant analyses (i.e., with U–Pb ages older than ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages), has been questioned based on evidence from ion imaging for disturbance of the U–Pb system (2). This is important because ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages are generally considered to be more robust than U–Pb ages for older zircons. However, if radiogenic Pb has been decoupled from its parent U and not locally incorporated into the crystal lattice during an ancient geological event, when radiogenic ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb values are significantly higher than at present, reverse discordance and spuriously old ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age estimates may result (2, 3, 18).     

无机活性元素组织工程支架材料重建修复山羊颌骨缺损的扫描电镜观察

目的:用扫描电镜观察无机活性元素组织工程支架材料构建的组织工程骨及其修复羊大面积颌骨缺损的体内成骨状况.方法:实验组对15只山羊下颌角缺损(30 mm×25 mm×10 mm大小)以支架材料修复,左侧为实验组,右侧为空白对照组,术后分别于1、3、6个月处死5只动物行扫描电镜及生物化学检查,观察无机活性元素组织工程支架材料体内成骨情况.结果:实验组骨缺损新生骨在1、3、6个月显著优于对照组,空白对照组6个月骨缺损区均无明显骨修复现象.结论:应用扫描电镜观察到无机活性元素组织工程支架材料具有优良的成骨效果.     

ICP-MS法测定不同产地红参中9种无机元素

目的 考察不同产地红参中铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、硒（Se）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）、汞（Hg）和镉（Cd）9种无机元素的含量差异。方法 采用微波消解技术及电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定28批不同产地红参中9种无机元素含量,并采用SPSS 22.0软件进行聚类分析。结果 不同产地红参Fe、Mn、Zn含量均较高,Se含量极低,有害元素Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu含量均符合《中国药典》限量标准。28批样品聚类为两类。结论 不同产地红参均富含Fe、Mn、Zn,其重金属及有害元素污染程度小,安全性相对较好。不同产地红参Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、As元素含量差异性均较小,Mn、Pb、Hg、Cd元素差异性较大。     

Dynamical release nanospheres containing cell growth factor from biopolymer hydrogel via reversible covalent conjugation

For practical adipose regeneration, the challenge is to dynamically deliver the key adipogenic insulin-like growth factors in hydrogels to induce adipogenesis. In order to achieve dynamic release, smart hydrogels to sense the change in the blood glucose concentration is required when glucose concentration increases. In this study, a heparin-based hydrogel has been developed for use in dynamic delivery of heparin nanospheres containing insulin-like growth factor. The gel scaffold was facilely prepared in physiological conditions by the formation of boronate-maltose ester cross-links between boronate and maltose groups of heparin derivatives. Due to its intrinsic glucose-sensitivity, the exposure of gel scaffold to glucose induces maltose functionalized nanospheres dissociation off hydrogel network and thereby could dynamically move into the microenvironment. The potential of the hydrogel as a cell scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) within the gel matrix in vitro. Cell culture showed that this dynamic hydrogel could support survival and proliferation of ASCs. This biocompatible coupling chemistry has the advantage that it introduces no potentially cytotoxic groups into injectable gel scaffolds formed and can create a more biomimetic microenvironment for drug and cell delivery, rendering them more suitable for potential in vivo biomedical applications. All these results indicate that this biocompatible gel scaffold can render the formulation of a therapeutically effective platform for diabetes treatment and adipose regeneration.     

螺旋CT对腹部空腔脏器穿孔的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在腹部空腔脏器穿孔中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析18例腹部空腔脏器穿孔的CT表现,所有病例经临床及手术证实。结果胃、十二指肠穿孔6例,空回肠穿孔6例,结肠穿孔4例,子宫积脓自发穿孔1例,膀胱自发性破裂1例。主要CT征象有：肝上间隙积气（14例）、肝下间隙积气（8例）、肝圆韧带裂隙积气（4例）、穿孔脏器局部积气（17例）、腹腔积液（13例）、肠壁局限性增厚（9例）。结论 CT可直观地显示腹膜腔、腹膜后腔游离气体,为临床提供及时准确的诊断,并可为明确穿孔部位、病因、合并症提供较多有价值的诊断信息。     

体外碱性成纤维细胞生长因子聚乳酸纳米缓释微球对人脂肪干细胞增殖和成脂分化的影响

目的 体外观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basie fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)聚乳酸纳米缓释微球对人脂肪干细胞增殖和成脂分化的影响,为bFGF缓释微球应用于脂肪组织工程的研究提供理论依据.方法 体外分离培养脂肪干细胞,并行多向诱导分化鉴定.配制含有0、1、2、3、4、5 mg/ml bFGF聚乳酸缓释微球的脂肪干细胞培养液及成脂分化诱导液.将脂肪干细胞接种至96孔板,第2天更换含不同浓度hFGF缓释微球的培养液和成脂诱导液,分别用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)和油红O定量检测法定期检测细胞增殖和成脂分化的情况.所得数据均用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理.结果 bFGF聚乳酸缓释微球有明显促进脂肪干细胞增殖和成脂分化的作用.增殖实验和成脂诱导实验合适的作用浓度分别为3 mg/ml和4 mg/ml.结论 bFGF聚乳酸纳米缓释微球体外可以明显促进脂肪下细胞的增殖和成脂分化,可作为一种较理想的细胞因子缓释系统应用于脂肪组织工程的研究.     

空心钉治疗跟骨骨折疗效分析

目的探讨空心钉治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对75例跟骨骨折患者中38例(45足)用空心钉治疗,37例(45足)用钢板内固定治疗。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间及术后功能,对两种疗效进行对比。结果 75例患者均获得随访,时间6～18(10.32±2.18)个月。空心钉组优良率为93.33%,钢板组优良率为91.11%,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与钢板组比较,空心钉组的手术时间和术中出血量明显缩短或者减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而骨折愈合时间、Bhler角、Gissane角、跟骨距骨宽度和踝关节活动范围两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论空心钉治疗跟骨骨折能有效防止关节面复位后再塌陷及骨折端再移位,手术简便、手术创伤小,是治疗跟骨骨折较理想的一种方法。     

羧基化聚乙烯基萘纳米微球的制备和应用

以乙烯基萘(VN)为聚合单体,采用乳液聚合法制备聚乙烯基萘(PVN)纳米微球。通过对其羧基化与β2微球蛋白(β2-M)抗体偶联,制成免疫检测试剂。分别用聚苯乙烯(PS)和 PVN 检测试剂测定β2-M 含量,数据经统计学处理和分析,对自制的 PVN 纳米微球胶乳增强免疫比浊( LE-TIA)检测试剂的性能进行评价。自制的羧基化 PVN 纳米微球免疫试剂成功对标准样本进行了检测并在一定范围内有较好的线性,比 PS 检测试剂更加灵敏。利用该研究采用的方法和条件可以成功制备粒径大小可控、单分散的羧基化PVN 纳米微球,是比 PS 更优的 LETIA 新载体,具有很好的临床应用前景。