基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建及实践

目的:探讨基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建及实践。方法:选取某医学院校专科护理专业学生(护生)为研究对象,将护理1班45人作为试验组,将护理2班43人作为对照组,对照组对公共卫生安全知识实施线上与线下的常规教学,试验组实施基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程。比较两组护生内容掌握情况及学习满意度。结果:试验组护生的学习成绩明显高于对照组(P<0.01),试验组护生对教学的满意度为95.6%(43/45),明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建既可以广泛促进不同专业教师进行教学研究交流,全面提高教师教书育人能力,又可以使护生在学习过程中接触不同专业、不同领域的知识与技能,注重护生主体作用,提高学习效果和学习满意度。     

Decreased Incidence of Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis During COVID-19 Across United States Children's Hospitals

BackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic provided a natural experiment to study the effect of social distancing on the risk of developing Hirschsprung's Associated Enterocolitis (HAEC).MethodsUsing the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS), a retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years) with Hirschsprung's Disease (HSCR) across 47 United States children's hospitals was performed. The primary outcome was HAEC admissions per 10,000 patient-days. The exposure (COVID-19) was defined as April 2020–December 2021. The unexposed (historical control) period was April 2018–December 2019. Secondary outcomes included sepsis, bowel perforation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality, and length of stay.ResultsOverall, we included 5707 patients with HSCR during the study period. There were 984 and 834 HAEC admissions during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively (2.6 vs. 1.9 HAEC admissions per 10,000 patient-days, incident rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.74 [0.67, 0.81], p < 0.001). Compared to pre-pandemic, those with HAEC during the pandemic were younger (median [IQR]: 566 [162, 1430] days pandemic vs. 746 [259, 1609] days pre-pandemic, p < 0.001) and more likely to live in the lowest quartile of median household income zip codes (24% pandemic vs. 19% pre-pandemic, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in rates of sepsis (6.1% pandemic vs. 6.1% pre-pandemic, p > 0.9), bowel perforation (1.3% pandemic vs. 1.2% pre-pandemic, p = 0.8), ICU admissions (9.6% pandemic vs. 12% pre-pandemic, p = 0.2), mortality (0.5% pandemic vs. 0.6% pre-pandemic, p = 0.8), or length of stay (median [interquartile range]: 4 [(Pastor et al., 2009; Gosain and Brinkman, 2015) 2,112,11 days pandemic vs. 5 [(Pastor et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2020) 2,102,10 days pre-pandemic, p = 0.4).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly decreased incidence of HAEC admissions across US children's hospitals. Possible etiologies such as social distancing should be explored.Level of evidenceII.     

中医移动医疗App信息服务现状研究

以“七麦数据”网站收录的中医移动医疗App作为研究对象，采用网络调查法和文献分析法，根据“七麦数据”对移动医疗App的分类，结合中医移动医疗App的信息服务内容和特点，将筛选出的中医移动医疗App划分为医疗健康类、中医养生类、知识传播类、全面综合类，并根据“七麦数据”网站中对各类中医移动医疗App的打分及累计下载量筛选出最具代表性的12款中医移动医疗App，从全面性、人性化、安全性、实用性4个一级指标和40个二级指标对其信息服务现状进行评价，指出当前中医移动医疗App信息服务存在的问题并提出建议。     

Evaluating a Food Pantry–Based Intervention to Improve Food Security,Dietary Intake,and Quality in Midwestern Food Pantries

BackgroundVoices for Food was a longitudinal community, food pantry–based intervention informed by the social ecological model, and designed to improve food security, dietary intake, and quality among clients, which was carried out in 24 rural food pantries across 6 Midwestern states.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate changes in adult food security, dietary intake, and quality from baseline (2014) to follow-up (2016), and to assess the role of adult food security on dietary outcomes.DesignA multistate, longitudinal, quasi-experimental intervention with matched treatment and comparison design was used to evaluate treatment vs comparison group changes over time and changes in both groups over time.Participants/settingAdult food pantry clients (n = 617) completed a demographic food security survey, and up to three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (n = 590) and follow-up (n = 160).InterventionCommunity coaching served as the experimental component, which only “treatment” communities received, and a food council guide and food pantry toolkit were provided to both “treatment” and matched “comparison” communities.Main outcome measuresChange in adult food security status, mean usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores were the main outcome measures.Statistical analyses performedLinear mixed models estimated changes in outcomes by intervention group and by adult food security status over time.ResultsImprovements in adult food security score (–0.7 ± 0.3; P = .01), Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score (4.2 ± 1.1; P < .0001), and empty calories component score (3.4 ± 0.5; P <.0001) from baseline to follow-up were observed in treatment and comparison groups, but no statistically significant changes were found for adult food security status, dietary quality, and usual intakes of nutrients and food groups between the 2 groups over time. The intervention effect on dietary quality and usual intake changes over time by adult food security status were also not observed.ConclusionsFood pantry clients in treatment and comparison groups had higher food security and dietary quality at the follow-up evaluation of the Voices for Food intervention trial compared with baseline, despite the lack of difference among the groups as a result of the experimental coaching component.     

临床护士获取信息焦虑程度的现状调查及影响因素分析

目的调查临床护士获取信息焦虑程度的现状,并分析信息焦虑程度的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法进行横断面调查,选取2020年4—6月南京市4家综合性医院的339名临床护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷及信息焦虑量表进行调查研究。共发放问卷339份,回收有效问卷324份,有效回收率为95.58%。结果324名临床护士信息焦虑量表总分为(100.96±19.83)分,条目均分为(2.69±0.25)分,各维度条目均分从高到低依次为信息需求、信息利用能力、检索系统质量、信息检索能力、认知类型和知识结构。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、职称、文化程度以及医院等级是影响临床护士信息焦虑程度的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、职称、文化程度以及医院等级均为临床护士信息焦虑程度的主要影响因素,护理管理者应培养临床护士的信息获取意识,增强其自主获取信息的能力,以此减轻其获取信息的焦虑程度。     

高校图书馆推进ESI学科建设的情报服务

“双一流”导向下，推进ESI学科建设已经成为高校图书馆的服务核心。介绍了中国医科大学图书馆利用ESI、Incites和Web of Science数据库面向ESI学科建设的情报服务的实践过程，发现学科竞争力分析、潜力学科预测、挖掘学科领域热点与前沿、提供学科建设对策等ESI学科情报服务有助于决策人员优化学科布局、科研人员把握学科热点，助推ESI学科建设。     

安全感在护士评价恐惧与情绪表达冲突中的中介作用

目的调查护士安全感、评价恐惧及情绪表达冲突现状,探讨安全感在护士评价恐惧与情绪表达冲突中的中介作用,为护士有效应对情绪表达提供依据。方法采用安全感量表、正面评价恐惧与负面评价恐惧量表及情绪表达冲突问卷对161名护士进行调查。结果护士的安全感总分(53.84±12.44)分;正面评价恐惧总分(31.78±15.27)分、负面评价恐惧总分(24.89±7.48)分;情绪表达冲突总分(96.26±23.20)分。安全感在正面评价恐惧与情绪表达冲突之间起完全中介作用,在负面评价恐惧与情绪表达冲突之间起部分中介作用。结论护士的安全感、情绪表达冲突处于中等水平,存在着对正面评价及负面评价的恐惧。安全感在护士评价恐惧与情绪表达冲突中起到中介作用。可通过提升安全感及正确对待负面评价,以降低评价恐惧对情绪表达冲突的影响。     

Health-related information needs and preferences for information of individuals with cardiovascular disease from underserved populations: A systematic review

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to identify the information needs and preferences of individuals with CVD from underserved populations.MethodsFive databases were searched from data inception to February 2022. Pilot and case report studies, non-peer-reviewed literature, and studies published in a language other than English, Portuguese, or Spanish were excluded. Structured and thematic analysis of all included studies were performed. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program and the Downs and Black Checklist were used to assess the quality of the qualitative and quantitative studies, respectively.ResultsOf 35,698 initial records, 19 studies were included, most in observational design and classified as “fair” quality. Underserved populations – women, people living in rural areas, ethnic minority groups, older people, and those with low socioeconomic status – presented unique needs in four main groups, with some similarities across them: information about CVD, primary and secondary prevention of CVD, CVD management, and health care, policies and practices. Across the studies there was a lack of standardization on how individuals’ needs were assessed and reported.ConclusionUnderserved populations with CVD have unique information needs and preferences that should be address during their care.Practical implicationInformation from this study may assist health care professionals with the development of comprehensive strategies to improve their provision of care for specific CVD patient groups.