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1.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
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目的:观察推拿手法联合腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症急性发作期患者的效果。方法:选取90例腰椎间盘突出症急性发作期患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各45例。对照组采用腰椎牵引治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合推拿治疗,两组均治疗4周。比较两组治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、腰椎功能[日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(JOA)]评分、腰椎活动度、炎性因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平和治疗总有效率。结果:治疗后,两组VAS评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,两组JOA评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组腰椎前屈、后伸、左弯、右弯角度均大于治疗前,且观察组大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为95.56%,高于对照组的82.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:推拿手法联合腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症急性发作期患者可提高治疗总有效率、JOA评分,改善腰椎活动度,降低疼痛评分和炎性因子水平,优于单纯腰椎牵引治疗效果。  相似文献   
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Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC) is one of the most serious complications of IBD contributing to significant mortality in this cohort of patients. IBD is often associated with diet and lifestyle-related gut microbial dysbiosis, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, leading to chronic gut inflammation. According to the “common ground hypothesis”, microbial dysbiosis and intestinal barrier impairment are at the core of the chronic inflammatory process associated with IBD-CRC. Among the many underlying factors known to increase the risk of IBD-CRC, perhaps the most important factor is chronic persistent inflammation. The persistent inflammation in the colon results in increased proliferation of cells necessary for repair but this also increases the risk of dysplastic changes due to chromosomal and microsatellite instability. Multiple pathways have been identified, regulated by many positive and negative factors involved in the development of cancer, which in this case follows the ‘inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma’ sequence. Strategies to lower this risk are extremely important to reduce morbidity and mortality due to IBD-CRC, among which colonoscopic surveillance is the most widely accepted and implemented modality, forming part of many national and international guidelines. However, the effectiveness of surveillance in IBD has been a topic of much debate in recent years for multiple reasons — cost-benefit to health systems, resource requirements, and also because of studies showing conflicting long-term data. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of past, present, and future perspectives of IBD-CRC. We explore and analyse evidence from studies over decades and current best practices followed globally. In the future directions section, we cover emerging novel endoscopic techniques and artificial intelligence that could play an important role in managing the risk of IBD-CRC.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesRecurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) a chronic idiopathic oral mucosal disease. But yet the etiology and pathogenesis of RAS are not exactly known, it is thought that inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of systemic inflammation among the possible etiological factors of RAS and to find the possible diagnostic correlation between Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII).MethodsPatients who were consulted the otolaryngology outpatient clinic and diagnosed with RAS between 2019–2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and SII values were calculated based on the results of complete blood count. Demographic and hematological parameters between control and RAS groups were compared. The statistical significance level was considered as <0.05.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the control and RAS groups in terms of sex and age distributions (p = 0.566 and p = 0.173, respectively). SII, NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). A very strong correlation between SII and NLR, moderately strong correlation between SII and PLR and moderate correlation between NLR and PLR values were detected (respectively ρ: 0.813, 0.719, 0.532; p-values <0.001).ConclusionSII, NLR and PLR has significantly higher levels in the RAS group compared to the control group, that it supports the role of systemic inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of RAS. In addition, the results show that SII is a valuable marker for inflammation.Level of evidence4.  相似文献   
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Background/PurposeA small number of Hirschsprung disease (HD) patients develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like symptoms after pullthrough surgery. The etiology and pathophysiology of Hirschsprung-associated IBD (HD-IBD) remains unknown. This study aims to further characterize HD-IBD, to identify potential risk factors and to evaluate response to treatment in a large group of patients.MethodsRetrospective study of patients diagnosed with IBD after pullthrough surgery between 2000 and 2021 at 17 institutions. Data regarding clinical presentation and course of HD and IBD were reviewed. Effectiveness of medical therapy for IBD was recorded using a Likert scale.ResultsThere were 55 patients (78% male). 50% (n = 28) had long segment disease. Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) was reported in 68% (n = 36). Ten patients (18%) had Trisomy 21. IBD was diagnosed after age 5 in 63% (n = 34). IBD presentation consisted of colonic or small bowel inflammation resembling IBD in 69% (n = 38), unexplained or persistent fistula in 18% (n = 10) and unexplained HAEC >5 years old or unresponsive to standard treatment in 13% (n = 7). Biological agents were the most effective (80%) medications. A third of patients required a surgical procedure for IBD.ConclusionMore than half of the patients were diagnosed with HD-IBD after 5 years old. Long segment disease, HAEC after pull through operation and trisomy 21 may represent risk factors for this condition. Investigation for possible IBD should be considered in children with unexplained fistulae, HAEC beyond the age of 5 or unresponsive to standard therapy, and symptoms suggestive of IBD. Biological agents were the most effective medical treatment.Level of EvidenceLevel 4  相似文献   
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目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)DLX6-AS1与微小RNA(miR)-346在糖尿病足病人血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法收集2017年5月至2018年12月南阳市中心医院收治的72例糖尿病足病人为糖尿病足组,选取同期该院收治的60例2型糖尿病无糖尿病足病人为糖尿病组,取同期于该院进行健康体检的健康志愿者55例作为对照组。实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测各组受检者血清中DLX6-AS1、miR-346的表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;采用电化学发光法检测血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;采用Pearson相关性分析检验糖尿病足病人血清DLX6-AS1、miR-346的表达水平与炎性因子的相关性;采用logistic回归分析研究影响糖尿病足发生的相关因素。结果糖尿病组、糖尿病足组病人VCAM-1、FGF2、TNF-α、IL-6水平高于对照组(P<0.05),糖尿病组与糖尿病足组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组DLX6-AS1的表达量是1.01±0.13,低于糖尿病组、糖尿病足组DLX6-AS1的表达量2.16±0.25、3.20±1.03(P<0.05);对照组miR-346的表达水平是1.00±0.16,高于糖尿病组、糖尿病足组miR-346的表达水平0.73±0.11、0.41±0.08(P<0.05),糖尿病组与糖尿病足组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着糖尿病足病人Wagner分级增加DLX6-AS1的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),miR-346的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);DLX6-AS1的表达与FGF2、TNF-α、IL-6呈正相关(P<0.05),而miR-346与之呈负相关(P<0.05);DLX6-AS1与miR-346表达量是影响糖尿病足发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病足病人血清中DLX6-AS1表达量升高,而miR-346表达量降低,二者可能参与糖尿病足发生及发展过程,并可能作为临床诊断的分子标志物。  相似文献   
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目的探讨超声造影定量评估脓毒症相关急性肾损伤(S-AKI)大鼠肾血流灌注及其参数对大鼠炎症反应的监测价值。 方法选取健康SD大鼠32只,平均分为模型组和对照组,模型组采用盲肠结扎穿孔术制作脓毒症大鼠,对照组仅开腹游离盲肠末端,不结扎穿孔,直接还纳关闭腹腔。于术后12 h、24 h两个时间点每组取8只大鼠行超声造影检查,并选取感兴趣区绘制时间强度曲线进行定量分析,下腔静脉取血检测血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素(Urea)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素10(IL-10),留取肾标本进行病理检查。采用独立样本t检验和非参数检验(Mann-Whitney U)统计不同时间点两组各指标的差异,采用Spearman相关分析超声造影定量参数[造影剂到达时间(AT)、达峰时间(TTP)、上升斜率(AS)、峰值强度(PI)、降半时间(DT/2)、下降斜率(DS)、曲线下面积(AUC)]与炎症因子的相关性。 结果(1)模型组肾功能指标Scr、Urea、炎症因子指标IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10于两个时间点均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(2)造影剂团注后2~4 s,肾血管快速增强,随后皮质、髓质依次显影,髓质、皮质依次消退。与对照组相比,模型组12 h肾皮质TTP增加[(10.47±1.25)s vs(8.30±1.53)s],DS、PI减小[(-0.13±0.02)dB/s vs(-0.17±0.04)dB/s;(23.90±1.36)dB vs(27.26±1.88)dB],髓质TTP、DT/2增加[(11.66±1.99)s vs(9.00±1.28)s;(62.49±4.56)s vs(52.15±7.70)s],DS减小[(-0.13±0.02)dB/s vs(-0.17±0.03)dB/s],差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.105、-3.121、4.102、-3.180、-3.268,-2.915,P=0.008、0.008、0.001、0.007、0.007、0.011),模型组24 h肾皮质AS、DS增加[(0.99±0.17)dB/s vs(0.61±0.19)dB/s;(-0.23±0.03)dB/s vs(-0.15±0.04)dB/s],DT/2、AUC减小[(42.41±3.03)s vs(61.07±6.52)s;(2477.89±113.37)dB·s vs(3024.93±253.81)dB·s],髓质AS、DS、AT增加[(1.00±0.27)dB/s vs(0.66±0.17)dB/s;(-0.23±0.06)dB/s vs(-0.15±0.04)dB/s;(4.30±0.34)s vs(3.77±0.29)s],DT/2、AUC减小[(42.73±7.02)s vs(59.64±9.23)s;(2335.75±189.77)dB·s vs(2689.72±285.45)dB·s],差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.262、5.138、7.344、5.566、-3.061、3.108、-3.349、4.124、2.921,P=0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、=0.008、=0.008、=0.005、=0.001、=0.011)。(3)肾皮质超声造影定量参数PI、AUC与血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10呈显著相关(r=-0.562、-0.398、-0.512;-0.540、-0.638、-0.430,P均<0.05)。(4)肾病理切片行过碘酸雪夫染色显示,模型组大鼠肾出现肾小管轮廓不清、扩张、刷状缘脱落、肾小管上皮细胞扁平化、脱落表现,24 h模型组部分肾小管管型形成;对照组大鼠病理表现正常。 结论超声造影可以实时动态观察大鼠肾血流灌注过程,定量评价血流灌注水平,初步监测机体的炎症反应状态。  相似文献   
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