大鼠子宫腔粘连模型的构建与改进

目的 宫腔粘连是一种严重损害女性生殖健康的疾病。为了进一步研究宫腔粘连的发生机制,采用经典的子宫内膜刮除法制作宫腔粘连大鼠模型,并对该模型进行评价和改进。 方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为3组：假手术组、子宫内膜刮除组和子宫内膜及部分间质刮除组,每组20只。假手术组打开宫腔后即缝合并关腹。子宫内膜刮除组用刀片刮除双侧子宫内膜。子宫内膜及部分间质刮除组用刀片刮除双侧子宫内膜和间质层,直至表面有粗糙感为止。术后3、7、14、21、28 d取材,行组织学和免疫组织化学评估。 结果 刮宫后两组大鼠子宫内膜上皮层消失,子宫内膜刮除组大鼠术后7d可发现重新长出的子宫内膜。而子宫内膜和部分间质刮除组大鼠各时间点组织学染色见上皮层消失,间质减少50%以上,腺体数目减少,子宫内膜纤维化面积比随着刮宫时间延长而增高。刮宫后转化生长因子β1的表达增高,基质金属蛋白酶9的表达降低。与宫腔黏连发生的机制相符。 结论 刮除子宫内膜和部分间质能够制备出大鼠宫腔黏连的模型,本研究宫腔黏连大鼠模型能反映宫腔粘连的组织学和病理学变化,可用于宫腔粘连的实验研究。     

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症临床病理特征分析

目的探讨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的临床病理特征。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年9月泰安市中心医院病理科确诊的5例朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症患者的临床资料，分析其病理形态学特点及免疫表型。 结果男性2例，女性3例；3例累及骨组织，1例累及腭部软组织，1例累及淋巴结；形态学均表现为肿瘤细胞呈圆形或卵圆形，有核沟，细胞质轻度嗜酸性，背景为数量不等的嗜酸性粒细胞、组织细胞、小淋巴细胞及中性粒细胞。免疫表型方面，肿瘤细胞一致性表达CD4、CD1α及S-100。 结论朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症是一种少见的朗格汉斯细胞克隆性增生性病变，免疫组织化学表达稳定，选择合适的免疫组织化学抗体并结合病理形态学特征方能正确诊断。     

Validation of plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine methods on the ADVIA Centaur® XP

Standardization programs for thyroid hormones have revealed bias between immunochemical methods and the reference method ED-ID-LC/MS. Lack of standardization between methods, suboptimal reference intervals and replacement of serum with plasma may compromise the capability of the immunochemical thyroid methods to diagnose thyroid disease. To accommodate the demand for faster turn-around times for laboratory replies, we replaced serum with plasma on some serum CE marked thyroid methods. This forced us to do on-board analytical correction for the plasma total T4 (TT4) method on ADVIA Centaur^® XP. We, next, validated the capability of the ADVIA Centaur^® XP thyroid methods on plasma by (1) first carrying out a prospective method comparison with the ED-ID-LC/MS reference method using collected plasma samples, (2) we verified the clinical reference intervals by analyzing collected plasma samples from healthy individuals, and (3) retrospectively compared laboratory results from two different time periods using serum TT4 and serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) versus plasma free thyroxine (FT4) and plasma TT3, respectively, to diagnose thyroid disease. The plasma FT4 method displayed a negative concentration-dependent bias against the reference method. This bias was apparently counteracted by a fitted reference interval for the plasma FT4 method. Indeed, overt hyperthyroid disease was found in 1.0% and 1.1% of the cases using serum and plasma and overt hypothyroid condition were in 1.3% and 0.6% of the cases using serum and plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the ADVIA Centaur^® XP FT4 method displayed a negative bias at high plasma FT4 concentrations against the reference method, but the diagnostic performance was not compromised due to a fitted reference interval.     

The search for the central swallowing pathway: The quest for clarity

As the work of Dr. Martin Donner has brought a clarity to understanding swallowing, so has the work of various neuroscientists, including that of a Nobel Laureate, in providing us with a better comprehension of this complex motor pattern. Understanding the neural control of swallowing has been a process that has occurred during this century in which several investigators, primarily from Europe, Japan, Canada, and the United States, have brought their perspectives in applying particular techniques to decipher how the central and peripheral nervous system control swallowing. Swallowing represents a complex muscular response of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal regions which are integrated to provide an effective functional pattern that prepares and transports food while simultaneously protecting the airway. This adaptation of the upper gastrointestinal tract in mammals has been extensively studied peripherally by two methods: recording from the peripheral nerves and muscles, and stimulating peripheral nerves and their receptive fields that can induce the pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing. The study of the peripheral nervous system has provided insight into the sensory receptive fields that evoke or facilitate swallowing, and has established the first serious evidence of the all-or-none sequential contraction pattern of the oropharyngeal and esophageal muscles. It has been these electromyographic studies of the muscles that has established much of the criteria for evaluating the central swallowing pathway. Five techniques have been applied to the central nervous system to study swallowing and include lesioning or destroying discrete regions to determine how swallowing is impaired or modified, electrically stimulating the central neural tissue to determine the type of effects on swallowing, recording from the central neural tissue with macro- and microelectrodes to ascertain when neurons respond in timing to the peripheral muscle activity during swallowing, applying pharmacological agents through micropipettes which could mimic or inhibit potential transmitters, and using immunochemical techniques to tag specific chemicals that could be transmitters used by the neurons in the central swallowing pathway. These various techniques have provided insight into how the central swallowing pathway is organized but the details of the central control are still in the process of being defined and will require as much effort this next century as has been previously developed over the past 90 years.Presented in part at the Fourth Multidisciplinary Symposium on Dysphagia, Baltimore, MD, April 22–24, 1992.     

转录因子POU5F1在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨转录因子POU5F1在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法 收集2011年1月至2013年7月142例手术切除的结直肠癌组织及86例癌旁黏膜组织存档蜡块。采用免疫组化SP法检测以上组织中POU5F1的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系;根据随访资料分析POU5F1表达与预后的关系,采用Cox比例风险模型分析影响预后的因素。结果 POU5F1阳性表达定位于细胞核和胞质。其在结直肠癌中的高表达率为47.2％（67／142）,高于癌旁黏膜组织的23.3％（20／86）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;POU5F1表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、远处转移、CEA、CA50及CA199均无关,与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及分化程度有关（P＜0.05）;结直肠癌患者中POU5F1高表达者的中位总生存时间（OS）为26.4个月,低于低表达者的33.6个月,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Cox比例风险模型分析显示,浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、TNM分期和POU5F1表达为影响OS的独立因素。结论 POU5F1在结直肠癌组织中表达增高,且与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、分化程度及OS有关,在结直肠癌诊断及预后预测中有一定价值。     

补阳还五汤对脑出血模型大鼠脑组织CXCR4-PI3K自噬信号传导通路及Beclin-1的影响

BACKGROUND:Buyang Huanwu Decoction is commonly used in clinical medicine in treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage. Previous studies have been found that it has excellent neuroprotective effect, can efficiently inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells. Autophagic activity is closely related to apoptosis of nerve cells. CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signaling pathway has been verified in clinic. However, the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction is poorly understood. There is no study on Beclin-1 in the neuroprotective studies of Buyang Huanwu Decoction.  OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signaling pathway and Beclin-1 in rats with cerebral hemorrhage and related mechanisms.  METHODS:According to Rosenberg method, a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was replicated and intragastrically administered Buyang Huanwu Decoction. Western blot assay was used to measure Beclin-1 protein. Immunohistochemical method was utilized to detect the expression of PI3K, AKT, stromal cell derived factor 1 and CXCR-4 protein. TUNEL assay was applied to identify apoptosis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After administration, Buyang Huanwu Decoction could reduce the number of neuronal apoptosis in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage, up-regulate the expression of Beclin-1, PI3K, AKT, stromal cell derived factor 1, and CXCR-4 protein, and exert neuroprotective effect. (2) Buyang Huanwu Decoction could activate CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signal transduction pathway, both to stimulate autophagy and to regulate autophagy state, can inhibit apoptosis, and exert cerebral protective effect.     

核转录因子κB相关蛋白在特发性眼眶炎性假瘤细胞中的表达变化及其意义

背景 特发性眼眶炎性假瘤(IOIP)是常见的眼眶疾病之一,症状严重,治疗后易复发,其发病机制尚不清楚.研究表明,核转录因子κB(NF-κB)相关蛋白参与炎症反应、免疫应答以及细胞的重要病理生理过程,其在IOIP的发生过程中是否发挥作用值得关注. 目的 探讨NF-κB信号通路在IOIP发病机制中的作用.方法 于2010年9月至2016年5月收集在北京同仁医院眼科手术切除并经组织病理学证实的IOIP组织标本24例,制备石蜡切片,采用苏木精-伊红染色法检查IOIP的组织病理学特征,采用免疫组织化学法检测和定位IOIP细胞中NF-κB相关蛋白NF-κB/p65、p-p65、p50和κB抑制蛋白α(IκB-α)的表达,采用免疫细胞化学法及Western blot法对免疫组织化学检测结果进行验证. 结果 IOIP的病理组织学特征为以小淋巴细胞为主的多种炎性细胞浸润及不同程度的纤维结缔组织增生,病灶涉及泪腺时可见大量上皮样细胞.免疫组织化学法检测显示,24例IOIP标本的细胞质中均可见NF-κB/p65阳性表达,其中15例可见细胞核中NF-κB/p65呈阳性表达,占62.5％;22例IOIP标本的细胞质中p50呈阳性表达,占91.7％,其中17例细胞核中p50呈阳性表达,占70.8％;22例IOIP标本中p-p65呈阳性表达,占91.7％;11例IOIP标本中IκB-α呈阳性表达,均定位于细胞质,占45.8％.免疫细胞化学法及Western blot结果与免疫组织化学法检测结果一致.结论 IOIP发病过程中NF-κB信号通路可能被激活,NF-κB信号通路可能参与IOIP的发病机制.     

面神经损伤后面神经核中神经型钙黏附分子及胎盘型钙黏附分子的表达

背景：面神经周围性损伤后,首先涉及其中枢神经元轴突的逆行性反应,神经能否再生则取决于神经元胞体的存活及功能状态。目的：检测面神经损伤后,面神经核中神经型钙黏附分子和胎盘型钙黏附分子的表达变化。方法：将新西兰大白兔随机分为模型组(n=48)和对照组(n=8)。模型组兔建立右侧面神经压榨损伤模型。模型组分别于损伤后1,4,7,14,21,28 d各取8只兔进行检测。运用免疫组织化学SP法及实时定量PCR法检测兔右侧面神经核运动神经元中神经型钙黏附分子和胎盘型钙黏附分子蛋白及mRNA的表达水平。结果与结论：对照组兔右侧面神经核运动神经元中无神经型钙黏附分子或胎盘型钙黏附分子标记的阳性神经元。模型组兔右侧面神经核运动神经元中存在神经型钙黏附分子和胎盘型钙黏附分子阳性神经元,2种阳性神经元数量均在第14天时达到峰值。与对照组相比,模型组损伤后4-28 d兔面神经核中神经型钙黏附分子mRNA的表达水平明显增加,损伤后1 d时兔面神经核中胎盘型钙黏附分子mRNA的表达水平明显下降,损伤后7-28 d时兔面神经核中胎盘型钙黏附分子mRNA的表达水平明显增加。提示面神经损伤的早期即出现2种分子的阳性表达,其中胎盘型钙黏附分子的表达自神经损伤后一直存在,而神经型钙黏附分子表达时间相对较短。在面神经损伤时,面神经核中神经型钙黏附分子和胎盘型钙黏附分子均表达增加,说明面神经再生可能与黏附分子的高表达有关。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer dementia and in non-demented elderly

Summary Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed brain was employed to compare the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in five patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) and three patients with AD/SDAT combined with multi-infarct dementia (MID/SDAT) with that of six non-demented aged controls. The diffusion of serum proteins through the BBB was visualized with antisera to albumin, prealbumin, immunoglobulin, C1q, C3c and to fibrinogen. A similar patterns of diffusion was seen in AD/SDAT and non-demented aged individuals. Neuron and glial cells were stained with different antisera in the vicinity of the diffusion. Senile (neuritic) plaques were occasionally visualized with antisera to IgG, C1q and C3c but not with antisera to albumin, prealbumin and fibrinogen in both demented and non-demented aged individuals. Neurofibrillary tangles were not labelled with any of the antisera studied. These results indicate that the BBB is compromised equally in AD/SDAT and in the non-demented elderly.Supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council, King Gustaf V. and Queen Victoria's Foundation, Osterman's, Pfannestill's, Mångberg's and Thuring's foundations and NIH grants NS 18105 and NS 17487     

Evaluation of a bench-top nephelometric immunoassay analyzer

We evaluated the Technicon DPA-1 immunoassay analyzer on its analytical characteristics. Therefore we studied three assays: albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and IgG and transferrin in serum. When tested with the Cusum test for linearity albumin, IgG, and transferrin measurements showed no deviation from linearity. Closer examination revealed an abrupt difference of recovery (from 99 to 87%) in the albumin assay when the automatic dilution changed over from the primary analytical to the high analytical concentration range. One calibration was found sufficient for at least 14 days of measurement. Imprecision was well below the critical limits for reproducibility. We found reasonable agreement between the results from the DPA-1 and the results from comparison methods. However, the correlation plot of IgG showed lack of fit at a distinct segment of the regression line. This appeared to be caused by the poor recovery of the DPA-1 at the lower limit of the high analytical concentration range. The assays of IgG and transferrin were found insensitive for interference by hemoglobin, triglycerides, urea, and bilirubin. The albumin assay was found sensitive for bilirubin and triglycerides. No reagent- and sample-to-sample carry-over could be detected in the assays evaluated.