基于CiteSpace的中医体质辨识研究可视化计量分析＊

目的 以“中医体质辨识”为主题开展系统的可视化分析，探索中医体质辨识领域的发展现状、研究热点、发展趋势，为后续研究提供借鉴。方法 以中国知网（CNKI）数据库为数据源检索相关文献，并将所得数据文件导入CiteSpace软件，对作者、机构和关键词进行共现分析并得到相关知识图谱。结果 共纳入1099篇文献，通过CiteSpace共现分析找到中医体质辨识领域研究的高产机构、具有代表性的研究者以及高频关键词。研究发现各个研究者及机构缺乏沟通合作，研究热点主题有体质研究、治未病、健康管理、与现代生物医学相结合。结论 中医体质辨识领域的研究逐年增加，知识图谱揭示了中医体质辨识在健康管理、与现代生物医学相结合将是未来的研究趋势。     

水蛭分子鉴定方法的研究进展

水蛭基原复杂、市场混乱、传统方法难以有效鉴别,临床用药的安全性无法保障。分子鉴定方法根据生物间的分子特征差异进行鉴定,不受自然环境、生长发育阶段等外部因素影响,具有快速、准确、客观的特点。目前应用于水蛭的分子鉴定方法有:基于核酸的RAPD技术、SSR技术、DNA条形码技术和基于蛋白质的SDS-PAGE技术、同工酶分析技术,本文在简述水蛭不同分子鉴定方法研究进展的基础上,对水蛭不同分子鉴定方法的技术和应用特点进行比较,最后对DNA宏条形码技术、Target-sequencing技术、电化学传感检测技术在水蛭混合物,特别是中成药中水蛭成分的鉴定进行展望,旨在为水蛭鉴定方法的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

期刊评审人危机的化解机制:认证、认定与激励

【目的】 探索期刊评审人危机的化解方法。【方法】 分析引起评审人危机的原因,并对认证、认定和激励评审人的可行性进行分析,提出一些具体的执行方案。【结果】 科技期刊可从以下方面化解评审人危机:提高评审过程的开放性和透明性;将评审报告标注DOI号,使其变成可被引用的文献,并与评审人的ORCID关联;借鉴新的社交媒体平台的认证、认定和激励机制,构建期刊同行评审工作认证平台,对评审工作进行认证和记录关联;对评审人工作的量和质进行评价和奖惩激励。【结论】 结合上述认证、认定和激励措施,一方面可以解决传统同行评审的弊端,避免学术欺诈和虚假评审问题;另一方面将允许有更多合格的研究人员自愿参与学术期刊的同行评审;再者,通过激励可以使评审人更快、更高效、更富信誉和建设性地进行评审,从而促进期刊和科学的发展。     

Identification of substance use disorders in burn patients using simple diagnostic screening tools (AUDIT/DAST-10)

Introduction and objectivesSubstance use is disproportionately high in burn patients and associated with adverse outcomes. Screening methods for substance use disorders may help predict or avoid adverse outcomes.The University of Utah Burn Center records self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tests (AUDIT) and Drug Abuse Screening Tests (DAST-10) for all adult burn admissions. This study assessed for association between AUDIT/DAST-10 scores and burn patient outcomes.MethodsA retrospective chart review of adult burn patients admitted to the University of Utah from 05/01/2014–06/30/2017. Patient demographics, injury data, and substance use data were collected and analyzed.Results322 patients underwent AUDIT/DAST-10 screening (n = 322). 56 (17.4%) had positive AUDIT screens (score ≥ 8). 15/50 with alcohol use at time of injury (TOI) had negative AUDIT screens. Median AUDIT score with TOI alcohol use was 12, without TOI alcohol use was 1. 30/55 patients offered alcohol counseling accepted.14 patients (4.3%) had positive DAST-10 screens (score ≥3). 9/25 with drug use at TOI had negative DAST-10 screens. No patients without TOI drug use had DAST-10 scores >2. 9/11 patients offered drug counseling accepted.Mean standardized length of stay (LOS) per TBSA burn injury was 1.7 days for positive AUDIT, 1.6 days for negative AUDIT. Median standardized LOS was 1.4 days for positive DAST-10, 1.7 days for negative DAST-10.ConclusionsAUDIT and DAST-10 screens can identify burn patients with problematic substance use, allowing early intervention. Positive screening scores do not independently predict longer hospital stays, increased wound severity, or treatment noncompliance.     

大鼠成牙骨质细胞的体外培养及其生物学特性的实验研究

目的 :探讨体外培养源于大鼠磨牙牙骨质的成牙骨质细胞 (cementoblast ,CMB)的可行性 ,以期建立能排除牙周其它细胞干扰的CMB体外实验模型。方法 :使用组织块结合酶消化的二步法 ,分别培养来自牙骨质的CMB ,来自牙槽骨的成骨细胞 (osteoblast ,OB)和来自牙周韧带 ( periodontalligament ,PDL)的成纤维细胞。然后对所培养的细胞分别进行骨钙素免疫组化染色和碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活力测定 ,并利用茜素红S ,检测在条件培养基下细胞形成矿化结节的情况。结果 :3种牙周细胞都可从约 12周大鼠第一磨牙根周获得进行原代培养。骨钙素在体外培养的CMB和成骨细胞中被强烈表达 ,在PDL成纤维细胞 (PDLC)中几乎不表达。成骨细胞ALP活性最强 ,在成纤维细胞中适中 ,在CMB中几乎无活性。CMB形成矿化结节茜素红S染色阳性。结论 :CMB可以在体外成功培养 ,并可与牙槽骨OB、PDLC相区别。CMB在形态和蛋白表达等很多地方与成骨细胞相似 ,如表达矿化相关蛋白等 ,但它几乎没有ALP活性 ;矿化条件下 ,能在体外形成矿化结节     

水蛭真伪鉴定和质量评价方法研究进展

目的 通过进一步完善水蛭的真伪鉴别与质量评价方法,为保障水蛭临床用药安全有效提供参考。方法 以“水蛭”、“鉴定”、“鉴别”以及“质量评价”等为关键字,在中国知网、维普网、万方数据、PubMed、Science Direct、Web of science等数据库中查询2000年1月—2022年8月发表的相关研究论文,并以“真伪鉴定”和“质量评价”为主旨进行文献综述。结果 水蛭真伪鉴别方法包括性状鉴别、理化鉴别、分子鉴别、蛋白质电泳鉴别和毛细管电泳鉴别等多种方法,其中分子鉴别和蛋白质电泳鉴别两种方法客观性强、准确性高,应用广泛;而质量评价方法较为丰富,包括抗凝血酶评价法、高效液相色谱法、蛋白质电泳法、红外光谱分析法、气相色谱质谱联用技术、指纹图谱技术等。结论 分子鉴别是水蛭目前最准确的鉴别方法,在中药材及中成药中均可适用;由于药效物质并不十分明确,因此以抗凝血酶评价法的生物评价技术和宏观评价的指纹图谱技术在质量评价中更具优势。     

Systematic screening and structural characterization of dipeptides using offline 2D LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS: A case study of Cordyceps sinensis

Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is a widely used and highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine. Several dipeptides have been detected in C. sinensis, but current scientific knowledge of its chemical makeup remains limited. In this study, an improved approach that integrates offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) separation, precursor ion list, library screening, and diagnostic ion filtering was established to systematically screen and characterize dipeptides in C. sinensis. Offline 2D LC integrating hydrophilic interaction LC and reverse phase separations was established to eliminate interference and identify the target dipeptides. A library containing the potential 400 dipeptides was created, and a precursor ion list with all theoretical precursor ions was adopted to trigger the MS/MS scan with high sensitivity. To identify dipeptides, the type and connection sequence of amino acids were determined according to the product ions. Ile and Leu residues were differentiated for the first time according to the characteristic ion at m/z 69.07. Ultimately, 170 dipeptides were identified or tentatively characterized from C. sinensis, and most are reported for the first time in this species herein. In addition, the identified dipeptides were also applied for discrimination among the three Cordyceps species, and 11 markers were identified. The obtained results provide a deeper understanding of the chemical basis of C. sinensis.