Percutaneous transcatheter super-selective renal arterial embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transcatheter super-selective renal arterial embolization (SRAE) with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage.MethodsBetween January 2014 and December 2019, 45 patients (including 18 patients with coagulopathy), who underwent percutaneous transcatheter SRAE with NBCA for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage at our institution, were retrospectively reviewed. The technical success rate, clinical success rate, and embolization-related complications were analyzed. The values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine (sCr), and serum urea (sUr) were analyzed at the time of pre-SRAE, post-SRAE, and last follow-up to evaluate the effects of NBCA-based SRAE on renal function.ResultsDiagnostic renal arteriography revealed contrast extravasation in 18 patients and pseudoaneurysms in 27 patients. NBCA mixed with iodized oil in a 1:2–1:4 ratio was the sole embolic agent. No procedure-related mortality or major complications occurred. The technical and clinical success rates were both 100%. The values of eGFR, sCr and sUr were not found to be significantly different between pre-SRAE, post-SRAE and last follow-up (eGFR: 91.52 ?± ?21.17 vs. 90.98 ?± ?22.11 vs. 92.14 ?± ?23.51 ?mL/min/1.73 ?m², p ?= ?0.729; sCr: 74.73 ?± ?11.08 vs. 75.27 ?± ?12.43 vs. 73.95 ?± ?10.14 ?μmol/L, p ?= ?0.543; sUr: 5.69 ?± ?0.84 vs. 5.71 ?± ?0.96 vs. 5.70 ?± ?0.79, p ?= ?0.515, respectively).ConclusionsPercutaneous transcatheter SRAE with NBCA is a safe and effective treatment modality for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage with no deterioration of renal function.     

医源性面瘫的手术治疗

报道医源性面瘫的手术治疗经验，探讨其发生原因、处理措施及治疗效果。     

左锁骨下动脉闭塞行腔内再通术中医源性B型主动脉夹层1例

<正>患者男,51岁,半月前出现左上肢无力,活动后头晕;既往无特殊病史。查体:左挠动脉、肱动脉搏动明显减弱,双上肢收缩压差45 mmHg。经颅多普勒检查:左椎动脉血流反向;CTA:左锁骨下动脉起始部闭塞伴明显纡曲,闭塞段长约14mm(图1)。入院后双联抗血小板治疗3天后,经股动脉穿刺入路行闭塞段开通、球囊扩张及支架成形术。将8F导引导     

Iatrogenic injury to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve: records of 449 cases

The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to describe iatrogenic lesions to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve, signs and symptoms, and functional status, (2) to report on a simple neurosensory examination method, and (3) to discuss means of prevention of iatrogenic injury. The etiology and functional status of 449 injuries to oral branches collected over 18 years were retrospectively reviewed. A simple scheme of a clinical neurosensory examination was applied to enable a quantified rating of the perception. Injury to the lingual nerve (n = 261) is not only the most prevalent type of lesion, it also seems to be the most devastating type of lesion. Third molar surgery (n = 319) counts for the majority of injuries to the lingual, inferior alveolar, and buccal nerves. Lesions related to the injection of local analgesics was the second most frequent etiology (n = 78), and the lingual nerve was affected more frequently and severely than other oral branches of the trigeminal nerve. The female gender was overrepresented in incidence of injured nerves but no difference was found in the severity of affection between females and males. All grades of loss of neurosensory functions were found, and a range of neurogenic malfunctions was reported. Methodological obstacles in clinical neurosensory examination of trigeminal nerve injury and the magnitude of neurosensory impairment are discussed. Many nerve injuries are avoidable by critical reevaluation of indications, increased awareness of potential hazards, and modified surgical procedures.     

医院获得性肺血栓栓塞症的临床特征与危险因素分析

背景与目的 有关医院获得性肺血栓栓塞症（HA-PTE）的流行病学数据大多来自单一病种的调查研究,对于全院范围内HA-PTE的调查研究尚少。因此,本研究对全院范围内HA-PTE患者流行病学及临床特征等进行分析,以期为HA-PTE防治与管理提供参考依据。 方法 收集中南大学湘雅医院2018年1月1日—12月31日确诊HA-PTE患者（病例组）的临床资料和实验室检验数据,并根据性别、年龄、入院Caprini血栓风险评分等级、是否接受外科手术及手术等级,按1∶1匹配同期非HA-PTE患者作为对照组。分析HA-PTE患者的发病率、病死率、相关临床病理因素、危险因素及有价值的预测指标等。 结果 2018年度122 942例住院患者中确诊新发HA-PTE患者68例（0.55‰）,无HA-PTE相关死亡病例。42.65%（29/68）的HA-PTE患者同时合并有深静脉血栓形成。HA-PTE患者主要分布在神经内科（14/68,20.59%）、普通外科（11/68,16.18%）和呼吸内科（8/68,11.76%）。单因素分析结果显示,病例组呼吸系统疾病、肺部感染及入住ICU的比例高于较对照组（OR=4.60,95% CI=1.75~12.10,P=0.002;OR=2.38,95% CI=1.04~5.43,P=0.040;OR=11.00,95% CI=1.42~85.20,P=0.022）,总住院时长与住院总费用高于对照组（OR=1.11,95% CI=1.05~1.18,P<0.005;OR=1.01,95% CI=1.00~1.03,P=0.005）,纤维蛋白原降解产物（FDP）水平高于对照组（OR=1.11,95% CI=1.03~1.20,P=0.004）。多因素分析结果显示,呼吸系统疾病（校正OR=3.58,95% CI=1.32~9.71,P=0.012）和入住ICU（校正OR=11.38,95% CI=1.38~93.54,P=0.024）是HA-PTE的独立危险因素。 结论 患有呼吸系统疾病和入住过ICU的患者为HA-PTE的高危人群,神经内科、普通外科和呼吸内科是HA-PTE的高危科室,HA-PTE会导致患者的住院时长和医疗费用显著增高。FDP水平对于HA-PTE可能有一定的预测价值。     

Risks of injury in distal metatarsal minimally invasive osteotomy when comparing standard and modified techniques: A cadaveric study

BackgroundThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the structures at risk in distal metatarsal mini-invasive osteotomy (DMMO) and to compare standard and intraosseous approaches.MethodsDMMO was performed on the second and fourth metatarsals of 11 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens. The standard technique was performed in 11 metatarsals. It was then compared to a modified intraosseous technique that entails starting inside the bone in 11 other metatarsals. The cadavers were dissected to identify unintentional injury to soft tissue structures.ResultsIn the standard group the most injured structures were the metatarsal joint capsules (MJC) (27%), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (18%), and extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) (9%). The modified intraosseous group injured the EDL (27%), not the MJC (0%) and the EDB (0%). Distances between osteotomies and the dorsal metatarsal head articular surface (DMHAS) were 6.08 ± 3.99 mm in the standard and 9.92 ± 3.42 mm in the modified (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe DMMO techniques most frequently injured the EDL. Intra-articular positioning of the osteotomy was more observed in the standard. Overall, it appears the modified method could be an alternative to the standard DMMO.Clinical relevanceThe modified minimally invasive DMMO has a comparable rate of potential iatrogenic injuries. This intraosseous procedure may present as an option when planning surgery to the lesser metatarsals.Level of EvidenceLevel III. Comparative Cadaveric Study.     

医源性胆道损伤的原因分析与防治策略

目的：探讨医源性胆道损伤（IBDI）发生的原因、治疗方法与预防措施。 方法：回顾性分析2004年1月—2010年9月期间56例术后发生IBDI患者的临床资料。 结果：56例IBDI中,腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术所致分别为36例（64.3%）与12例（21.4%）,胆总管探查术所致5例（8.9%）,胃癌根治术所致3例（5.4%）;术中发现胆道损伤33例（59.0%）,术后发现胆道损伤23例（41.0%）;分别行胆道修补、重建、胆肠吻合、胆道支撑等胆道修复方式,其中3例经3次修复术后仍再发胆道狭窄、肝内胆管结石,3例因术后感染性休克或肝衰竭死亡,术后随访优良率为89.3%（50/56）,疗效差占10.7%（6/56）。 结论：IBDI原因与局部解剖变异因素、病理因素、术者技术因素有关;IBDI需根据其发生原因、发现时间、损伤部位与程度,胆管狭窄程度及患者全身情况等综合因素行个体化胆道修复治疗。