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IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
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BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.  相似文献   
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ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
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目的探讨非小细胞肺癌组织中微小RNA-139-5p(miR-139-5p)、钙黏蛋白相关蛋白(CTNNB1)表达与患者放射敏感性的关系。方法选取2017年2月—2021年5月于唐山市人民医院放化七科和肿瘤内科就诊的非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织156例为研究对象(研究组);另选取非小细胞肺癌患者86例癌旁正常肺组织作为对照组;根据放射治疗敏感性评定标准,将研究组患者分为进展亚组(n=28)、稳定亚组(n=42)、缓解亚组(n=86)。采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学法分别检测肺癌组织、癌旁正常肺组织miR-139-5p、CTNNB1蛋白表达;分析非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织miR-139-5p、CTNNB1蛋白表达与临床病理特征及放射敏感性的关系;Spearman法分析非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织miR-139-5p表达水平与CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达的相关性;Logistic回归分析影响非小细胞肺癌患者放射敏感性的因素。结果研究组癌组织miR-139-5p表达水平低于对照组(t/P=15.204/0.000),CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达率高于对照组(χ2/P=59.206/0.000);miR-139-5p低表达患者中有淋巴结转移、组织分化程度低、TNM分期Ⅳ期患者比例高于miR-139-5p高表达患者(χ2/P=16.006/0.000、24.669/0.000、22.213/0.000);CTNNB1蛋白阴性表达患者中有淋巴结转移、组织分化程度低、TNM分期Ⅳ期患者比例低于CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达患者(χ2/P=21.922/0.000、22.959/0.000、30.108/0.000);非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织miR-139-5p表达水平与CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达呈负相关(r/P=-0.503/0.000);缓解亚组、稳定亚组、进展亚组miR-139-5p低表达率及CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达率依次升高(χ2/P=25.762/0.000、18.721/0.000);CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达、TNM分期高是影响放射敏感性的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=2.872(1.546~5.335)、2.732(1.459~5.115)],miR-139-5p高表达是影响放射敏感性的保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.845(0.750~0.952)]。结论非小细胞肺癌组织中miR-139-5p表达下调、CTNNB1蛋白阳性表达上调,且一定程度上影响放射敏感性。  相似文献   
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目的 探讨影响原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者树突状细胞功能异常的基因,为ITP治疗寻求新方法。 方法 随机选取ITP患者(ITP组)8例和同期入院体检健康者8例正常对照组为研究对象,分离外周单个核细胞并在体外诱导分化为单核细胞源性树突状细胞(moDCs),选取ITP组和正常对照组moDCs样本各3例,使用Illumina Hiseq平台进行转录组测序,并完成生物信息学分析。其他moDCs样本分为对照组、ITP组和ITP+雷帕霉素处理组,采用Western blotting法检测哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1(mTORC1)信号通路激活情况,采用流式细胞术检测moDCs表面分子表达,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测moDCs细胞因子分泌能力。 结果 差异性表达分析显示,与正常对照组相比,ITP组患者moDCs中有161个基因表达上调,320个基因表达下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。利用基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库对差异基因进行功能和分子通路注释,结果表明差异基因主要集中在T细胞分化、T细胞共刺激、T细胞活化等生物学过程和T细胞受体信号通路等信号途径。基因集富集分析(GSEA)显示,ITP组患者树突状细胞中mTORC1信号通路基因表达上调。进一步验证发现,ITP组患者moDCs中磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和mTORC1活化标志物磷酸化核糖体蛋白S6激酶(S6K)相对含量升高,同时ITP组患者moDCs共刺激分子CD80、CD86和促炎因子白介素6(IL-6)、白介素12(IL-12)的表达增加,而白介素10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达降低。使用mTORC1抑制剂雷帕霉素可以抑制moDCs共刺激分子CD80、CD86的表达和促炎因子IL-6、IL-12的分泌,并上调IL-10的表达,而对TGF-β的分泌无明显影响。 结论 ITP患者moDCs中mTORC1信号通路高度激活,使用mTORC1抑制剂雷帕霉素可以改善moDCs的免疫调节能力。因此,mTORC1信号通路可能是调节ITP患者moDCs功能异常的新靶点。  相似文献   
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目的 初步确定宁夏回族自治区人群心血管疾病高危率,了解高危类型及聚集情况,分析相关危险因素,为宁夏心血管疾病的预防、早诊早治提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法, 选择8个县、区开展筛查。对调查对象进行问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检查。计数资料用率表示, 组间比较采用χ2检验,影响因素采用logistic回归分析。结果 共调查65249人,心血管疾病高危人群占比18.85%(12298例)。男性高危率(20.21%)高于女性(17.81%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=59.97,P <0.05)。回族高危率(18.40%)低于汉族(19.00%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.03,P>0.05)。城乡(χ2=55.73)、教育程度(χ2=200.27)、职业(χ2=232.01)、家庭年收入(χ2=152.36)、婚姻状况(χ2=70.49)、BMI(χ2=1412.11)、吸烟(χ2=12.51)和饮酒(χ2=19.02)等因素的心血管疾病高危率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血压高型是心血管病高危的主要类型,为12.73%(8309例)。随着年龄、BMI值的增加,成为心血管病高危人群的风险性越大;吸烟、饮酒、不在婚、文盲及小学文化、从事行政及专业技术人员均为心血管病高危因素,呈现正相关性;而女性是其保护因素,呈现负相关性。结论 宁夏回族自治区心血管病高危率低于全国平均水平,血压高型是其主要高危类型。建议重点关注低学历、低收入、农村和高龄人群。  相似文献   
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目的 构建二级生物安全实验室备案评价体系,为提升实验室的生物安全能力,同时也为进一步优化实验室安全管理,提供科学依据。方法 运用德尔菲专家咨询法进行两轮函询,确定指标体系,进而运用层次分析法计算指标权重。结果 两轮问卷回收率均为100.00%,专家权威系数>0.7,肯德尔和谐系数(W)的值较高且均有统计学意义,表明专家积极程度、权威程度和意见协调程度均较高,最终确定二级生物安全实验室备案评价体系包含A1安全防护、A2运行管理和A3制度建设等3个一级指标,12个二级指标,44个三级指标。结论 该备案评价体系具有评选、自查、预警、督促四大功能,对促进本地区实验室生物安全能力建设起到良好的推动作用。  相似文献   
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In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.  相似文献   
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