一测多评法同时测定艾纳香油中5种成分

目的建立一测多评法同时测定艾纳香Blumea balsamifera(L.)DC.油中β⁃蒎烯、β⁃石竹烯、樟脑、α⁃石竹烯和龙脑5种成分的含有量。方法艾纳香油乙酸乙酯提取物的分析采用PEG⁃20 M柱(30 m×0.32 mm,1.0μm);程序升温;载气为高纯氮气(99.999%);FID检测器温度240℃,进样口温度240℃。以龙脑为内标,计算其他4种成分的相对校正因子,再测定其含有量。结果蒎烯、β⁃石竹烯、樟脑、α⁃石竹烯和龙脑分别在1.49~59.5μg/mL(r=0.9996)、2.22~88.8μg/mL(r=0.9996)、6.48~259μg/mL(r=0.9997)、3.64~146μg/mL(r=0.9991)和16.4~656μg/mL(r=0.9998)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率(RSD)分别为97.4%(0.9%)、99.0%(1.3%)、98.9%(0.9%)、97.6%(0.9%)和99.7%(1.0%)。一测多评法所得结果接近于外标法。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于艾纳香油的质量控制。     

改良经椎间孔入路及后路腰椎椎间融合术治疗中老年轻中度腰椎滑脱症疗效比较

目的比较改良经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion，TLIF）与后路腰椎椎间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion，PLIF）治疗中老年轻中度腰椎滑脱症的手术疗效。方法回顾分析 2015 年 1 月—2017 年 1 月收治的符合选择标准的 106 例轻中度腰椎滑脱症（Meyerding 分度≤Ⅱ度）患者临床资料，根据手术方式不同分为改良 TLIF 组（54 例）及 PLIF 组（52 例）。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、滑脱椎体、Meyerding 分度及滑脱类型等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。记录并比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、住院时间、并发症等围术期相关指标。术前及术后 1 周，1、6、12 个月，末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评价疼痛及功能改善情况，术前与末次随访时测量滑脱角与椎间隙高度评价椎体滑脱矫正情况，末次随访时根据 Suk 标准判定椎间融合情况。 结果所有患者均获随访，随访时间 A 组 25～36 个月，平均 32.7 个月；B 组 24～38 个月，平均 33.3 个月。改良 TLIF 组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、术后卧床时间和住院时间均显著少于 PLIF 组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后各时间点 VAS 评分和 JOA 评分均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）；术后 1、6 个月改良 TLIF 组 VAS 评分和 JOA 评分显著优于 PLIF 组（P<0.05）。两组患者末次随访时滑脱角及椎间隙高度均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）；术前及末次随访时两组间滑脱角及椎间隙高度比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访时根据 Suk 标准，改良 TLIF 组椎间融合率为 96.3%（52/54），PLIF 组为 98.1%（51/52），两组比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.000，P=1.000）。并发症：两组患者切口感染、肺部感染及术后 1 周内健侧神经损伤发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；改良 TLIF 组均未发生术中硬脊膜损伤及术后 1 周内患侧神经损伤，PLIF 组分别发生 4 例（7.7%，P=0.054）和 8 例（15.4%，P=0.002）。 结论改良 TLIF 与 PLIF 手术治疗中老年轻中度腰椎滑脱症疗效肯定，改良 TLIF 手术对脊柱后柱正常结构损伤小、出血量和引流量少，硬脊膜和神经损伤发生率低，可改善术后疼痛，促进患者术后快速康复。     

越鞠丸联合盐酸氟西汀胶囊治疗抑郁症临床研究

目的:观察越鞠丸联合盐酸氟西汀胶囊治疗抑郁症的临床效果及对血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平的影响。方法:纳入因抑郁症就诊的64例患者,随机分为对照组与治疗组各32例。对照组给予盐酸氟西汀胶囊抗5-羟色胺(5-HT)治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合越鞠丸治疗。比较2组治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评分、抑郁症状学快速自评量表(QIDS-SR16)、血清BDNF水平及总体疗效。结果:治疗前后比较,2组HAMD-24评分、QIDS-SR16评分均下降,血清BDNF水平升高(P<0.05),组间比较,治疗组2项评分下降更多,血清BDNF水平升高更多(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组总体疗效为90.63%,优于对照组的68.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:越鞠丸联合盐酸氟西汀胶囊治疗抑郁症,可更加有效减缓患者抑郁症状,升高血清BDNF水平,增加临床疗效,有效保护患者脑功能,值得临床推广。     

IL‐17A synergistically enhances TLR3‐mediated IL‐36γ production by keratinocytes: A potential role in injury‐amplified psoriatic inflammation

Skin injury can trigger formation of new lesions in psoriasis (Koebner phenomenon). The mechanisms through which injury exacerbates psoriasis are unclear. During wound repair, epidermal keratinocytes are activated and produce abundant IL‐36γ, further promoting the skin inflammation. IL‐17A is the cornerstone cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We sought to investigate the effects of IL‐17A on injury‐induced keratinocyte activation and IL‐36γ production. Here, we demonstrated that dsRNA released from necrotic keratinocytes induced the expression of IL‐36γ. Silencing of TLR3 by siRNA decreased the IL‐36γ induction by necrotic keratinocyte supernatant. Co‐stimulation with dsRNA and IL‐17A synergistically increased the expression of IL‐36γ and other proinflammatory mediators (CCL20, CXCL8, DEFB4 and LCN2) in keratinocytes. The synergistic effects were not dependent on TLR3 upregulation, TNF receptor signalling and mRNA stabilization. Co‐stimulation with dsRNA and IL‐17A resulted in an accumulation of IκBζ. The synergistic upregulation of IL‐36γ and proinflammatory mediators were inhibited by IκBζ siRNA. Co‐stimulation with IL‐17A and poly(I:C) markedly activated the p38 MAPK and NF‐κB pathway, compared with poly(I:C). Blockade of p38 MAPK and NF‐κB suppressed dsRNA/IL‐17A–mediated IκBζ and IL‐36γ induction. These findings demonstrated that IL‐17A synergistically enhanced the dsRNA‐mediated IL‐36γ production through a p38 MAPK‐, NF‐κB–, and IκBζ‐dependent mechanism.     

Impact of various culture conditions on ex vivo expansion of polyclonal T cells for adoptive immunotherapy

Currently, adoptive immunotherapy is considered as one of the leading treatments in cancer. Successful adoptive immunotherapy depends on producing large numbers of desired T cells ex vivo for infusion. This requires an effective protocol for maximum functional T‐cell expansion while keeping the time and costs to a minimum. Current T‐cell expansion protocols are diverse in their methodology, and a universal protocol of expansion is wanting. Also, new findings regarding T‐cell biology, signaling, and activation have reshaped the strategies of T‐cell propagation over the years, introducing new ways to expand T cells. Here, we reviewed different conditions for blood‐derived polyclonal T‐cell expansion so as to elucidate the influential factors of T‐cell expansion and their efficacy.     

The 24-h reporting of Gram stains from positive blood cultures contributes to physician's use of appropriate antimicrobials: Experience at a university hospital

Although recent technological advances for the diagnosis of bloodstream infection (BSI) provide rapid and accurate results, blood culture maintains a key role in the diagnosis of BSI. The objective of this study was to determine whether 24-h reporting by telephone to disclose the suspected microorganism based on the Gram stain morphology from positive blood cultures (first laboratory report) affects a physician's use of appropriate antimicrobials. A total of 627 (14%) out of 4413 blood samples, excluding duplicate samples from the same patient on the same day, were positive for blood cultures between January and December 2016. The contamination rate of blood cultures during the study period was 2.3%. Among 627 patients with positive blood cultures, 538 (86%) were receiving antibiotics at the time of the first laboratory report, of which 502 (80%) thereafter continued the same antimicrobials, and the remaining 36 (6%) were changed to appropriate antimicrobials after the first laboratory report. An additional 25 (4%) were newly administered appropriate antimicrobials after the first laboratory report, whereas an additional 21 (3%) were newly administered appropriate antimicrobials after infection control team (ICT)-intervention. The median time lag (interquartile ranges) from flagging culture bottles as positive to a physician's use of appropriate antimicrobials after the first laboratory report (4 h, 2–7) was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than that after ICT-intervention (12 h, 10–17). During the study period, no cases of discrepancy between the Gram stain morphology in the first laboratory report and definitive identification of microorganisms in the final laboratory report were observed. Because the timing of flagging culture bottles as positive tends to fall outside normal working hours, immediate 24-h reporting by telephone to disclose the suspected microorganism based on the Gram stain morphology from positive blood cultures may contribute to an early recognition of bacteremia and the physician's use of appropriate antimicrobials.     

Cancer Stem Cells and Circulatory Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC.     

Efficacy and safety of cold snare polypectomy for sessile serrated polyps ≥ 10 mm: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundCold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a promising technique for the removal of sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) ≥ 10 mm. However, the efficacy and safety of this technique remain undetermined.AimsWe aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of CSP for SSPs ≥ 10 mm.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2021.ResultsA total of 10 studies consisting of 1727 SSPs (range, 10–40 mm) from 1021 patients were included. The overall rates of technical success, adverse events (AEs) and residual SSPs were 100%, 0.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the rates of technical success and AEs were comparable between CSP and cold endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (99.9% vs. 100% and 1.3% vs. 0.5%, respectively), between the proximal and distal colon (100% vs. 99.9% and 0.3% vs. 0, respectively), and between polyps of 10–19 mm and ≥20 mm (99.8% vs. 100% and 0.9% vs. 0, respectively). However, subgroup analysis showed that the rate of residual SSPs was slightly lower in CSP compared with cold EMR (1.3% vs. 3.9%), as well as in polyps of 10–19 mm compared with those ≥20 mm (3.1% vs. 4.7%).ConclusionCSP was an effective and safe technique for removing SSPs ≥ 10 mm.     

原发性高血压患者24 h动态心电图心率减速力与心率变异性的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者心率减速力(DC)特点,分析其与心率变异性(HRV)各时域指标的相关性,以及对自主神经功能的评估价值。方法前瞻性选择2018年1月至2020年6月合肥市滨湖医院收治的78例EH患者,作为EH组。另选取同期体检的50位健康志愿者,作为对照组。2组均接受24 h动态心电图监测,比较2组DC值和HRV时域指标[窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、差值均方根(RMSSD)和相邻R-R间期差值>50 ms心搏百分比(pNN50)];依据DC值进行猝死危险分层,将EH组分为高危组(DC≤2.5 ms)和非高危组(DC≥2.6 ms)比较2组HRV时域指标差异;分析DC与HRV各时域指标的相关性。结果EH组DC、SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50分别为(4.83±1.27)ms、(109.26±21.03)ms、(38.74±9.38)ms、(5.12±0.95)%,均明显低于对照组的(6.19±1.42)ms、(132.07±28.54)ms、(52.65±11.32)ms、(7.83±1.42)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);高危组DC、SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50分别为(2.42±0.07)ms、(87.39±10.23)ms、(32.57±8.15)ms、(4.26±1.02)%,均明显低于非高危组的(5.27±1.26)ms、(113.24±20.15)ms、(39.86±10.47)ms、(5.28±1.27)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson法分析显示,EH患者DC与SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50水平均呈正相关(r=0.637、0.652、0.709,P<0.05)。结论EH患者DC明显下降,且和HRV呈正相关,可协同作为自主神经功能和猝死风险的评估筛查指标。