Papel de la resonancia magnética en niños con hemangiomas lumbosacros y perineales: informe de 3 casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura

Cutaneous hemangiomas are the most frequent benign tumors in children. When they affect the lumbar and perineal area some cases can be associated with an occult spinal dysraphism. The management of these hemangiomas lack consensus. We report 3 cases of children with lumbosacral and perineal hemangiomas with magnetic resonance image abnormalities and we review the literature to find out the type and timing of tests that should be performed to complete the study in these patients. Ultrasound is typically requested as young as possible, as this imaging technique is not possible 11 the posterior spinal elements have ossified. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing occult spinal dysraphism. According to the literature, the mean age for MRI screening should be around 6 months, when the fat formation in the filum terminale is expanded. In our opinion, an MRI scan should be performed at 6 months of age in every children with lumbar or perineal hemangioma regardless the lesion size, neurological symptoms or the ultrasound results.     

关节镜治疗膝关节滑膜血管瘤1例

<正>患儿,6岁,女,因右膝关节间断肿胀、疼痛3年余入院。自诉3年前开始出现右膝关节肿胀并伴有内侧压痛。无明显外伤史。关节腔穿刺显示为血性液体。一直行保守治疗。同年在吉林大学中日联谊医院行同侧大腿中段内侧血管瘤切除术。入院查体:右膝关节明显肿胀,局部皮肤可见血管影(见图1a),皮温不高,局部压痛明显,右膝关节活动度为0°～120°,末稍血运及感觉正常。X线检查示右膝关节骨质及     

Thoracic Extradural Cavernous Hemangioma Mimicking a Dumbbell-Shaped Tumor

Dumbbell-shaped spinal extradural cavernous hemangioma is rare. The differential diagnosis of dumbbell-shaped spinal tumors based on magnetic resonance imaging includes schwannoma and lymphoma. Here, we report a dumbbell-shaped spinal extradural cavernous hemangioma with intrathoracic growth on T2-3 in a 64-year-old man complaining of right side infrascapular area back pain with no neurologic deficit. The cavernous hemangioma was resected through combined video-assisted thoracoscopy and laminectomy without a fusion procedure. The patient had tolerable operative wound pain with no neurologic deficit after surgery. Based on magnetic resonance imaging findings and a review of the literature, we discuss cavernous hemangioma among the differential diagnosis of paravertebral dumbbell-shaped spinal tumors and the importance of complete resection.     

Success in the use of oral propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma in nasal tip – Report of two cases

Infantile hemangioma is the most common pediatric vascular tumor, with the following risk factors: low birth weight, prematurity, white skin, female gender, multiparity and advanced maternal age. The use of oral and topical beta-blockers, although recent, has emerged as the first line of treatment, with superior safety and efficacy to previously used therapies, such as corticosteroids and surgeries. This report describes two cases of nasal tip infantile hemangioma, treated with oral propranolol. Both presented excellent therapeutic responses.     

β受体阻滞剂治疗婴儿血管瘤中国专家共识

【摘要】 β受体阻滞剂是目前治疗婴儿血管瘤的一线药物，主要包括口服普萘洛尔和外用噻吗洛尔/卡替洛尔滴眼液。β受体阻滞剂药物选择及给药方式主要根据患儿年龄、瘤体部位、分型、分类及大小等因素综合决定。本共识对口服普萘洛尔的适应证及禁忌证、治疗起始时间及剂量、疗程与停药指征、用药期间注意事项和不良反应的监测及处理和特殊人群治疗剂量、疗程以及外用β受体阻滞剂适应证、应用具体方法等进行总结，希望为皮肤科及相关专业医生规范应用β受体阻滞剂治疗婴儿血管瘤提供参考依据。     

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with overlapping features of rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma and a delayed complication of necrotizing fasciitis

We report the case of a male infant born at term with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) of the right forearm and coagulopathy. Our case was unusual as it involuted leaving subcutaneous atrophy and prominent veins, which are more commonly observed in rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma. At 3 years of age, the child developed recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis localized to the area where the KHE had regressed. Subsequently, he developed necrotizing fasciitis and thrombotic veins in the same location and group A streptococcal septic shock.     

普萘洛尔与阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的比较研究

目的：评价普萘洛尔与阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的疗效与安全性。方法年龄5~24周的婴儿血管瘤患儿75例，分为普萘洛尔组（30例）与阿替洛尔组（45例）。普萘洛尔组给予普萘洛尔2 mg/kg，每天分3次口服；阿替洛尔组给予阿替洛尔1 mg/kg，每天1次口服。两组均连续服药24周，并于治疗后第1、4、12、24周进行随访，记录不良反应，并对治疗24周前后的瘤体情况进行血管瘤活跃度评分以评价疗效。结果在普萘洛尔组中，达到瘤体消退满意的患儿为70%（21/30），阿替洛尔组中达到瘤体消退满意的患儿为75.6%（34/45），两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。普萘洛尔组中1例患儿因严重气道高反应性而停药导致治疗失败。阿替洛尔组中1例患儿因出现药物抵抗而治疗失败。两组相比，普萘洛尔组患儿出现胃肠道反应、中枢神经系统不良反应及肢端发凉、细支气管炎合并气道高反应性的比例更高（P<0.05）。两组中均未出现低血压、低血糖及心动过缓。结论阿替洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的疗效与普萘洛尔相仿，但阿替洛尔的不良反应更少。     

婴幼儿血管瘤的局部药物治疗进展

目的：婴幼儿血管瘤是婴幼儿最常见的良性软组织肿瘤。普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的安全性和有效性均优于传统的糖皮质激素，但口服普萘洛尔可导致系统性并发症。局部应用β受体阻滞剂成为婴幼儿血管瘤治疗研究的新热点，如局部外用0.5%噻吗洛尔滴眼液、0.1%噻吗洛尔凝胶、普萘洛尔纳米水溶胶等。另外，局部外用5%咪喹莫特软膏、局部注射药物以及联合不同波长激光等均可作为婴幼儿血管瘤的治疗选择。本文简要综述婴幼儿血管瘤局部药物治疗方法。