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1.
目的 分析大连市瓦房店地区在2016—2019年公共场所公共用具卫生状况,为卫生监督管理提供依据。方法 按照国家双随机抽检要求,2016—2019年在大连市瓦房店地区内抽查公共场所共计352家,进行微生物指标监测和分析。结果 2016—2019年共抽检公共用品用具1 057份,微生物指标合格率92.62%(978/1 057),四年间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.98,P=0.046),以2018年最高,为94.61%(158/167);不同种类公共用品用具微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.55,P<0.001),其中毛巾最低,为87.34%(276/316);不同公共场所微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.42,P=0.003),以沐浴场所微生物指标合格率最低,为50.00(3/6)。结论 大连市瓦房店地区公共场所公共用品用具的卫生状况整体良好,沐浴场所以及毛巾类样品超标严重,需要加强消毒管理。  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.  相似文献   
3.
BackgroundPolypharmacy is commonly related to poor drug adherence, decreased quality of life and inappropriate prescribing in eldery. Furthermore, this condition also leads to a higher utilization of health services resources, due to the increased risk of adverse drug events, length of stays in hospitals and readmissions rates after discharge.ObjectiveThis Systematic Review aimed to synthesize the current evidence that evaluates pharmaceutical services on polymedicated patients, from an economic perspective.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies that were published until January 2021. Experimental and observational studies were included in this review, using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using the following tools: RoB and ROBINS-I. Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted the data.Results3,662 articles were retrieved from the databases. After the screening, 18 studies were included: 9 experimental and 9 observational studies. The studies reported that the integration of the pharmacist as a member of the healthcare team provides an optimized use of pharmacotherapy to polymedicated patients and contributes to health promotion, providing reduction of spending on medication, reduction of expenses related to emergency care and hospitalizations and other medical expenses. The ECRs made cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis, and most of the Non Randomized studies had statistically significant cost savings even considering the expenses of pharmaceutical assistance. Experimental studies reported a cost reduction varying between US$ 193 to US$ 4,966 per patient per year. Furthermore, observational studies estimated a cost reduction of varying from US$ 3 to US$ 2,505 per patient per year. The cost savings are related to decrease in emergency visits and hospitalizations, through pharmacist intervention (medication review and pharmacotherapy follow-up).ConclusionsConsidering the set of studies included, pharmaceutical care services directed to polymedicated patients may cooperate to save financial resources. Most of the interventions showed positive economic trends and also contributed to improving clinical parameters and quality of life. However, due to the majority of the studies having exploratory or qualitative methodology, it is essential to carry out more robust studies, based on full economic evaluation.  相似文献   
4.
目的:调查门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为与健康行为能力现状,分析两者相互关系,为门诊PICC患者管理提供支持。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2020年2月至12月天津某三级甲等医院门诊138例PICC患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、健康信息搜寻行为量表(HISB)和健康行为能力量表(SRAHP)进行横断面调查,采用Pearson相关分析法探讨健康信息搜寻行为与健康行为能力的关系。结果:门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为总分为(158.46±15.70)分,各维度得分由高到低依次为信息需求、信息搜寻态度、获取信息障碍、信息来源。健康行为能力总分为(99.24±9.77)分,整体处于较高水平,其中良好87例(63.1%),一般46例(33.3%),较差5例(3.6%);各维度得分为营养(24.91±3.46)分,运动(25.17±3.35)分,心理安适(24.15±3.14)分,健康责任(25.01±2.72)分。Pearson相关分析显示,健康信息搜寻行为总分及信息搜寻态度、信息需求、信息来源与健康行为能力总分及各维度得分均呈正相关(r=0.263~0.462,P<0.05);获取信息障碍与健康行为能力总分及各维度得分呈负相关(r=-0.168~-0.251,P<0.05)。结论:门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为态度处于中等水平,信息需求水平较高,但搜寻途径较为受限,存在一定程度信息获取障碍;患者信息搜寻态度越积极,健康行为能力越高。建议医护人员基于患者健康信息需求导向,依据其信息搜寻行为特点,对患者掌握资讯的不足提供个性化指导和多种形式健康教育,提高患者健康行为能力,改善健康结局。  相似文献   
5.
探索重大突发公共卫生事件中以亚定点医院为代表的医疗管理模式。从上海新国际博览中心W1亚定点医院的实际运行情况出发,对其医疗供需、收治标准、运行效果、存在问题等逐一分析,结合本医疗队的经验,提出新的工作模式和管理思路。亚定点医院为普通型和有基础疾病的新冠病毒阳性感染者提供及时有效的救治,缓解了定点医院的运行压力,但也暴露出人员配置、信息化支撑、院感防控等方面的问题。采取“两级缓冲、双向转诊”的工作模式和“三个快、三个准、三个稳、三个全”的管理方案,可为患者提供及时、有效、适宜的医疗服务,缓解定点医院运行压力。  相似文献   
6.
Since its creation, the Psychiatric Guidance and Reception Centre (CPOA) has received and cared for patients aged 16 to 18. Among them, the rate of Unaccompanied Minor Refugees (UMR) has steadily increased, from 10% in 2016 to 12% in 2018. Meeting UMR patients most often occurs at the peak of their crisis, when their personal resources are overwhelmed and when they experience a severe state of psychological suffering. Our objective was to understand who UMR are concerning the particularities and the similarities they could share at clinical and therapeutic levels with other adolescents. We conducted a retrospective and observational cohort study of the 52 UMR received at the CPOA in 2018 in order to draw a portrait of them, to identify the specificities of their care, their guidance and their access to care, and to compare them with other young non UMR patients. UMR we met at CPOA in 2018 were most often boys aged 16 to 17, with limited resources and in great psychological distress. UMR had more suicidal behaviors (19%) than other minor patients (13%), and our results showed more prolonged consultations for UMR than non UMR at the CPOA (44% versus 41%), indicating that the isolated situation of UMRs complicates their ambulatory support. This study also allowed us to question the existence of emergency care specially dedicated to UMR. Although there are few recommendations to date, it seems important to reintroduce time into their care, in order to recreate a unit, which has sufficient place and time for these young patients whose lives are marked by many breakdowns.  相似文献   
7.
《Vaccine》2022,40(15):2292-2298
IntroductionChildhood vaccination rates have decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brazilian immunization program, Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI), is a model effort, achieving immunization rates comparable to high-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in pediatric vaccinations administered by the PNI, as a proxy of adherence to vaccinations during 2020.MethodsData on the number of vaccines administered to children under 10 years of age nationally and in each of Brazil’s five regions were extracted from Brazil’s federal health delivery database. Population adjusted monthly vaccination rates from 2015 through 2019 were determined, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were used to forecast expected vaccinated rates in 2020. We compared the forecasts to reported vaccine administrations to assess adequacy of pediatric vaccine delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsFrom January 2015 to February 2020, the average rate of vaccine administration to children was 53.4 per 100,000. After February 2020, this rate decreased to 50.4, a 9.4% drop compared to 2019 and fell outside of forecasted ranges in December 2020. In Brazil's poorest region, the North, vaccine delivery fell outside of the forecasted ranges earlier in 2020 but subsequently rebounded, meeting expected targets by the end of 2020. However, in Brazil's wealthiest South and Southeast regions, initial vaccine delivery fell and remained well below forecasted rates through the end of 2020.ConclusionIn Brazil, despite a model national pediatric vaccination program with an over 95% national coverage, vaccination rates decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coordinated governmental efforts have ameliorated some of the decrease, but more efforts are needed to ensure continued protection from preventable communicable diseases for children globally.  相似文献   
8.
目的:探索真实世界中生脉注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床特征及合并用药规律。方法:对2214例冠心病心绞痛患者医院信息系统中的临床特征数据进行描述性分析,并利用关联规则算法挖掘生脉注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的联合用药规律。结果:男性患者共996例(44.99%),少于女性的1196例(54.02%);患者的平均年龄(72.1±12.36)岁,其中66~85岁的患者最多,共1544例(69.74%);住院病情以一般者为最多,共945例(42.68%);患者的平均住院天数为(21.96±16.26)d,其中住院天数在15~28 d的患者最多,共865例(39.07%);本研究中生脉注射液用药途径主要为静脉滴注(共1768例,占79.86%);通过静脉滴注的用药方式应用生脉注射液的单次剂量平均为(54.09±18.09)mL;其中41~60 mL者最多,共1008例(57.01%);生脉注射液的平均用药(5.4±6.49)d;生脉注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛最常用的合并用药组合为丹红注射液→单硝酸异山梨酯、速效救心丸-丹红注射液→单硝酸异山梨酯、阿伐他汀→乙酰水杨酸、单硝酸异山梨酯-美托洛尔→乙酰水杨酸。结论:经过对冠心病心绞痛患者医院信息系统(HIS)数据的严格清洗以及标准化,可通过数据挖掘技术对其进行临床特征及用药规律的挖掘分析,并为临床医生提供一定的参考,具有重要的研究意义。  相似文献   
9.
ObjectiveTo assess whether long-term cancer survivors (≥5 years after diagnosis) are at an increased risk of experiencing an opioid-related emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization compared with persons without cancer.MethodsA 1:1 matched retrospective cohort study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data sets. The analysis was conducted from October 2020 to December 2020 in persons who lived 5 years or more after a breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer diagnosis matched to noncancer controls on the basis of age, sex, race, pain conditions, and previous opioid use. Fine-Gray regression models were used to assess the relationship between cancer survivorship status and opioid-related ED visit or hospitalization.ResultsThe incidence of opioid-related ED visits and hospitalizations was 51.2 (95% CI, 43.5 to 59.8) and 62.2 (95% CI, 53.4 to 72.1) per 100,000 person-years among cancer survivors and matched noncancer controls, respectively. No significant association was observed between survivorship and opioid-related adverse event among opioid naive (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.02) and non-naive (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.89) cohorts.ConclusionCancer survivors and noncancer controls had a similar risk of an ED visit or inpatient admission. Guidelines and policies should promote nonopioid pain management approaches especially to opioid non-naive older adults, a population at high risk for an opioid-related ED visit or hospitalization.  相似文献   
10.
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