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1.
目的分析中国汉族人群CYP2C9和VKORC1的基因多态性及其与华法林稳定维持剂量的相关性。方法回顾性研究。收集2017年10月至2018年4月在北京大学人民医院进行凝血分析检测的458例中国汉族患者,男性213例,女性245例,年龄范围26~94岁。采用PCR-荧光探针法检测CYP2C9*3位点和VKORC1-1639A>G位点基因多态性,458例患者中服用华法林进行抗凝治疗且凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值(INR)达标(在2.0~3.0范围内)的患者130例,记录患者基本信息、华法林用药剂量及凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值(INR),应用SPSS统计分析数据,与美国FDA推荐的不同基因型患者华法林推荐剂量的参考表格进行对比,并且对华法林预测剂量公式进行简单验证。结果458例抗凝患者中CYP2C9*1/*1(AA)基因型频率90.8%,CYP2C9*1/*3(AC)基因型频率8.5%,CYP2C9*3/*3(CC)基因型频率0.7%;VKORC1-1639GG基因型频率0.9%,VKORC1-1639AG基因型频率14.2%;VKORC1-1639AA基因型频率84.9%。在达到抗凝指标(国际标准化比值INR 2.0~3.0)后,结果显示CYP2C9*1/*3与*3/*3基因型患者平均每日剂量为(2.92±1.29);3(2.75,3.375)mg,低于野生型CYP2C9*1/*1基因型患者所需的平均每日华法林剂量(3.91±1.63);3(3,5)mg,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。VKORC1纯合突变基因型VKORC1-AA患者平均每日剂量为(3.68±1.64);3(3,4.31)mg,低于杂合基因突变型的平均每日剂量(4.54±1.29);4.5(3.28,6)mg,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。不同VKORC1+CYP2C9基因型患者的华法林应用剂量与美国FDA参考表格的推荐剂量具有一致性。Miao2007公式的预测准确度较IWPC公式低,且94.1%的患者华法林剂量被低估。结论携带CYP2C9*3突变基因或VKORC1-AA纯合突变基因型的患者所需华法林剂量较低,CYP2C9和VKORC1基因多态性与华法林稳定维持剂量具有一定的相关性。  相似文献   
2.
目的 比较不同肌炎特异性自身抗体(myositis specific antibodies,MSAs)类型的免疫介导坏死性肌病(immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies,IMNM)的临床和病理特征。方法 从中日友好医院2008—2018年住院期间所有行肌肉活检的特发性炎性肌病患者中选取符合以下任一条件的IMNM患者104例:(1)抗信号识别颗粒(signal recognition particle,SRP)抗体阳性;(2)抗3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A 还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase,HMGCR)抗体阳性;(3)血清MSAs阴性且病理符合2004年欧洲神经肌肉病中心定义的IMNM病理诊断标准。回顾性收集患者的临床、实验室检查和肌肉病理等信息,比较各组临床及病理特征的差异。结果 所有104例IMNM患者中,肌无力(92.3%)、肌酸激酶升高(92.3%)是IMNM的最常见临床表现,此外,33.7%的IMNM患者合并吞咽困难,46.5%的患者合并间质性肺病(interstitial lung diseases,ILD)。抗HMGCR阳性患者较抗SRP阳性和MSAs阴性患者更容易出现V形疹(30.4% vs. 4.3%和5.9%,P<0.01),抗SRP阳性患者合并ILD发生率高于抗HMGCR阳性和MSAs阴性患者(64.4% vs. 34.8%和29.0%,P<0.01),MSAs阴性患者合并其他结缔组织病更多见(32.4% vs. 8.5%和4.3%,P<0.01)。3组IMNM患者肌肉病理中均可见肌细胞坏死(94.2%)、吞噬(65.4%)和再生(67.3%),肌细胞膜表达主要组织相容性复合物-Ⅰ分子上调(78.8%),肌内膜CD4 +T细胞(68.3%)和CD68 +巨噬细胞(65.7%)浸润。结论 抗SRP抗体阳性、抗HMGCR抗体阳性和MSAs阴性的IMNM患者存在异质性,在临床上开展MSAs检测和肌肉病理检查对区分不同类型的IMNM有指导价值。  相似文献   
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4.
BackgroundDrug-induced cerebellar ataxias (DICA) represent an important group of secondary cerebellar ataxias. Herein, we reported a case series of progressive cerebellar ataxia induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).MethodsObservational study with a Brazilian case series of patients with cerebellar ataxia due to statins use.ResultsWe described four patients with cerebellar ataxia, predominantly gait ataxia, due to statins use. Mean age was 67.5 years old, predominantly male, with several comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and myocardial revascularization. After statin withdrawal, and treatment with coenzyme Q10 in some patients, progressive improvement of gait ataxia was observed.DiscussionWe presented a case series of four patients with cerebellar ataxia due to statins use, which represents a new rare side-effect of statins, probably related to coenzyme Q10 deficiency.  相似文献   
5.

Ethnopharmacology relevance

Raw and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR and PMRP) are used in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia or related diseases. In our previous research, 2, 3, 5, 4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) displayed the most important role in the total cholesterol (TC) lowering effect among all the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum. Emodin and physcion displayed more favorable triglyceride (TG) reducing effects than TSG. However, there are few researches focus on the approach and mechanism of how do Polygonum multiflorum exhibit good lipid regulation activity. The targeted sites of active substances of Polygonum multiflorum are still not clearly elucidated. This research pays close attention to how major chemical components of Polygonum multiflorum affect the TC and TG contents in liver cells.

Materials and methods

In this research, a sensitive, accurate and rapid in vitro model, steatosis hepatic L02 cell, was used to explore target sites of active chemical substances of Polygonum multiflorum for 48 h. Steatosis hepatic L02 cell was exposed to emodin, physcion and TSG, respectively. The contents of four key enzymes in the pathway of synthesis and decomposition of TC and TG were investigated after exposure. Meanwhile, the contents of lipid transfer protein were also tested. The diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) controlled the biosynthesis of TG from free fatty acids while 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) limited the biosynthesis of TC. Hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) played the key role in the lipolysis procedure of TG and TC.

Results

The synthesis of TC and TG in steatosis L02 cells were apparently increased in the model group compared to the control group. Intracellular contents of HMG-CoA reductase and DGAT1 increased 32.33% and 56.52%, while contents of CYP7A and HTGL decreased 21.61% and 47.37%. Emodin, physcion and TSG all showed down-regulation effects on HMG-CoA reductase, while up-regulation effects on CYP7A. The most remarkable effect on HMG-CoA reductase was found on emodin. Emodin could reduce the DGAT1 content from 438.44±4.51 pg/mL in model group to 192.55±9.85 pg/mL (100 μm). The content of HTGL in 300 μm physcion group was 3.15±0.15 U/mL, which was more significantly effective than the control, lovastatin and fenofibrate group.

Conclusions

TSG could raise the content of CYP7A and then promote the lipolysis of cholesterol. Moreover, TSG also showed the best LDL-reducing effect. Emodin could inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and DGAT1, which were key enzymes in the synthesis of TC and TG. Physcion increased the content of HTGL, and then could boost the lipolysis of triglyceride. At the same time, physcion showed the best VLDL-reducing effect. In view of the above conclusions, we contributed the lipid regulation activity to an overall synergy of TSG, emodin and physcion.  相似文献   
6.

Purpose

To evaluate the association between statin drug use and peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length in a U.S. nationally representative sample of adults.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002, representative of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The analytic study population included 3496 men and women aged 40–84 years without a history of cancer and who had information of telomere length and statin use.

Results

Compared with nonusers, statin users were more likely to be former smokers, older, white, male, and had more comorbidities. Statin users did not have longer telomeres than nonusers after age (coefficient ?0.013, p = .30) and multivariable (0.0003, p = .98) adjustment. After multivariable adjustment, log-transformed telomere length nonstatistically significantly increased with increasing duration of use (0.003, p-trend = .11), which did not differ by number of comorbidities (p-interaction = 0.18). Compared with nonuse, more than 5 years of use had an odds ratio of telomere length above the 75th percentile of 1.62 (95% confidence interval 0.90–2.92; p-trend = .10).

Conclusions

Although telomere length appeared to be longer with longer duration of use of a statin, this association was not statistically significant, and we could not rule out bias as the explanation.  相似文献   
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9.
Atorvastatin     
Atorvastatin (Lipitor?, Pfizer) is a safe and effective 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor (statin). It is the most potent currently available statin in terms of lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels. It was the first statin shown to lower triglycerides in patients with isolated hypertriglyceridaemia. It has a good safety profile. In common with other statins, it has non-lipid-lowering effects including improving endothelial function, antiproliferative actions on smooth muscle and reducing platelet aggregation. It also has anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce plasma glucose levels. Clinical trial evidence with this statin is currently limited. It did slightly reduce events in the AVERT trial comparing patients receiving coronary angioplasty with those receiving high-dose atorvastatin therapy and in the MIRACL study reduced ischemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Other end point trials are in progress.  相似文献   
10.
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality. CRC has a natural history of transition from a precursor lesion, ie adenomatous polyp to cancer, that spans over 10 to 15 years providing an extended opportunity for intervention and cancer prevention. Suppression of the carcinogenic process by use of pharmacological or natural agents is the cornerstone of chemoprevention. Objectives: The aim of this review was to give an up-to-date overview on the different agents that had been studied, over the last decade, as chemopreventive agents and the current status of chemoprevention. Methods: Articles were identified by searches of PubMed and the Internet and reviewed. All articles and other referenced materials were retrieved using the keywords “colon cancer”, “adenoma”, “chemoprevention”, “non steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs”, “aspirin”, “HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors”, “bile acids”, “Difluoromethylornithine”, “hormone replacement therapy”, “mesalamine”, “curcumin”, and “calcium”. Papers were published between 1960 and 2008, with older references selected for historical significance. Only papers published in English were reviewed. Results: Recent preclinical as well as clinical trials have provided data on the potential benefit of a number of drugs and nutritional elements in the field of CRC prevention. Currently, only celecoxib is FDA approved for chemoprevention of CRC and only for high-risk patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This is mainly due to cardiovascular toxicity reported in individuals with a personal history of sporadic adenomas. Aspirin and sulindac have also repeatedly demonstrated efficacy in this setting. However, due to increased risk of associated GI toxicity their benefit will have to be weighed against their risk. Combination therapy, using lower doses of each medication, is drawing a great deal of attention and many studies utilizing a variety of chemopreventive agents are presently under study. Promising results have recently been published using sulindac and DFMO. Conclusion: Many agents have shown positive results in the field of chemoprevention however, the ideal chemopreventive agent remains to be discovered with great emphasis on need not to harm. Combining different agents may maximize effectiveness while limiting drug toxicity.  相似文献   
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